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Malcolmson identifies changes in those realities and our perceptions, and misperceptions, of them. He considers humanity's new technologies and our efforts to manage and understand them, especially as they relate to war and peace. Placing all in a historical context, Malcolmson analyses the politics of the nuclear arms race in relation to the international political culture of the past forty years. From this analysis he creates historical depth for contemporary issues and a perspective from which we can decide how to deal with nuclear energy in the future.
The author takes issue with the complacent belief that a happy mixture of deterrence, arms control and luck will enable humanity to cope adequately with weapons of mass destruction, arguing that the risks are ever more serious.
Author : Keith B. Payne Publisher : University Press of Kentucky Page : 228 pages File Size : 51,7 Mb Release : 2021-03-17 Category : History ISBN : 9780813160238
The Fallacies of Cold War Deterrence and a New Direction by Keith B. Payne Pdf
In 1938, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain hoped that a policy of appeasement would satisfy Adolf Hitler's territorial appetite and structured British policy accordingly. This plan was a failure, chiefly because Hitler was not a statesman who would ultimately conform to familiar norms. Chamberlain's policy was doomed because he had greatly misjudged Hitler's basic beliefs and thus his behavior. U.S. Cold War nuclear deterrence policy was similarly based on the confident but questionable assumption that Soviet leaders would be rational by Washington's standards; they would behave reasonably when presented with nuclear threats. The United States assumed that any sane challenger would be deterred from severe provocations because not to do so would be foolish. Keith B. Payne addresses the question of whether this line of reasoning is adequate for the post-Cold War period. By analyzing past situations and a plausible future scenario, a U.S.-Chinese crisis over Taiwan, he proposes that American policymakers move away from the assumption that all our opponents are comfortably predictable by the standards of our own culture. In order to avoid unexpected and possibly disastrous failures of deterrence, he argues, we should closely examine particular opponents' culture and beliefs in order to better anticipate their likely responses to U.S. deterrence threats.
Now a National Bestseller! Climate change is real but it’s not the end of the world. It is not even our most serious environmental problem. Michael Shellenberger has been fighting for a greener planet for decades. He helped save the world’s last unprotected redwoods. He co-created the predecessor to today’s Green New Deal. And he led a successful effort by climate scientists and activists to keep nuclear plants operating, preventing a spike of emissions. But in 2019, as some claimed “billions of people are going to die,” contributing to rising anxiety, including among adolescents, Shellenberger decided that, as a lifelong environmental activist, leading energy expert, and father of a teenage daughter, he needed to speak out to separate science from fiction. Despite decades of news media attention, many remain ignorant of basic facts. Carbon emissions peaked and have been declining in most developed nations for over a decade. Deaths from extreme weather, even in poor nations, declined 80 percent over the last four decades. And the risk of Earth warming to very high temperatures is increasingly unlikely thanks to slowing population growth and abundant natural gas. Curiously, the people who are the most alarmist about the problems also tend to oppose the obvious solutions. What’s really behind the rise of apocalyptic environmentalism? There are powerful financial interests. There are desires for status and power. But most of all there is a desire among supposedly secular people for transcendence. This spiritual impulse can be natural and healthy. But in preaching fear without love, and guilt without redemption, the new religion is failing to satisfy our deepest psychological and existential needs.
Nuclear Power and Public Policy by Kristin Shrader-Frechette Pdf
This book grew out of projects funded by the Kentucky Human ities Council in 1974 and. 1975 and by the Environmental Protec tion Agency in 1976 and 1977. As a result of the generosity of these two agencies, I was able to study the logical, methodological, and ethical assumptions inherent in the decision to utilize nuclear fission for generating electricity. Since both grants gave me the opportunity to survey public policy-making, I discovered that there were critical lacunae in allegedly comprehensive analyses of various energy technologies. Ever since this discovery, one of my goals has been to fill one of these gaps by writing a well-docu mented study of some neglected social and ethical questions regarding nuclear power. Although many assessments of atomic energy written by en vironmentalists are highly persuasive, they often also are overly emotive and question-begging. Sometimes they employ what seem to be correct ethical conclusions, but they do so largely in an in tuitive, rather than a closely-reasoned, manner. On the other hand, books and reports written by nuclear proponents, often Under government contract, almost always ignore the social and ethical aspects of energy decision-making; they focus instead only on a purely scientific assessment of fission generation of electricity. What the energy debate needs, I believe, are more studies which aim at ethical analysis and which avoid unsubstantiated assertions. I hope that these essays are steps in that direction.
Detected fallacies in President George W. Bush`s speech by Nicholas Haase Pdf
Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,0, University of Göttingen (Seminar für Englische Philologie), course: Semantics and Pragmatics II: Coherence, language: English, abstract: In contrast to logical fallacies, which are independent of content, fallacies of content usually require specific factual knowledge to be revealed. They are not faulty because of their structure, but on account of their questionable content. The following term paper will be concerned with a piece of argumentative prose, which shall be analyzed for the various fallacies based on Patrick J. Hurley's A Concise Introduction To Logic. The major focus therefore shall be on the detection of fallacies of content. First, I am going to discuss in detail which kind of factual knowledge has led me to diagnose the fallacies that appear in the text. Secondly, I will explain why an uniformed reader might fall victim to the claims in my chosen text. ... 3. Dedected fallacies in Bush`s speech 3.1 Appeal to pity Bush starts off his speech with an appeal to pity by asking for the UN's sympathy. He reminds them “to remember the innocent lives taken that terrible morning “being killed by the terrorist attack from 9/11. As a conclusion he poses that they have to “turn to the urgent duty of protecting other lives, without illusion and without fear.“ So Bush attempts to support a conclusion, war against Iraq, by evoking pity through reminding his audience of the terrible terrorist attacks from 9/11. He claerly uses the appeal to pity since the declaring of war on Iraq has nothing to do with the great losses the USA had to endure on 9/11. And therefore it does not become clear why the United Nations have to take immediate steps against Iraq. The appeal to pity fallacy which is committed by Bush is shown in the following illustration: 2
Weapons of Mass Destruction and International Order by William Walker Pdf
First Published in 2005. How should the 'problem of order' associated with weapons of mass destrcution be understood and addressed today? Have the problem and its solution been misconceived and misrepresented, as manifested by the problematic aftermath of Iraq War? Has 9/11 rendered redundant past international ordering strategies, or these still discarded at our own peril? These are questions explored in this Adelphi Paper.
Fred Solomon,Robert Q. Marston,Lewis Thomas,Steering Committee for the Symposium on the Medical Implications of Nuclear War,Institute of Medicine
Author : Fred Solomon,Robert Q. Marston,Lewis Thomas,Steering Committee for the Symposium on the Medical Implications of Nuclear War,Institute of Medicine Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 609 pages File Size : 54,5 Mb Release : 1986-01-15 Category : Science ISBN : 0309078660
The Medical Implications of Nuclear War by Fred Solomon,Robert Q. Marston,Lewis Thomas,Steering Committee for the Symposium on the Medical Implications of Nuclear War,Institute of Medicine Pdf
Written by world-renowned scientists, this volume portrays the possible direct and indirect devastation of human health from a nuclear attack. The most comprehensive work yet produced on this subject, The Medical Implications of Nuclear War includes an overview of the potential environmental and physical effects of nuclear bombardment, describes the problems of choosing who among the injured would get the scarce medical care available, addresses the nuclear arms race from a psychosocial perspective, and reviews the medical needs--in contrast to the medical resources likely to be available--after a nuclear attack. "It should serve as the definitive statement on the consequences of nuclear war."--Arms Control Today
