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Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 489 In Vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 489 In Vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264224179
The in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay, also called alkaline Comet Assay is a method measuring DNA strand breaks in eukaryotic cells.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264264885
The in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay, also called alkaline Comet Assay is a method measuring DNA strand breaks in eukaryotic cells.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 7 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1986-10-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264071445
The Test Guideline for Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) in mammalian cells in vitro describes procedures utilizing primary cultures, human lymphocytes or established cell lines, to detect DNA repair synthesis after excision and removal of a stretch ...
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264366060
This Test Guideline describes an in vivo erythrocyte Pig-a gene mutation assay (hereafter called the Pig-a assay) which uses an endogenous mammalian gene, the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene (Pig-a), as a reporter of somatic-cell gene mutation. In vivo gene mutation tests, such as the Pig-a assay, are especially relevant for assessing mutagenicity because physiological factors, such as absorption of the test chemical from the site of exposure, distribution of the test chemical throughout the test system via systemic circulation, and in vivo metabolism and DNA repair processes, all contribute to the mutagenic responses.
Author : Laura Robinson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2018-11-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118882078
Toxicology – the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms is the cornerstone to all aspects of chemical safety and knowledge of the subject is needed in a wide spectrum of fields from the chemical industry to medicine, emergency services, forensics, and regulatory science. Toxicology involves the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning ... especially the poisoning of people. The many problems arising from a poor understanding of toxicology and its applications in hazard communication and chemical safety motivated the author’s training courses and webinars, leading to this valuable book. Providing a practical and accessible guide, A Practical Guide to Toxicology and Human Health Risk Assessment enables readers to quickly build up knowledge and understanding of toxicology and its use in hazard identification, which is a fundamental part of chemical risk assessment. The book also covers current toxicological testing strategies and the use of physicochemical test data in hazard identification and exposure assessment. Examples are provided throughout the book to highlight important issues along with a summary of the key points that have been covered in each of the respective chapters. The book concludes with a listing of online resources on toxicology and risk assessment.
Author : Ramesh C. Gupta
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 1246 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2019-02-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128146569
Biomarkers in Toxicology, Second Edition, is a timely and comprehensive reference dedicated to all aspects of biomarkers that relate to chemical exposure and their effects on biological systems. This revised and completely updated edition includes both vertebrate and non-vertebrate species models for toxicological testing and the development of biomarkers. Divided into several key sections, this reference volume contains new chapters devoted to topics in microplastics, neuroimmunotoxicity and nutraceuticals, along with a look at the latest cutting-edge technologies used to detect biomarkers. Each chapter contains several references to current literature and important resources for further reading. Given this comprehensive treatment, this book is an essential reference for anyone interested in biomarkers across the scientific and biomedical fields. Evaluates the expansive literature, providing one resource covering all aspects of toxicology biomarkers Includes completely revised chapters, along with additional chapters on the newest developments in the field Identifies and discusses the most sensitive, accurate, unique and validated biomarkers used as indicators of exposure Covers special topics and applications of biomarkers, including chapters on molecular toxicology biomarkers, biomarker analysis for nanotoxicology, development of biomarkers for drug efficacy evaluation, and much more
Author : Shayne Cox Gad,Dexter W. Sullivan, Jr.
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 996 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2023-01-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119755852
Drug Safety Evluation Comprehensive and practical guide presenting a roadmap for safety assessment as an integral part of the development of drugs and therapeutics This fourth edition of Drug Safety Evaluation maintains the central objective of presenting an all-inclusive practical guide for those who are responsible for ensuring the safety of drugs and biologics to patients, healthcare providers, those involved in the manufacture of medicinal products, and all those who need to understand how the safety of these products is evaluated and shepherding valuable candidates to market. Individual chapters address specific approaches to evaluation hazards, including problems that are encountered and their solutions. Also covered are the scientific and philosophical bases for evaluation of specific concerns (e.g., carcinogenicity, development toxicity, etc.) to provide both understanding and guidance for approaching the new problems that have come to face both our society and the new challenges they brought. The many changes in regulatory requirements, pharmaceutical development, technology, and the effects of Covid on our society and science have required both extensive revision to every chapter and the addition of four new chapters. Specific sample topics covered in Drug Safety Evaluation include: The drug development process and the global pharmaceutical marketplace and regulation of human pharmaceutical safety Sources of information for consideration in study and program design and in safety evaluation Electronic records, reporting and submission, screens in safety and hazard assessment, and formulations, routes, and dosage regimens Mechanisms and endpoints of drug toxicity, pilot toxicity testing in drug safety evaluation, and repeat dose toxicity Genotoxicity, QSAR tools for drug safety, toxicogenomics, nonrodent animal studies, and developmental and reproductive toxicity testing An appendix which provides an up to date guide to CROs for conducting studies Drug Safety Evaluation was written specifically for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, including scientists, consultants, and academics, to show a utilitarian yet scientifically valid path to the everyday challenges of safety evaluation and the problem solving that is required in drug discovery and development.
