Ontology

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Ontology

Dale Jacquette
Ontology Book PDF

Author : Dale Jacquette
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317489580

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Ontology by Dale Jacquette Pdf

The philosophical study of what exists and what it means for something to exist is one of the core concerns of metaphysics. This introduction to ontology provides readers with a comprehensive account of the central ideas of the subject of being. This book is divided into two parts. The first part explores questions of pure philosophical ontology: what is meant by the concept of being, why there exists something rather than nothing, and why there is only one logically contingent actual world. Dale Jacquette shows how logic provides the only possible answers to these fundamental problems. The second part of the book examines issues of applied scientific ontology. Jacquette offers a critical survey of some of the most influential traditional ontologies, such as the distinction between appearance and reality, and the categories of substance and transcendence. The ontology of physical entities - space, time, matter and causation - is examined as well as the ontology of abstract entities such as sets, numbers, properties, relations and propositions. The special problems posed by the subjectivity of mind and of postulating a god are also explored in detail. The final chapter examines the ontology of culture, language and art.

Ontology Made Easy

Amie Lynn Thomasson
Ontology Made Easy Book PDF

Author : Amie Lynn Thomasson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199385119

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Ontology Made Easy by Amie Lynn Thomasson Pdf

This volume aims to develop the easy approach to ontology, showing how it leads to both a first-order simple realism about the disputed entities and a form of metaontological deflationism that takes ontological disputes themselves to be misguided, since existence questions may be answered by straightforward conceptual and/or empirical work. It also aims to defend the easy approach against a range of objections and to show it to be a viable and attractive alternative to hard ontology.

An Introduction to Ontology

Nikk Effingham
An Introduction to Ontology Book PDF

Author : Nikk Effingham
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013-08-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780745665474

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An Introduction to Ontology by Nikk Effingham Pdf

In this engaging and wide-ranging new book, Nikk Effingham provides an introduction to contemporary ontology - the study of what exists - and its importance for philosophy today. He covers the key topics in the field, from the ontology of holes, numbers and possible worlds, to space, time and the ontology of material objects - for instance, whether there are composite objects such as tables, chairs or even you and me. While starting from the basics, every chapter is up-to-date with the most recent developments in the field, introducing both longstanding theories and cutting-edge advances. As well as discussing the latest issues in ontology, Effingham also helpfully deals in-depth with different methodological principles (including theory choice, Quinean ontological commitment and Meinongianism) and introduces them alongside an example ontological theory that puts them into practice. This accessible and comprehensive introduction will be essential reading for upper-level undergraduate and post-graduate students, as well as any reader interested in the present state of the subject.

Ontology-Based Multi-Agent Systems

Maja Hadzic,Elizabeth J. Chang,Pornpit Wongthongtham
Ontology Based Multi Agent Systems Book PDF

Author : Maja Hadzic,Elizabeth J. Chang,Pornpit Wongthongtham
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2009-06-25
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783642019036

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Ontology-Based Multi-Agent Systems by Maja Hadzic,Elizabeth J. Chang,Pornpit Wongthongtham Pdf

During the last two decades, the idea of Semantic Web has received a great deal of attention. An extensive body of knowledge has emerged to describe technologies that seek to help us create and use aspects of the Semantic Web. Ontology and agent-based technologies are understood to be the two important technologies here. A large number of articles and a number of books exist to describe the use individually of the two technologies and the design of systems that use each of these technologies individually, but little focus has been given on how one can - sign systems that carryout integrated use of the two different technologies. In this book we describe ontology and agent-based systems individually, and highlight advantages of integration of the two different and complementary te- nologies. We also present a methodology that will guide us in the design of the - tegrated ontology-based multi-agent systems and illustrate this methodology on two use cases from the health and software engineering domain. This book is organized as follows: • Chapter I, Current issues and the need for ontologies and agents, describes existing problems associated with uncontrollable information overload and explains how ontologies and agent-based systems can help address these - sues. • Chapter II, Introduction to multi-agent systems, defines agents and their main characteristics and features including mobility, communications and collaboration between different agents. It also presents different types of agents on the basis of classifications done by different authors.

Ontology of Consciousness

Helmut Wautischer
Ontology of Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Helmut Wautischer
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 669 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2008-04-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262232593

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Ontology of Consciousness by Helmut Wautischer Pdf

Scholars from many different disciplines examine consciousness through the lens of intellectual approaches and cultures ranging from cosmology research and cell biophysics laboratories to pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and Tibetan Tantric Buddhism in a volume that extends consciousness studies beyond the limits of current neuroscience research. The "hard problem" of today's consciousness studies is subjective experience: understanding why some brain processing is accompanied by an experienced inner life. Recent scientific advances offer insights for understanding the physiological and chemical phenomenology of consciousness. But by leaving aside the internal experiential nature of consciousness in favor of mapping neural activity, such science leaves many questions unanswered. In Ontology of Consciousness, scholars from a range of disciplines—from neurophysiology to parapsychology, from mathematics to anthropology and indigenous non-Western modes of thought—go beyond these limits of current neuroscience research to explore insights offered by other intellectual approaches to consciousness. These scholars focus their attention on such philosophical approaches to consciousness as Tibetan Tantric Buddhism, North American Indian insights, pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilization, and the Byzantine Empire. Some draw on artifacts and ethnographic data to make their point. Others translate cultural concepts of consciousness into modern scientific language using models and mathematical mappings. Many consider individual experiences of sentience and existence, as seen in African communalism, Hindi psychology, Zen Buddhism, Indian vibhuti phenomena, existentialism, philosophical realism, and modern psychiatry. Some reveal current views and conundrums in neurobiology to comprehend sentient intellection. Contributors Karim Akerma, Matthijs Cornelissen, Antoine Courban, Mario Crocco, Christian de Quincey, Thomas B. Fowler, Erlendur Haraldsson, David. J. Hufford, Pavel B. Ivanov, Heinz Kimmerle, Stanley Krippner, Armand J. Labbé, James Maffie, Hubert Markl, Graham Parkes, Michael Polemis, E Richard Sorenson, Mircea Steriade, Thomas Szasz, Mariela Szirko, Robert A.F. Thurman, Edith L.B. Turner, Julia Watkin, Helmut Wautischer

