Numerical Modeling Of Covid 19 Neurological Effects

Author : William Schiesser
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-26
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781000509953

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Numerical Modeling of COVID-19 Neurological Effects by William Schiesser Pdf

Covid-19 is primarily a respiratory disease which results in impaired oxygenation of blood. The O2-deficient blood then moves through the body, and for the study in this book, the focus is on the blood flowing to the brain. The dynamics of blood flow along the brain capillaries and tissue is modeled as systems of ordinary and partial differential equations (ODE/PDEs). The ODE/PDE methodology is presented through a series of examples, 1. A basic one PDE model for O2 concentration in the brain capillary blood. 2. A two PDE model for O2 concentration in the brain capillary blood and in the brain tissue, with O2 transport across the blood brain barrier (BBB). 3. The two model extended to three PDEs to include the brain functional neuron cell density. Cognitive impairment could result from reduced neuron cell density in time and space (in the brain) that follows from lowered O2 concentration (hypoxia). The computer-based implementation of the example models is presented through routines coded (programmed) in R, a quality, open-source scientific computing system that is readily available from the Internet. Formal mathematics is minimized, e.g., no theorems and proofs. Rather, the presentation is through detailed examples that the reader/researcher/analyst can execute on modest computers. The PDE analysis is based on the method of lines (MOL), an established general algorithm for PDEs, implemented with finite differences. The routines are available from a download link so that the example models can be executed without having to first study numerical methods and computer coding. The routines can then be applied to variations and extensions of the blood/brain hypoxia models, such as changes in the ODE/PDE parameters (constants) and form of the model equations.

Author : William Schiesser
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-27
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 1003243053

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Numerical Modeling of COVID-19 Neurological Effects by William Schiesser Pdf

Covid-19 is primarily a respiratory disease which results in impaired oxygenation of blood. The O2-deficient blood then moves through the body, and for the study in this book, the focus is on the blood flowing to the brain. The dynamics of blood flow along the brain capillaries and tissue is modeled as systems of ordinary and partial differential equations (ODE/PDEs). The ODE/PDE methodology is presented through a series of examples, 1. A basic one PDE model for O2 concentration in the brain capillary blood. 2. A two PDE model for O2 concentration in the brain capillary blood and in the brain tissue, with O2 transport across the blood brain barrier (BBB). 3. The two model extended to three PDEs to include the brain functional neuron cell density. Cognitive impairment could result from reduced neuron cell density in time and space (in the brain) that follows from lowered O2 concentration (hypoxia). The computer-based implementation of the example models is presented through routines coded (programmed) in R, a quality, open-source scientific computing system that is readily available from the Internet. Formal mathematics is minimized, e.g., no theorems and proofs. Rather, the presentation is through detailed examples that the reader/researcher/analyst can execute on modest computers. The PDE analysis is based on the method of lines (MOL), an established general algorithm for PDEs, implemented with finite differences. The routines are available from a download link so that the example models can be executed without having to first study numerical methods and computer coding. The routines can then be applied to variations and extensions of the blood/brain hypoxia models, such as changes in the ODE/PDE parameters (constants) and form of the model equations.

Author : Amy Neustein,Nathaniel Christen
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323853569

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Innovative Data Integration and Conceptual Space Modeling for COVID, Cancer, and Cardiac Care by Amy Neustein,Nathaniel Christen Pdf

In recent years, scientific research and translation medicine have placed increased emphasis on computational methodology and data curation across many disciplines, both to advance underlying science and to instantiate precision-medicine protocols in the lab and in clinical practice. The nexus of concerns related to oncology, cardiology, and virology (SARS-CoV-2) presents a fortuitous context within which to examine the theory and practice of biomedical data curation. Innovative Data Integration and Conceptual Space Modeling for COVID, Cancer, and Cardiac Care argues that a well-rounded approach to data modeling should optimally embrace multiple perspectives inasmuch as data-modeling is neither a purely formal nor a purely conceptual discipline, but rather a hybrid of both. On the one hand, data models are designed for use by computer software components, and are, consequently, constrained by the mechanistic demands of software environments; data modeling strategies must accept the formal rigors imposed by unambiguous data-sharing and query-evaluation logic. In particular, data models are not well-suited for software-level deployment if such models do not translate seamlessly to clear strategies for querying data and ensuring data integrity as information is moved across multiple points. On the other hand, data modeling is, likewise, constrained by human conceptual tendencies, because the information which is managed by databases and data networks is ultimately intended to be visualized/utilized by humans as the end-user. Thus, at the intersection of both formal and humanistic methodology, data modeling takes on elements of both logico-mathematical frameworks (e.g., type systems and graph theory) and conceptual/philosophical paradigms (e.g., linguistics and cognitive science). The authors embrace this two-sided aspect of data models by seeking non-reductionistic points of convergence between formal and humanistic/conceptual viewpoints, and by leveraging biomedical contexts (viz., COVID, Cancer, and Cardiac Care) so as to provide motivating examples and case-studies in this volume. Provides an analysis of how conceptual spaces and related cognitive linguistic approaches can inspire programming and query-processing models Outlines the vital role that data modeling/curation has played in significant medical breakthroughs Presents readers with an overview of how information-management approaches intersect with precision medicine, providing case studies of data-modeling in concrete scientific practice Explores applications of image analysis and computer vision in the context of precision medicine Examines the role of technology in scientific publishing, replication studies, and dataset curation

