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Nordic Seabird Colony Databases by Nordisk Ministerråd Pdf
Internationally important seabird resources are found in the Nordic countries (Greenland, Faeroes, Iceland, Jan Mayen, and Svalbard). To fulfill a recommendation of the Arctic Nordic Action Plan 1999, a project was carried out to harmonize databases for seabird colonies. Number of seabird species in these countries is 30, the number of colony sites may be 10,000, often more than one species at same site, and the total breeding pairs is estimated c. 50 million. A harmonized database format for seabird colonies was established, with 3 main tables, colony descriptions, colony survey data, study plot information. Linked are tables with references, observers, and photo documentation. The program can be downloaded free from: ftp://ftp.npolar.no/Out/Hallvard/. The manual is in the report appendix. The format harmonization is the first step in work on seabird colony databases. Harmonization enables common analyses over larger regions than hitherto possible, e.g. scientific assessments of species (colony details, geographic location, colony size, trend data, etc.) and conservation status overviews. Seabird colony data need to be incorporated into conservation policies. The databases are only as good as the data stored, many colonies remain unregistered, not censused, and fieldwork needs to be intensified. Each country maintains, updates, and corrects their databases, adding details lacking (habitat type, colony distribution, conservation status, land ownership, etc.).
Internationally important seabird resources are found in the Nordic countries (Greenland, Faeroes, Iceland, Jan Mayen, and Svalbard). To fulfill a recommendation of the Arctic Nordic Action Plan 1999, a project was carried out to harmonize databases for seabird colonies. Number of seabird species in these countries is 30, the number of colony sites may be 10,000, often more than one species at same site, and the total breeding pairs is estimated c. 50 million. A harmonized database format for seabird colonies was established, with 3 main tables, colony descriptions, colony survey data, study plot information. Linked are tables with references, observers, and photo documentation. The program can be downloaded free from: ftp://ftp.npolar.no/Out/Hallvard/. The manual is in the report appendix. The format harmonization is the first step in work on seabird colony databases. Harmonization enables common analyses over larger regions than hitherto possible, e.g. scientific assessments of species (colony details, geographic location, colony size, trend data, etc.) and conservation status overviews. Seabird colony data need to be incorporated into conservation policies. The databases are only as good as the data stored, many colonies remain unregistered, not censused, and fieldwork needs to be intensified. Each country maintains, updates, and corrects their databases, adding details lacking (habitat type, colony distribution, conservation status, land ownership, etc.)
A comprehensive monograph on the Atlantic Puffin. With its colourful beak and fast, whirring flight, this is the most recognisable and popular of all North Atlantic seabirds. Puffins spend most of the year at sea, but for a few months of the year the come to shore, nesting in burrows on steep cliffs or on inaccessible islands. Awe-inspiring numbers of these birds can sometimes be seen bobbing on the sea or flying in vast wheels over the colony, bringing fish in their beaks back to the chicks. However, the species has declined sharply over the last decade; this is due to a collapse in fish stocks caused by overfishing and global warming, combined with an exponential increase in Pipefish (which can kill the chicks). The Puffin is a revised and expanded second edition of Poyser's 1984 title on these endearing birds, widely considered to be a Poyser classic. It includes sections on their affinities, nesting and incubation, movements, foraging ecology, survivorship, predation, and research methodology; particular attention is paid to conservation, with the species considered an important 'indicator' of the health of our coasts.
Climate Change and Arctic Sustainable Development by UNESCO Pdf
The Arctic is undergoing rapid and dramatic environmental and social transformations due to climate change. This has ramifications for the entire planet, as change spreads through interconnected global networks that are environmental, cultural, economic and political. Today, with the major thrust of research shifting away from deciphering causes and monitoring trends, the central preoccupation of a growing circle of actors has become the exploration of strategies for responding and adapting to climate change. But to understand the far-reaching nature of climate change impacts and the complexities of adaptation, a truly interdisciplinary approach is required. Unique in the UN system, UNESCO brings together the domains of natural sciences, social sciences,culture, education and communication. Given this broad mandate, UNESCO favors integrated approaches for monitoring and adapting to climate change in the Arctic, fostering dialogue among scientists, circumpolar communities and decision-makers. This book brings together the knowledge, concerns and visions of leading Arctic scientists in the natural and social sciences, prominent Chukchi, Even, Inuit and Saami leaders from across the circumpolar North, and international experts in education, health and ethics. They highlight the urgent need for a sustained interdisciplinary and multi-actor approach to monitoring, managing and responding to climate change in the Arctic, and explore avenues by which this can be achieved.--Publisher's description.
A common sight around the more northerly shores of the British Isles, the Common Eider is the largest duck in the northern hemisphere. The eider is particularly well adapted to cold-water environments; the insulating properties of eider down are iconic. The species is taxonomically interesting, with a range of well-marked subspecies reflecting the patterns of ice coverage during ancient glaciations, and these ducks have also provided the focus for a number of important behavioural studies, especially on feeding ecology and energy budgets. Eiders have a long association with humans, and have deep cultural significance in many societies. However, modern lifestyles are exposing these ducks to a wide range of new pressures. This monograph provides a comprehensive portrait of the Common Eider; authors Chris Waltho and John Coulson bring together an extensive and diverse international literature, with sections on taxonomy, habitats, breeding biology, population dynamics, diet and foraging, dispersal and migration, and conservation.
