Non Invasive Characterization Of Liver Disease

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Non-Invasive Characterization of Liver Disease

Author : Markus Karlsson
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
Page : 77 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2019-12-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789179299422

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Non-Invasive Characterization of Liver Disease by Markus Karlsson Pdf

There is a large and unmet need for diagnostic tool that can be used to characterize chronic liver diseases (CLD). In the earlier stages of CLD, much of the diagnostics involves performing biopsies, which are evaluated by a histopathologist for the presence of e.g. fat, iron, inflammation, and fibrosis. Performing biopsies, however, have two downsides: i) biopsies are invasive and carries a small but non-negligible risk for serious complications, ii) biopsies only represents a tiny portion of the liver and are thus prone to sampling error. Moreover, in the later stages of CLD, when the disease has progressed far enough, the ability of the liver to perform its basic function will be compromised. In this stage, there is a need for better methods for accurately measuring liver function. Additionally, measures of liver function can also be used when developing new drugs, as biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury (DILI), which is a serious drug-safety issue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive medical imaging modality, which have shown much promise with regards to characterizing liver disease in all of the abovementioned aspects. The aim of this PhD project was to develop and validate MR-based methods that can be used to non-invasively characterize liver disease. Paper I investigated if R2* mapping, a MR-method for measuring liver iron content, can be confounded by liver fat. The results show fat does affect R2*. The conclusion was therefore that fat must be taken into account when measuring small amounts of liver iron, as a small increase in R2* could be due to either small amounts of iron or large amounts of fat. Paper II examined whether T1 mapping, which is another MR-method, can be used for staging liver fibrosis. The results of previous research have been mixed; some studies have been very promising, whereas other studies have been less promising. Unfortunately, the results in Paper II belongs to the less promising studies. Paper III focused on measuring liver function by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCEMRI) using a liver specific contrast agent, which is taken up the hepatocytes and excreted to the bile. The purpose of the paper was to extend and validate a method for estimating uptake and efflux rates of the contrast agent. The method had previously only been applied in health volunteers. Paper II showed that the method can be applied to CLD patients and that the uptake of the contrast agent is lower in patients with advanced fibrosis. Paper IV also used studied liver function with DCE-MRI in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). PSC is a CLD where the bile ducts are attacked by the immune system. When diagnosing PSC patients, it is common to use magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), which is a method for imaging the bile ducts. Paper IV examined if there was any correlation between number and severity of the morphological changes, seen on MRCP, and measures of liver function derived using DCE-MRI. However, the results showed no such correlation. The conclusion was that the results indicates that MRCP should not be used to predict parenchymal function. Paper V developed a method for translating DCE-MRI liver function parameters from rats to humans. This translation could be of value when developing new drugs, as a tool for predicting which drugs might cause drug-induced liver injury. In summary, this thesis has shown that multimodal quantitative MR has a bright future for characterizing liver disease from a range of different aspects.

Supporting People to Manage Their Health

Author : Judith Hoffman Hibbard,Helen Gilburt,King's Fund (London, England)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2014-05
Category : Medical care
ISBN : 1909029300

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Supporting People to Manage Their Health by Judith Hoffman Hibbard,Helen Gilburt,King's Fund (London, England) Pdf

This report introduces a behavioural concept known as patient activation, which captures an individual's skills, knowledge and confidence in taking on active roles. The report also introduces the patient activation measure, a mechanism for establishing individuals' capabilities and enabling services to be tailored to these needs.

Ultrasound Elastography

Author : Monica Lupsor-Platon
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789857092

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Ultrasound Elastography by Monica Lupsor-Platon Pdf

Elastography, the science of creating noninvasive images of mechanical characteristics of tissues, has been rapidly evolving in recent years. The advantage of this technique resides in the ability to rapidly detect and quantify the changes in the stiffness of soft tissues resulting from specific pathological or physiological processes. Ultrasound elastography is nowadays applied especially on the liver and breast, but the technique has been increasingly used for other tissues including the thyroid, lymph nodes, spleen, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, prostate, and the musculoskeletal and vascular systems. This book presents some of the applications of strain and shear-wave ultrasound elastography in hepatic, pancreatic, breast, and musculoskeletal conditions.

Guidelines for the Prevention Care and Treatment of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Author : WHO.,World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Chronic diseases
ISBN : 9240694021

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Guidelines for the Prevention Care and Treatment of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection by WHO.,World Health Organization Pdf

These are the first World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for theprevention care and treatment of persons living with CHB infection andcomplement similar recent published guidance by WHO on the prevention care and treatment of infection due to the hepatitis C virus (HCV). In contrastto several recent international guidelines on the management of CHB infectionfrom the United States Europe Asia-Pacific and the United Kingdom (UK) theprimary audience for these WHO guidelines is country programme managers inall settings but particularly in LMICs to help plan the development and scale up.