Author : Dean T. Jamison,Hellen Gelband,Susan Horton,Prabhat Jha,Charles N. Mock,Rachel Nugent
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464805288

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 9) by Dean T. Jamison,Hellen Gelband,Susan Horton,Prabhat Jha,Charles N. Mock,Rachel Nugent Pdf

As the culminating volume in the DCP3 series, volume 9 will provide an overview of DCP3 findings and methods, a summary of messages and substantive lessons to be taken from DCP3, and a further discussion of cross-cutting and synthesizing topics across the first eight volumes. The introductory chapters (1-3) in this volume take as their starting point the elements of the Essential Packages presented in the overview chapters of each volume. First, the chapter on intersectoral policy priorities for health includes fiscal and intersectoral policies and assembles a subset of the population policies and applies strict criteria for a low-income setting in order to propose a "highest-priority" essential package. Second, the chapter on packages of care and delivery platforms for universal health coverage (UHC) includes health sector interventions, primarily clinical and public health services, and uses the same approach to propose a highest priority package of interventions and policies that meet similar criteria, provides cost estimates, and describes a pathway to UHC.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on the Diagnostic Criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309316927

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Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Institute of Medicine,Board on the Health of Select Populations,Committee on the Diagnostic Criteria for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Pdf

Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) are serious, debilitating conditions that affect millions of people in the United States and around the world. ME/CFS can cause significant impairment and disability. Despite substantial efforts by researchers to better understand ME/CFS, there is no known cause or effective treatment. Diagnosing the disease remains a challenge, and patients often struggle with their illness for years before an identification is made. Some health care providers have been skeptical about the serious physiological - rather than psychological - nature of the illness. Once diagnosed, patients often complain of receiving hostility from their health care provider as well as being subjected to treatment strategies that exacerbate their symptoms. Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome proposes new diagnostic clinical criteria for ME/CFS and a new term for the illness - systemic exertion intolerance disease(SEID). According to this report, the term myalgic encephalomyelitis does not accurately describe this illness, and the term chronic fatigue syndrome can result in trivialization and stigmatization for patients afflicted with this illness. Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome stresses that SEID is a medical - not a psychiatric or psychological - illness. This report lists the major symptoms of SEID and recommends a diagnostic process.One of the report's most important conclusions is that a thorough history, physical examination, and targeted work-up are necessary and often sufficient for diagnosis. The new criteria will allow a large percentage of undiagnosed patients to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care. Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome will be a valuable resource to promote the prompt diagnosis of patients with this complex, multisystem, and often devastating disorder; enhance public understanding; and provide a firm foundation for future improvements in diagnosis and treatment.

Author : Alberto Priori
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9791280325372

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Neurology of Covid-19 by Alberto Priori Pdf

The authors will present a comprehensive account of the neurological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim is to provide a practical clinical book which will serve as a guide for clinicians from all specialties involved in the management of COVID-19 patients. The authors share the extensive clinical experience gained in major hospitals in Lombardy, the first European region to face the COVID-19 emergency in 2020. All are recognized international experts in their respective fields and have been involved in the management of COVID-19 cases from the very beginning of the Italian SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The text begins with a description of pathobiological and pathophysiological aspects related to the involvement of the nervous system, moving on to the discussion of the neurological complications observed in COVID-19 patients; these range from central to peripheral symptoms, and can occur in the acute or post-acute phases of the disease. Further topics are: neuropathology, seizures and EEG, neuroimaging, delirium, encephalomyelitis, stroke, psychopathology and psychiatry, neuropsychology and cognitive impairment, neuromuscu-lar disorders, and the impact of COVID-19 on other pre-existing neurological disorders. In addi-tion, the book will discuss the new developments in teleneurology approaches, which have been a direct response to the ongoing pandemic. Finally, the possible neurological complications of the COVID-19 vaccines and the neurological complications in children will be considered.Each chapter will present a critical review of the existing literature concerning the specific subject matter, followed by practical clinical recommendations, as well as personal considerations based on the experience gained by each author during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurology of COVID-19 will be an original and innovative reference book for clinicians of all the specialties involved in the management of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Author : Cheng-Yang Hsieh,Jordi A. Matias-Guiu,Jesús Porta-Etessam,Sheng-Feng Sung,Tomohisa Nezu,Ricardo F. Allegri,Shen-Yang Lim,Giovanni Assenza
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782889719976

