Ocean Acidification And Marine Wildlife

Author : Guangxu Liu
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128223314

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Ocean Acidification and Marine Wildlife by Guangxu Liu Pdf

Ocean Acidification and Marine Wildlife: Physiological and Behavioral Impacts provides comprehensive knowledge on how decreases in the pH of the world’s oceans is affecting marine organisms. The book synthesizes recent findings about the impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on marine animals, covering the physiological and behavioral effects upon marine invertebrates and vertebrates, the potential physiological and molecular mechanism affects, and interactions of OA with other environmental factors. Written by international experts in this research field, this book summarizes new discoveries of OA effects on fertilization, embryonic development, biomineralization, metabolism, immune response, foraging, anti-predation, habitat selection, and the social hierarchy of marine animals. This is an important resource for researchers and practitioners in marine conservation, marine wildlife studies, and climate change studies. In addition, it will serve as a valuable text for marine biology and animal science students. Examines the impacts of carbon dioxide increases in the world’s oceans relating to marine vertebrates and invertebrates Identifies environmental factors, including climate change and pollution and how they increase the negative effects of ocean acidification Facilitates a better understanding of ocean acidification effects for conservationism and future prevention

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Development of an Integrated Science Strategy for Ocean Acidification Monitoring
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2010-10-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309153591

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Ocean Acidification by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Development of an Integrated Science Strategy for Ocean Acidification Monitoring Pdf

The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.

Author : M Debora Iglesias-rodriguez
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781786347442

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Future Of Marine Life In A Changing Ocean, The: The Fate Of Marine Organisms And Processes Under Climate Change And Other Types Of Human Perturbation by M Debora Iglesias-rodriguez Pdf

This book brings together the state of our knowledge on the interactions between climate change and marine biota. It focusses broadly on the environmental stressors during the Anthropocene period; when human activities started to have a significant global impact on earth's geological imprint and ecosystems. This period of rapid change is accompanied by rising carbon dioxide levels, increasing global temperatures, loss of oxygen in aquatic systems, and the fast release of pollutants into the environment among many other environmental stressors originating from large scale human activities, such as widespread overfishing.The Future of Marine Life in a Changing Ocean starts by providing the reader with a brief background on fundamental concepts in ocean science and climate. It then moves on to a brief description of recent changes in marine chemistry such as ocean acidification, a decline in oxygen levels in the oceans, ocean warming, and marine pollution, with some examples of shifts in ecosystem diversity. The chapters discuss these topics in the context of how a changing ocean impacts ecosystem health, the biological carbon pump, the sequestration of carbon dioxide from the surface ocean into the deep sea, and the perceived notion of the ocean's unlimited resilience to maintain its role as a 'carbon reservoir'. Topics include threats to marine diversity, ecosystem function, latitudinal shifts in productivity and diversity, and changes in global cycling of elements such as carbon. It concludes with an analysis of the impact of climate change on food security.Written for undergraduate and graduate students, and researchers in the natural and social sciences, this book provides a science background to study environmental change in marine ecosystems as well as a science framework to study policy, marine law and the economics of climate change. This book is an essential read for anyone hoping to understand key challenges facing our oceans.

Author : Sergio Rossi,Lorenzo Bramanti,Andrea Gori,Covadonga Orejas
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-08-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319210114

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Marine Animal Forests by Sergio Rossi,Lorenzo Bramanti,Andrea Gori,Covadonga Orejas Pdf

During the last decades there has been an increasing evidence of drastic changes in marine ecosystems due to human-induced impacts, especially on benthic ecosystems. The so called “animal forests” are currently showing a dramatic loss of biomass and biodiversity all over the world. These communities are dominated by sessile suspension feeder organisms (such as sponges, corals, gorgonians, bivalves, etc.) that generate three-dimensional structures, similar to the trees in the terrestrial forest. The animal forest provide several ecosystem services such as food, protection and nursery to the associated fauna, playing an important role in the local hydrodynamic and biogeochemical cycles near the sea floor and acting also as carbon sinks. The present book focus its attention on these three dimensional animal structures including, for the first time, all the different types of animal forests of the world in a single volume.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Marine pollution
ISBN : UGA:32108049372793