Chronic Liver Failure

Author : Pere Ginès,Patrick S Kamath,Vicente Arroyo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 590 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781607618669

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Chronic Liver Failure by Pere Ginès,Patrick S Kamath,Vicente Arroyo Pdf

Chronic liver failure is a frequent condition in clinical practice that encompasses all manifestations of patients with end-stage liver diseases. Chronic liver failure is a multiorgan syndrome that affects the liver, kidneys, brain, heart, lungs, adrenal glands, and vascular, coagulation, and immune systems. Chronic Liver Failure: Mechanisms and Management covers for the first time all aspects of chronic liver failure in a single book, from pathogenesis to current management. Each chapter is written by a worldwide known expert in their area and all provide the latest state-of-the-art knowledge. This volume is specifically designed to provide answers to clinical questions to all doctors dealing with patients with liver diseases, not only clinical gastroenterologists and hepatologists, but also to internists, nephrologists, intensive care physicians, and transplant surgeons.

Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2018-2021

Author : Juerg Hodler,Rahel A. Kubik-Huch,Gustav K. von Schulthess
Publisher : Springer
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319750194

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Diseases of the Abdomen and Pelvis 2018-2021 by Juerg Hodler,Rahel A. Kubik-Huch,Gustav K. von Schulthess Pdf

This open access book deals with imaging of the abdomen and pelvis, an area that has seen considerable advances over the past several years, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The respective chapters, written by internationally respected experts in their fields, focus on imaging diagnosis and interventional therapies in abdominal and pelvic disease; they cover all relevant imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. As such, the book offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. It will be of interest to general radiologists, radiology residents, interventional radiologists, and clinicians from other specialties who want to update their knowledge in this area.

Magnetic Resonance Elastography

Author : Sudhakar K. Venkatesh,Richard L. Ehman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493915750

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Magnetic Resonance Elastography by Sudhakar K. Venkatesh,Richard L. Ehman Pdf

The first book to cover the groundbreaking development and clinical applications of Magnetic Resonance Elastography, this book is essential for all practitioners interested in this revolutionary diagnostic modality. The book is divided into three sections. The first covers the history of MRE. The second covers technique and clinical applications of MRE in the liver with respect to fibrosis, liver masses, and other diseases. Case descriptions are presented to give the reader a hands-on approach. The final section presents the techniques, sequence and preliminary results of applications in other areas of the body including muscle, brain, lung, heart, and breast.

NAFLD and NASH

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Biochemical markers
ISBN : 3030371743

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NAFLD and NASH by Anonim Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatis (NASH). Basic principles of disease progression, the genetic and nutritional basis of NAFLD and NASH are explained along with the proteomic principles underlying biomarker development. Chapters cover both biochemical and imaging biomarkers used in elastrography and ultrasound and discuss how these are applicable to early diagnosis and monitoring of NASH and NAFLD. This is a useful resource for hepatologists, primary care providers with an interest in metabolic disease, diabetologists and endocrinologists in their daily clinical practice.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-07-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128173176

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Drug-Induced Liver Injury by Anonim Pdf

Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Volume 85, the newest volume in the Advances in Pharmacology series, presents a variety of chapters from the best authors in the field. Chapters in this new release include Cell death mechanisms in DILI, Mitochondria in DILI, Primary hepatocytes and their cultures for the testing of drug-induced liver injury, MetaHeps an alternate approach to identify IDILI, Autophagy and DILI, Biomarkers and DILI, Regeneration and DILI, Drug-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Mechanisms of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury, the Evaluation and Treatment of Acetaminophen Toxicity, and much more. Includes the authority and expertise of leading contributors in pharmacology Presents the latest release in the Advances in Pharmacology series

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Author : Elisabetta Bugianesi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319958286

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Elisabetta Bugianesi Pdf

The goal of this book is to promote awareness of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) – which is rapidly replacing viral hepatitis as the leading cause of chronic liver disease in Europe, North and South America and Asia – and to share the latest information on evolving approaches to diagnosis and treatment. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the current topics of interest in the field, and provides clinical guidance on NAFLD through a multidisciplinary approach based on the latest scientific understanding of this multisystemic disease, involving the expertise of specialists including hepatologists, diabetologists, and cardiologists. The respective contributions address various aspects, including the newly released international guidelines, novel diagnostic modalities, and new experimental drugs. The work will appeal to a broad readership, from residents in internal medicine to specialists.​