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Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Care for Neurological Conditions by Cheng-Yang Hsieh,Jordi A. Matias-Guiu,Jesús Porta-Etessam,Sheng-Feng Sung,Tomohisa Nezu,Ricardo F. Allegri,Shen-Yang Lim,Giovanni Assenza Pdf

Author : Vaclav Skala,T. P. Singh,Tanupriya Choudhury,Ravi Tomar,Md. Abul Bashar
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 909 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2022-08-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811923470

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Machine Intelligence and Data Science Applications by Vaclav Skala,T. P. Singh,Tanupriya Choudhury,Ravi Tomar,Md. Abul Bashar Pdf

This book is a compilation of peer reviewed papers presented at International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Data Science Applications (MIDAS 2021), held in Comilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh during 26 – 27 December 2021. The book covers applications in various fields like image processing, natural language processing, computer vision, sentiment analysis, speech and gesture analysis, etc. It also includes interdisciplinary applications like legal, healthcare, smart society, cyber physical system and smart agriculture, etc. The book is a good reference for computer science engineers, lecturers/researchers in machine intelligence discipline and engineering graduates.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2004-04-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309182157

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Learning from SARS by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than 25 other countries within a matter of months. In addition to the number of patients infected with the SARS virus, the disease had profound economic and political repercussions in many of the affected regions. Recent reports of isolated new SARS cases and a fear that the disease could reemerge and spread have put public health officials on high alert for any indications of possible new outbreaks. This report examines the response to SARS by public health systems in individual countries, the biology of the SARS coronavirus and related coronaviruses in animals, the economic and political fallout of the SARS epidemic, quarantine law and other public health measures that apply to combating infectious diseases, and the role of international organizations and scientific cooperation in halting the spread of SARS. The report provides an illuminating survey of findings from the epidemic, along with an assessment of what might be needed in order to contain any future outbreaks of SARS or other emerging infections.

Author : Harendra Singh,Jagdev Singh,Sunil Dutt Purohit,Devendra Kumar
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-25
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781000381115

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Advanced Numerical Methods for Differential Equations by Harendra Singh,Jagdev Singh,Sunil Dutt Purohit,Devendra Kumar Pdf

Mathematical models are used to convert real-life problems using mathematical concepts and language. These models are governed by differential equations whose solutions make it easy to understand real-life problems and can be applied to engineering and science disciplines. This book presents numerical methods for solving various mathematical models. This book offers real-life applications, includes research problems on numerical treatment, and shows how to develop the numerical methods for solving problems. The book also covers theory and applications in engineering and science. Engineers, mathematicians, scientists, and researchers working on real-life mathematical problems will find this book useful.

Author : Zisis Kozlakidis,Denise L. Doolan,Shen-Ying Zhang,Yasuko Tsunetsugu Yokota,Tatsuo Shioda,Rukhsana Ahmed,Mohan Jyoti Dutta,Ata Murat Kaynar,Michael Kogut,Hannah Bradby,Slobodan Paessler,Alex Rodriguez-Palacios,Alexis M. Kalergis,Longxiang Su,Abdallah Samy,Zhongheng Zhang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 1127 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832522301

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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Management and Public Health Response (volume I.B) by Zisis Kozlakidis,Denise L. Doolan,Shen-Ying Zhang,Yasuko Tsunetsugu Yokota,Tatsuo Shioda,Rukhsana Ahmed,Mohan Jyoti Dutta,Ata Murat Kaynar,Michael Kogut,Hannah Bradby,Slobodan Paessler,Alex Rodriguez-Palacios,Alexis M. Kalergis,Longxiang Su,Abdallah Samy,Zhongheng Zhang Pdf

