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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Adulthood
ISBN : UCR:31210023431990
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Office of the Surgeon General
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : UCLA:L0083580142
Promotes the recognition, treatment, and prevention of conditions of overweight and obesity in the United States.
Author : Amelia Lake,Tim G. Townshend,Seraphim Alvanides
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-09
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781444347821
In a world where obesity has now reached epidemic proportions, a thorough understanding of the underlying causes of the problem is essential if society, public health initiatives and government policies are to successfully address the issue. The obesogenic environment describes all the possible influences that our environment presents which encourage overweight and obesity in individuals and populations. Beginning with an overarching introduction to obesity and its implications for health and wellbeing, the book will move on to consider such crucial areas as eating behaviours and food environments, physical activity and the environment, the urban environment, methods, policy and future research directions. Brings together expertise from across a range of disciplines Written by a truly multidisciplinary team of international authors Presents some of the most innovative thinking in the battle against obesity This groundbreaking book brings together for the first time the knowledge of experts with backgrounds in nutrition and dietetics, policy, epidemiology, environmental sciences, medical sciences, town planning and urban design, transport, geography and physical activity in order to offer a multidisciplinary approach to public health, suggesting new and exciting ways to shape our environment to better support healthful decisions.
Author : Tahereh Alavi Hojjat
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030784874
Much has been written about the economic causes of obesity, but this book offers a comprehensive and deep investigation of the causes and treatment of these issues in a single volume. In the second edition, the author expands upon the serious threat that obesity poses not only to our health, but also to our society. Obesity costs billions of dollars a year in lost productivity and medical expenses. The social distribution of obesity has changed over time. Obesity rates in the United States continue to worsen in parallel with income inequality. Socioeconomic groups with low personal capital, levels of education, and income have higher obesity rates. In fact, the rate of obesity has increased the fastest among low-income Americans. The disproportionate burden of obesity on the poor poses an economic challenge and an ethical imperative. The link between obesity, inactivity, and poverty may be too costly to ignore because obesity-associated chronic disease already accounts for 70% of US healthcare costs. Although economic and technological changes in the environment drove the obesity epidemic, the evidence for effective economic policies to prevent obesity remains limited. The new edition brings together a multitude of topics on obesity previously not discussed with a particular emphasis on the influence of poverty and income inequality on obesity including: Economic Analysis: Behavioral Patterns, Diet Choice, and the Role of Government Income and Wealth Inequality and Obesity Social Mobility and Health Food Policies, Government Interventions, and Reducing Poverty The Economics of Obesity is an essential text for readers interested in learning about the causes and consequences of obesity within a social context including students, academicians, and practitioners in public health, medicine, social sciences, and health economics, both in and outside of the United States. US and international policy-makers also will find the book a salient read in addressing the issues that contribute to the cycle of poverty, income inequality, and obesity.
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309217101
During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages -- cancer and cardiovascular disease -- available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which -- unlike randomized controlled trials -- are subject to many biases.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Children
ISBN : UCR:31210023432006
Author : WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2018-09-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789290618133
Overweight and obesity have become urgent global health issues in recent decades. Globally the number of overweight children under the age of 5 years has increased from 32 million in 2000 to 41 million in 2014 corresponding to an increase in prevalence from 5.0% to 6.1%. It is estimated that at the current pace by 2020 some 9% of all children under 5 years will be overweight. Furthermore an increase in adult obesity prevalence has been observed in all countries and globally the prevalence of obesity among adults has doubled from 1980 to 2014 from 5% to 11% for men and from 8% to 15% for women. Overweight and obesity were estimated to account for 3.4 million deaths annually and 93.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) 1 in 2010. The burden of overweight and obesity is inequitably distributed and affects some population groups and geographical areas more than others based on their social characteristics which are also inequitably distributed. Vulnerability to overweight and obesity might depend on for instance urban or rural residence socioeconomic status ethnicity or the geographical area where people live and their nutritional status in the first 1000 days of life. This report intends to assist policy-makers in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region by contributing to a better understanding of the unequal distribution of overweight and obesity in the Region and by providing policy options to address the social determinants of overweight and obesity. Identifying vulnerable population groups or areas can help policymakers programme managers and other actors to improve programme targeting and increase the effectiveness and improve the health and well-being of the most vulnerable.