Author : Daniel Neagu,Andrea-Nicole Richarz
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781839160820
The rate at which toxicological data is generated is continually becoming more rapid and the volume of data generated is growing dramatically. This is due in part to advances in software solutions and cheminformatics approaches which increase the availability of open data from chemical, biological and toxicological and high throughput screening resources. However, the amplified pace and capacity of data generation achieved by these novel techniques presents challenges for organising and analysing data output. Big Data in Predictive Toxicology discusses these challenges as well as the opportunities of new techniques encountered in data science. It addresses the nature of toxicological big data, their storage, analysis and interpretation. It also details how these data can be applied in toxicity prediction, modelling and risk assessment. This title is of particular relevance to researchers and postgraduates working and studying in the fields of computational methods, applied and physical chemistry, cheminformatics, biological sciences, predictive toxicology and safety and hazard assessment.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1997-07-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264071520
The purpose of the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) test with mammalian liver cells in vivo is to identify substances that induce DNA repair after excision and removal of a stretch of DNA containing a region of damage induced by chemical substances ...
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-13
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264274761
Following a general update of the Genetic Toxicology TGs in 2015, the present Document was written to provide succinct and useful information to individuals unfamiliar with genetic toxicology testing, as well as experienced individuals wishing to obtain an overview of the recent changes that ...
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 6 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1986-10-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264071506
The mouse heritable translocation test detects structural and numerical chromosome changes in mammalian germ cells as recovered in first generation progeny. The types of chromosome changes detected in this test system are reciprocal translocations ...
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 6 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1986-10-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264071421
This assay may be used to measure mitotic recombination (gene conversion or crossingover) in yeast, a eukaryotic micro-organism. Crossing-over is generally assayed by the production of recessive homozygous colonies or sectors produced in a ...
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264264809
The in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation test can be used to detect gene mutations induced by chemical substances. In this test, the used genetic endpoints measure mutation at hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), and at a transgene of xanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase...
Author : Amaya Azqueta,Sabine Langie,Andrew Collins
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015-08-21
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889196494
By means of this ‘Frontiers in Genetics’ research topic, we are celebrating 30 years of the Comet Assay. The first paper on this single-cell gel electrophoresis assay was published in 1984 by O. Ostling and K.J. Johanson (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. Vol.123: 291-298). The comet assay is a versatile and sensitive method for measuring single - and double-strand breaks in DNA. By including lesion-specific enzymes in the assay, its range and sensitivity are greatly increased, but it is important to bear in mind that their specificity is not absolute. The comet assay (with and without inclusion of lesion-specific enzymes) is widely used as a biomarker assay in human population studies - primarily to measure DNA damage, but increasingly also to assess the capacity of cells for DNA repair. Ostling and Johanson (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1984) were also the first to report experiments to measure DNA repair, by simply following the decrease of DNA damage over time after challenging cells with ionising radiation. However, this approach is time-consuming and laborious as it requires an extended period of cell culture and is therefore not ideal for biomonitoring studies, which typically require high-throughput processing of many samples. As an alternative approach, the in vitro comet-based repair assay was developed: a cell extract is incubated with a DNA substrate containing specific lesions, and DNA incisions accumulate. The in vitro comet-based repair assay has been modified and improved over the past decade: it was first devised to measure base excision repair of oxidised purines in lymphocytes (Collins et al., Mutagenesis, 2001), but has since been adapted for other lesions and thus other repair pathways, as well as being applied to tissue samples in addition to cell suspensions. Even after 30 years, the comet assay is still in a growth phase, with many new users each year. Many questions are repeatedly raised, which may seem to have self-evident answers, but clearly, it is necessary to reiterate them for the benefit of the new audience, and sometimes being forced to think again about old topics can shed new light. Different applications of the comet assay are discussed in this special issue, including: genotoxicity testing in different organisms, human biomonitoring, DNA repair studies, environmental biomonitoring and clinical studies. Furthermore, we consider and where possible answer questions, including the ones raised by Raymond Tice at the 8th International Comet Assay Workshop in Perugia (Italy 2009): What is the spectrum of DNA damage detected by the various versions of the comet assay?; What are the limitations associated with each application?; What should be done to standardize the assay for biomonitoring studies?; Can the comet assay be used to monitor changes in global methylation status?; What cell types are suitable for detecting genotoxic substances and their effects in vivo and in vitro?; Can the assay be fully automated?; and more. So this ‘Frontiers in Genetics’ research topic is written for the beginner as well as for the experienced users of the comet assay.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2010-07-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264070882
This Test Guideline describes in vivo studies that provide information on mass balance, absorption, bioavailability, tissue distribution, metabolism, excretion, and basic toxicokinetic parameters [e.g. AUC], as well as supplemental approaches that ...