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Guide to Best Practices for Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting by Anonim Pdf

Author : Philip Mladenov
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-02-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780198841715

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Marine Biology: a Very Short Introduction by Philip Mladenov Pdf

The oceans are our planet's most distinctive and imposing natural habitat. They cover 71 percent of its surface; support a remarkably diverse and exquisitely adapted array of life forms, from microscopic viruses, bacteria, and plankton to the largest existing animals; and possess many of Earth's most significant, intriguing, and inaccessible ecosystems. In an era in which humans are significantly altering the global environment, the oceans are undergoing rapid and profound changes. The study of marine biology is thus taking on added importance and urgency as people struggle to understand and manage these changes to protect our marine ecosystems. Healthy oceans produce half of the oxygen we breathe; stabilize our climate; create ecosystems that protect our coasts from storms; provide us with abundant food; and host diverse organisms that provide us with natural products for medicine and biotechnology. In this Very Short Introduction, marine biologist Philip Mladenov provides an accessible and up-to-date overview of marine biology, offering a tour of marine life and marine processes that ranges from the unimaginably abundant microscopic organisms that drive the oceans' food web to the apex predators that we exploit for food; from polar ocean ecosystems to tropical coral reefs; and from the luxurious kelp beds of the coastal ocean to deep-ocean hydrothermal vents where life exists without the energy of the sun. Throughout the book he considers the human impacts on marine life including overfishing, plastic and nutrient pollution, the spread of exotic species, and ocean warming and acidification. He discusses the threats these pose to our welfare, and the actions required to put us on a path to a more sustainable relationship with our oceans so that they can be restored and protected for future generations. Mladenov concludes with a new chapter offering an inspiring vision for the future of our oceans in 2050 that can be realised if we are wise enough to accelerate actions already underway and be bold with implementing new approaches. The next decade will decide the state of the oceans that we leave behind for future generations. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee to Review the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309471695

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Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee to Review the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment Pdf

Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Development of an Integrated Science Strategy for Ocean Acidification Monitoring
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2010-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309161558

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Ocean Acidification by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Development of an Integrated Science Strategy for Ocean Acidification Monitoring Pdf

The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.

Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 1807 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781009178464

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The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Pdf

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Author : Kevin J. Noone,Ussif Rashid Sumaila,Robert J. Diaz
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780124076617

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Managing Ocean Environments in a Changing Climate by Kevin J. Noone,Ussif Rashid Sumaila,Robert J. Diaz Pdf

Managing Ocean Environments in a Changing Climate summarizes the current state of several threats to the global oceans. What distinguishes this book most from previous works is that this book begins with a holistic, global-scale focus for the first several chapters and then provides an example of how this approach can be applied on a regional scale, for the Pacific region. Previous works usually have compiled local studies, which are essentially impossible to properly integrate to the global scale. The editors have engaged leading scientists in a number of areas, such as fisheries and marine ecosystems, ocean chemistry, marine biogeochemical cycling, oceans and climate change, and economics, to examine the threats to the oceans both individually and collectively, provide gross estimates of the economic and societal impacts of these threats, and deliver high-level recommendations. Nominated for a Katerva Award in 2012 in the Economy category State of the science reviews by known marine experts provide a concise, readable presentation written at a level for managers and students Links environmental and economic aspects of ocean threats and provides an economic analysis of action versus inaction Provides recommendations for stakeholders to help stimulate the development of policies that would help move toward sustainable use of marine resources and services

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Acid rain
ISBN : 0854036172

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Ocean Acidification Due to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide by Anonim Pdf

Author : Daniel T. Murphy,Scott Raisman
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Ocean acidification
ISBN : 1629482951

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Ocean Acidification by Daniel T. Murphy,Scott Raisman Pdf

With increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, the extent of effects on the ocean and marine resources is an increasing concern. One aspect of this issue is the ongoing process (known as ocean acidification) whereby seawater becomes less alkaline as more CO2 dissolves in it, causing hydrogen ion concentration in seawater to increase. Scientists are concerned that increasing hydrogen ion concentration could reduce growth or even cause the death of shell-forming animals (eg: corals, molluscs, and certain planktonic organisms) as well as disrupt marine food webs and the reproductive physiology of certain species. While not yet fully understood, the ecological and economic consequences of ocean acidification could be substantial. Scientists are concerned that increasing hydrogen ion concentration in seawater could alter biogeochemical cycles, disrupt physiological processes of marine organisms, and damage marine ecosystems. This book examines potential legislative action by Congress relating to authorising, funding, and co-ordinating research to increase knowledge about ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems.

Author : J. Emmett Duffy
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691161556

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Ocean Ecology by J. Emmett Duffy Pdf

A comprehensive introduction to ocean ecology and a new way of thinking about ocean life Marine ecology is more interdisciplinary, broader in scope, and more intimately linked to human activities than ever before. Ocean Ecology provides advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and practitioners with an integrated approach to marine ecology that reflects these new scientific realities, and prepares students for the challenges of studying and managing the ocean as a complex adaptive system. This authoritative and accessible textbook advances a framework based on interactions among four major features of marine ecosystems—geomorphology, the abiotic environment, biodiversity, and biogeochemistry—and shows how life is a driver of environmental conditions and dynamics. Ocean Ecology explains the ecological processes that link organismal to ecosystem scales and that shape the major types of ocean ecosystems, historically and in today's Anthropocene world. Provides an integrated new approach to understanding and managing the ocean Shows how biological diversity is the heart of functioning ecosystems Spans genes to earth systems, surface to seafloor, and estuary to ocean gyre Links species composition, trait distribution, and other ecological structures to the functioning of ecosystems Explains how fishing, fossil fuel combustion, industrial fertilizer use, and other human impacts are transforming the Anthropocene ocean An essential textbook for students and an invaluable resource for practitioners

Author : Drew Harvell
Publisher : University of California Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780520382985

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Ocean Outbreak by Drew Harvell Pdf

There is a growing crisis in our oceans: mysterious outbreaks of infectious disease are on the rise. Marine epidemics can cause mass die-offs of wildlife from the bottom to the top of food chains, impacting the health of ocean ecosystems as well as lives on land. Portending global environmental disaster, ocean outbreaks are fueled by warming seas, sewage dumping, unregulated aquaculture, and drifting plastic. Ocean Outbreak follows renowned scientist Drew Harvell and her colleagues into the field as they investigate how four iconic marine animals—corals, abalone, salmon, and starfish—have been devastated by disease. Based on over twenty years of research, this firsthand account of the sometimes gradual, sometimes exploding impact of disease on our ocean’s biodiversity ends with solutions and a call to action. Only through policy changes and the implementation of innovative solutions from nature can we reduce major outbreaks, save some ocean ecosystems, and protect our fragile environment.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Assessment of the Cumulative Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Marine Mammals
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-05-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309440516

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Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on the Assessment of the Cumulative Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on Marine Mammals Pdf

Marine mammals face a large array of stressors, including loss of habitat, chemical and noise pollution, and bycatch in fishing, which alone kills hundreds of thousands of marine mammals per year globally. To discern the factors contributing to population trends, scientists must consider the full complement of threats faced by marine mammals. Once populations or ecosystems are found to be at risk of adverse impacts, it is critical to decide which combination of stressors to reduce to bring the population or ecosystem into a more favorable state. Assessing all stressors facing a marine mammal population also provides the environmental context for evaluating whether an additional activity could threaten it. Approaches to Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Stressors on Marine Mammals builds upon previous reports to assess current methodologies used for evaluating cumulative effects and identify new approaches that could improve these assessments. This review focuses on ways to quantify exposure-related changes in the behavior, health, or body condition of individual marine mammals and makes recommendations for future research initiatives.