Volume I.B An outbreak of a respiratory disease first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and the causative agent was discovered in January 2020 to be a novel betacoronovirus of the same subgenus as SARS-CoV and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly disseminated worldwide, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe pneumonia and a fatality rate estimated around 2%. Person to person transmission is occurring both in the community and healthcare settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently declared the COVID-19 epidemic a public health emergency of international concern. The ongoing outbreak presents many clinical and public health management challenges due to limited understanding of viral pathogenesis, risk factors for infection, natural history of disease including clinical presentation and outcomes, prognostic factors for severe illness, period of infectivity, modes and extent of virus inter-human transmission, as well as effective preventive measures and public health response and containment interventions. There are no antiviral treatment nor vaccine available but fast track research and development efforts including clinical therapeutic trials are ongoing across the world. Managing this serious epidemic requires the appropriate deployment of limited human resources across all cadres of health care and public health staff, including clinical, laboratory, managerial and epidemiological data analysis and risk assessment experts. It presents challenges around public communication and messaging around risk, with the potential for misinformation and disinformation. Therefore, integrated operational research and intervention, learning from experiences across different fields and settings should contribute towards better understanding and managing COVID-19. This Research Topic aims to highlight interdisciplinary research approaches deployed during the COVID-19 epidemic, addressing knowledge gaps and generating evidence for its improved management and control. It will incorporate critical, theoretically informed and empirically grounded original research contributions using diverse approaches, experimental, observational and intervention studies, conceptual framing, expert opinions and reviews from across the world. The Research Topic proposes a multi-dimensional approach to improving the management of COVID-19 with scientific contributions from all areas of virology, immunology, clinical microbiology, epidemiology, therapeutics, communications as well as infection prevention and public health risk assessment and management studies.

Author : Sanjay Gupta
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-01-05
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781501166754

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Keep Sharp by Sanjay Gupta Pdf

Keep your brain young, healthy, and sharp with this science-driven guide to protecting your mind from decline by neurosurgeon and CNN chief medical correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta. Throughout our life, we look for ways to keep our minds sharp and effortlessly productive. Now, globetrotting neurosurgeon Dr. Sanjay Gupta offers “the book all of us need, young and old” (Walter Isaacson, #1 New York Times bestselling author of The Code Breaker) with insights from top scientists all over the world, whose cutting-edge research can help you heighten and protect brain function and maintain cognitive health at any age. Keep Sharp debunks common myths about aging and mental decline, explores whether there’s a “best” diet or exercise regimen for the brain, and explains whether it’s healthier to play video games that test memory and processing speed, or to engage in more social interaction. Discover what we can learn from “super-brained” people who are in their eighties and nineties with no signs of slowing down—and whether there are truly any benefits to drugs, supplements, and vitamins. Dr. Gupta also addresses brain disease, particularly Alzheimer’s, answers all your questions about the signs and symptoms, and shows how to ward against it and stay healthy while caring for a partner in cognitive decline. He likewise provides you with a personalized twelve-week program featuring practical strategies to strengthen your brain every day. Keep Sharp is the “must-read owner’s manual” (Arianna Huffington) you’ll need to keep your brain young and healthy regardless of your age!

Author : Dumitru Baleanu,José António Tenreiro Machado,Albert C. J. Luo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2011-11-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461404576

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Fractional Dynamics and Control by Dumitru Baleanu,José António Tenreiro Machado,Albert C. J. Luo Pdf

Fractional Dynamics and Control provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the areas of nonlinear dynamics, vibration and control with analytical, numerical, and experimental results. This book provides an overview of recent discoveries in fractional control, delves into fractional variational principles and differential equations, and applies advanced techniques in fractional calculus to solving complicated mathematical and physical problems.Finally, this book also discusses the role that fractional order modeling can play in complex systems for engineering and science.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 483 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309459570

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Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse Pdf

Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Author : Axel Kramer,Wolfgang Behrens-Baumann
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783805573160

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Antiseptic Prophylaxis and Therapy in Ocular Infections by Axel Kramer,Wolfgang Behrens-Baumann Pdf

This volume collects for the first time interdisciplinary findings in ophthalmology concerning effectiveness and indications of antiseptics for the prophylaxis and therapy of infections. The first part discusses the use of various antiseptics against colonization, contamination and infection of the eye caused by viruses, bacteria, fungus and protozoa in comparison to topical antibiotics. The spectrum of action, the risk of resistance of only microbiostatic active agents and the galenic requirements of antiseptics are included as well as the local and systemic tolerance. New data to iodophors, polyhexanide and magnesium monoperphthalate are presented, and, for the first time, microbiologic requirements of ocular antiseptics are defined. In the second part the current scientific knowledge of prophylaxis and therapeutic antisepsis is presented including Credé's prophylaxis and requirements in cornea banks. The final part is reserved for additional topics such as isolation techniques, hand hygiene, hygiene of contact lenses and microbiological diagnostics. To ophthalmologists, optometrists and opticians this book will give indispensable information on latest clinical and experimental findings in the field. It will also be essential reading to hygienists, microbiologists, infectionists, pharmacologists, pharmacists, and pediatricians interested in ophthalmologic issues.