Catalog of Oregon Seabird Colonies by Maura B. Naughton,David S. Pitkin,Roy W. Lowe,Khemarith J. So,Craig S. Strong Pdf
The rocky islands and rugged habitats of the outer Oregon coast and the low flat islands of the Columbia River estuary provide habitat for approximately 1.3 million nesting seabirds representing 15 species. Current and historical information on colony locations and estimates of breeding seabirds were compiled into databases, for all known seabird colonies in Oregon. A total of 393 colonies were identified, and maps and data tables for each colony are presented in this catalog. Specific information regarding date, observers, type of survey, quality of the estimate, and source of the data are provided for each record. The geographic scope of this catalog encompasses seabird colonies in marine and estuarine environments. The waters off the Oregon coast are part of the California Current System, one of the most productive marine habitats in the world. The rugged coast encompasses large expanses of rocky shorelines, islands, and offshore sea stacks, which provide nesting habitat for seabirds. This Catalog of Oregon Seabird Colonies presents a detailed record of seabird nesting sites along the Oregon coast. For each of the 393 sites identified in this catalog, the location, species composition, and abundance of breeding birds are presented. Survey data from 1901 to 2004 are included. Approximately 1.3 million seabirds, representing 15 species, nest in the state (Table 1, Figure 1). This represents approximately half of the seabirds breeding along the west coast of the conterminous United States, including two species (scientific names are in Table 1) of storm-petrels (Leach's and Forktailed), three species of cormorants (Double-crested, Brandt's, and Pelagic), three species of gulls (Western, Glaucous-winged, and Ring-billed), one tern species (Caspian), and six species of alcids (Common Murre, Pigeon Guillemot, Marbled Murrelet, Cassin's Auklet, Rhinoceros Auklet, and Tufted Puffin). One shorebird species (Black Oystercatcher) is also included because of its strong affiliation with marine habitats and the high degree of overlap between seabird and Black Oystercatcher nesting sites. This catalog it restricted to seabird species that breed along the coast and in the lower estuaries within Oregon state boundaries. Along the Pacific coast, seabird colony catalogs have been published for Alaska (Sowls et al. 1978), California (Sowls et al. 1980), and Washington (Speich and Wahl 1989). Similar catalogs of colonies in British Columbia, Canada have also been published (Drent and Guiguet 1961, Campbell et al. 1990). The first comprehensive survey of Oregon seabird colonies was conducted in 1979 (Varoujean and Pitman 1980) and a draft catalog was prepared (Pitman et al. 1985), but never published. Another complete survey of Oregon colonies was conducted in 1988. In addition to these comprehensive surveys, numerous other surveys of specific species at specific colonies have been completed, including, since 1988, annual aerial photographic surveys of Brandt's and Double-crested cormorants and Common Murres (all colonies have been photographed annually and a subsample of the colonies have been counted; see Methods), and a coast-wide survey of cormorant colonies in 2003. This catalog provides a compilation of current and historic seabird colony information. This catalog was designed primarily to provide biologists, resource managers, regulatory agencies, and researchers with the best available data on the size and location of Oregon seabird colonies, in a standardized format. The information compiled here serves as a baseline of recent and historic distribution and abundance of breeding seabirds in the state. In the event of an oil spill or other catastrophic occurrence, this catalog can provide quick reference to concentrations of breeding seabirds. The catalog will also be useful to community planners and members of the general public interested in increasing their understanding of Oregon's diverse seabird community.
Seabird Monitoring Handbook for Britain and Ireland by P. M. Walsh Pdf
Designed for fieldworkers, this handbook introduces the science of monitoring seabird colonies, a discussion of general methods, and instructions for monitoring gulls, terns, auks, cormorant, shag, fulmar, Manx shearwater, gannet and skuas, including illustrations of different stages of chick development.
In the last few years there has been an excltmg upsurge in seabird research. There are several reasons for this. Man's increased ex ploitation of natural resources has led to a greater awareness of the potential conflicts with seabirds, and of the use of seabirds to indicate the damage we might be doing to our environment. Many seabird populations have increased dramatically in numbers and so seem more likely to conflict with man, for example through competition for food or transmission of diseases. Oil exploration and production has resulted in major studies of seabird distributions and ecology in relation to oil pollution. The possibility that seabirds may provide information on fish stock biology is now being critically investigated. Some seabird species have suffered serious declines in numbers and require conservation action to be taken to reduce the chances that they will become extinct. This requires an understanding of the factors determining their population size and dynamics.
Report to Senior Arctic Affairs Officials of the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy by Program for the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna Pdf
Micro-and macro-plastics in marine species from Nordic waters by Inger Lise N. Bråte, Bastian Huwer,Kevin V. Thomas,David P. Eidsvoll, Claudia Halsband,Bethanie Carney Almroth,Amy Lusher Pdf
This report summarises the knowledge on plastics in Nordic marine species. Nordic biota interacts with plastic pollution, through entanglement and ingestion. Ingestion has been found in many seabirds and also in stranded mammals. Ingestion of plastics has been documented in 14 fish species, which many of them are of ecology and commercially importance. Microplastics have also been found in blue mussels and preliminary studies found synthetic fibres in marine worms. Comparability between and within studies of plastic ingestion by biota from the Nordic environment and other regions are difficult as there are: few studies and different methods are used. It is important that research is directed towards the knowledge gaps highlighted in this report, to get a better understanding on plastic ingestion and impact on biota from the Nordic marine environment.
Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Global and Sectoral Aspects by Christopher B. Field,Vicente R. Barros Pdf
This latest Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC will again form the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences.