Variceal Hemorrhage

Author : Roberto de Franchis,Alessandra Dell’Era
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-01-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493900022

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Variceal Hemorrhage by Roberto de Franchis,Alessandra Dell’Era Pdf

Variceal Hemorrhage provides an update of the evidence concerning several aspects of variceal hemorrhage. The book features new information on natural history, diagnosis of esophageal varices, assessment of the risk of bleeding and identification of high risk groups and patients who may benefit or be harmed from different treatments. The volume also presents a critical analysis of the different steps in the management of acute variceal bleeding. Authored by the most prominent world experts in their areas of expertise, Variceal Hemorrhage serves as a very useful reference for gastroenterologists, GI surgeons, residents in internal medicine and physicians dealing with and interested in the different aspects of this severe medical emergency.

Liver Disease in Children

Author : Frederick J. Suchy,Ronald J. Sokol,William F. Balistreri
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 995 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2007-05-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781139464031

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Liver Disease in Children by Frederick J. Suchy,Ronald J. Sokol,William F. Balistreri Pdf

Completely revised new edition of the premier reference on pediatric liver disease. Liver Disease in Children, 3rd Edition provides authoritative coverage of every aspect of liver disease affecting infants, children, and adolescents. The book offers an integrated approach to the science and clinical practice of pediatric hepatology and charts the substantial progress in understanding and treating these diseases. Chapters are written by international experts and address the unique pathophysiology, manifestations, and management of these disorders in the pediatric population. The third edition has been thoroughly updated and features new contributions on liver development, cholestatic and autoimmune disorders, fatty liver disease, and inborn errors of metabolism. With the continued evolution of pediatric hepatology as a discipline, this text remains an essential reference for all physicians involved in the care of children with liver disease.

Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Author : Andrew J. Krentz,Christian Weyer,Marcus Hompesch
Publisher : Springer
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2019-04-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030117481

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Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Andrew J. Krentz,Christian Weyer,Marcus Hompesch Pdf

This book aims to aid the selection of the most appropriate methods for use in early phase (1 and 2) clinical studies of new drugs for diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related cardiometabolic disorders. Clinical research methods to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of new diabetes drugs, e.g. the euglycemic clamp technique, have become well-established in proof-of-mechanism studies. However, selection of the most appropriate techniques is by no means straightforward. Moreover, the application of such methods must conform to the regulatory requirements for new drugs. This book discusses the need for new pharmacotherapies for diabetes, obesity and NAFLD and the molecular targets of drugs currently in development. Emerging technologies including functional imaging, circulating biomarkers and omics are considered together with practical and ethical issues pertaining to early phase clinical trials in subjects with cardiometabolic disorders. Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is of interest to biomedical scientists, pharmacologists, academics involved in metabolic research and clinicians practicing in these specialties.

Liver Research and Clinical Management

Author : Luis Rodrigo
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789230901

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Liver Research and Clinical Management by Luis Rodrigo Pdf

Hepatology is the medical specialty that studies the normal functioning of the liver and its diseases. It has experienced a steady progress in recent decades, as well as occurred in other medical specialties. It deals with the acute and chronic inflammatory processes of the liver, among which is the viral hepatitis. Recently, very effective drugs have been introduced in this field that achieves the elimination of the hepatitis C virus in the great majority of patients. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis has increased markedly worldwide especially in Western countries in relation to overweight, diabetes, and other metabolic conditions. Cirrhosis and its complications are better managed, and patients live longer, thanks also to the earlier detection of hepatocarcinoma and the generalization of the use of liver transplants. This book deals with all of these interesting topics, thanks to the excellent collaboration of a great group of specialists that have collaborated with their knowledge and expertise in this edition.

Liver Cirrhosis

Author : Georgios Tsoulfas
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789535133094

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Liver Cirrhosis by Georgios Tsoulfas Pdf

Liver cirrhosis represents one of the major challenges for most physicians and surgeons on a global scale. This book provides practicing hepatologists, gastroenterologists and liver surgeons with a valuable tool in their efforts to understand the (molecular) mechanisms involved, be updated regarding the newest and less invasive diagnostic methods, and educate themselves about the challenges involved in the management of liver cirrhosis and its complications. The authors of this book represent a team of true global experts on the topic. In addition to the knowledge shared, the authors provide their personal clinical experience on a variety of different aspects of liver cirrhosis, giving us a well-rounded overview.