Author : Lisa F. Berkman,Ichiro Kawachi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2000-03-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0195083318
This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Military Nutrition Research,Subcommittee on Military Weight Management
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2003-12-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309089968
The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2011-06-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309187428
At some point during 2009, more than 17 million households in the United States had difficulty providing enough food for all their members because of a lack of resources. In more than one-third of these households, the food intake of some household members was reduced and normal eating patterns were disrupted due to limited resources. The Workshop on Understanding the Relationship Between Food Insecurity and Obesity was held to explore the biological, economic, psychosocial, and other factors that may influence the relationship between food insecurity, overweight, and obesity in the United States. Hunger and Obesity examines current concepts and research findings in the field. The report identifies information gaps, proposes alternative approaches to analyzing data, recommends new data that should be collected, and addresses the limitations of the available research.
Author : Igor De Garine,Nancy J. Pollock
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-13
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781134316212
This collection of essays examines obesity not as an objective medical or psychological problem, but as a subjective social and cultural phenomenon. The contributors take a cross-cultural perspective, examining both the negative casting of obesity in developed countries and the traditional view of obesity as a positive characteristic in subsistence societies which is threatened by the dominance of Western culture.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on an Evidence Framework for Obesity Prevention Decision Making
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309149891
To battle the obesity epidemic in America, health care professionals and policymakers need relevant, useful data on the effectiveness of obesity prevention policies and programs. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention identifies a new approach to decision making and research on obesity prevention to use a systems perspective to gain a broader understanding of the context of obesity and the many factors that influence it.
Author : Katsunori Kondo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9811518335
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. This open access book is the first compilation that reviews a wide range of social determinants of health (SDHs) for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and healthy ageing in Japan. With the highest life expectancy and the largest elderly population in the world, Japan has witnessed health inequality by region and social class becoming more prevalent since the 2000s. The first half of this volume describes in detail major NCDs, such as cancers, heart and kidney diseases, diabetes, stroke, and metabolic syndrome. The second half, on the other hand, explores various SDHs relating to healthy ageing. All chapters review and focus on SDHs, particularly health inequality associated with socio-economic status and social capital, which are widely addressed in the field of social epidemiology. The book makes the argument that “Health for All” advocated by the WHO should be implemented based on social justice and benefits for the greater society. Public health researchers and policymakers, both in Japan and other nations, will gain scientific evidence from this book to prepare for the coming era as ageing becomes a global issue.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on Prevention of Obesity in Children and Youth
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2005-01-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309133401
Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Author : Frank Hu
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2008-03-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0199718474
During the past twenty years there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United States. An estimated thirty percent of adults in the US are obese; in 1980, only fifteen percent were. The issue is gaining greater attention with the CDC and with the public health world in general. This book will offer practical information about the methodology of epidemiologic studies of obesity, suitable for graduate students and researchers in epidemiology, and public health practitioners with an interest in the issue. The book will be structured in four main sections, with the majority of chapters authored by Dr. Hu, and some authored by specialists in specific areas. The first section will consider issues surrounding the definition of obesity, measurement techniques, and the designs of epidemiologic studies. The second section will address the consequences of obesity, looking at epidemiologic studies that focus on cardio-vascular disease, diabetes, and cancer The third section will look at determinants obesity, reviewing a wide range of risk factors for obesity including diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, sleep disorders, psychosocial factors, physical environment, biochemical and genetic predictors, and intrauterine exposures. In the final section, the author will discuss the analytical issues and challenges for epidemiologic studies of obesity.