An Introduction to Ontology Engineering

C. Maria Keet
An Introduction to Ontology Engineering Book PDF

Author : C. Maria Keet
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2018-11-07
Category : Computer software
ISBN : 1848902956

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An Introduction to Ontology Engineering by C. Maria Keet Pdf

An Introduction to Ontology Engineering introduces the student to a comprehensive overview of ontology engineering, and offers hands-on experience that illustrate the theory. The topics covered include: logic foundations for ontologies with languages and automated reasoning, developing good ontologies with methods and methodologies, the top-down approach with foundational ontologies, and the bottomup approach to extract content from legacy material, and a selection of advanced topics that includes Ontology-Based Data Access, the interaction between ontologies and natural languages, and advanced modelling with fuzzy and temporal ontologies. Each chapter contains review questions and exercises, and descriptions of two group assignments are provided as well. The textbook is aimed at advanced undergraduate/postgraduate level in computer science and could fi t a semester course in ontology engineering or a 2-week intensive course. Domain experts and philosophers may fi nd a subset of the chapters of interest, or work through the chapters in a different order. Maria Keet is an Associate Professor with the Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa. She received her PhD in Computer Science in 2008 at the KRDB Research Centre, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. Her research focus is on knowledge engineering with ontologies and Ontology, and their interaction with natural language and conceptual data modelling, which has resulted in over 100 peer-reviewed publications. She has developed and taught multiple courses on ontology engineering and related courses at various universities since 2009.

Contributions to Social Ontology

Clive Lawson,John Spiro Latsis,Nuno Martins
Contributions to Social Ontology Book PDF

Author : Clive Lawson,John Spiro Latsis,Nuno Martins
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136016066

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Contributions to Social Ontology by Clive Lawson,John Spiro Latsis,Nuno Martins Pdf

Recent years have seen a dramatic re-emergence of interest in ontology. From philosophy and social sciences to artificial intelligence and computer science, ontology is gaining interdisciplinary influence as a popular tool for applied research. Contributions to Social Ontology focuses specifically on these developments within the social sciences. The contributions reveal that this revived interest in social ontology involves far more than an unquestioning acceptance or application of the concepts and methods of academic philosophers. Instead as ontology permeates so many new areas, social ontology itself is evolving in new and fascinating ways. This book engages with these new developments, pushing it forward with cutting-edge new material from leading authors in this area, from Roy Bhaskar to Margaret Archer. It also explicitly analyzes the relationship between the new ontological projects and the more traditional approaches. This book will be of great interest to students and researchers alike across the social sciences and particularly in philosophy, economics and sociology.

Applied Ontology

Katherine Munn,Barry Smith
Applied Ontology Book PDF

Author : Katherine Munn,Barry Smith
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110324860

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Applied Ontology by Katherine Munn,Barry Smith Pdf

Ontology is the philosophical discipline which aims to understand how things in the world are divided into categories and how these categories are related together. This is exactly what information scientists aim for in creating structured, automated representations, called ‘ontologies,’ for managing information in fields such as science, government, industry, and healthcare. Currently, these systems are designed in a variety of different ways, so they cannot share data with one another. They are often idiosyncratically structured, accessible only to those who created them, and unable to serve as inputs for automated reasoning. This volume shows, in a non-technical way and using examples from medicine and biology, how the rigorous application of theories and insights from philosophical ontology can improve the ontologies upon which information management depends.

Idea and Ontology

Marc A. Hight
Idea and Ontology Book PDF

Author : Marc A. Hight
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780271047652

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Idea and Ontology by Marc A. Hight Pdf

"A wide-ranging study of the 'way of ideas' and its metaphysics, culminating in a bold reinterpretation of Berkeley."

Historical Ontology

Ian Hacking
Historical Ontology Book PDF

Author : Ian Hacking
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2004-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 0674016076

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Historical Ontology by Ian Hacking Pdf

In this text, Ian Hacking offers his reflections on the philosophical uses of history. The focus is the historical emergence of concepts and objects.

Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology

Robert Arp,Barry Smith,Andrew D. Spear
Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology Book PDF

Author : Robert Arp,Barry Smith,Andrew D. Spear
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2015-08-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262329590

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Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology by Robert Arp,Barry Smith,Andrew D. Spear Pdf

An introduction to the field of applied ontology with examples derived particularly from biomedicine, covering theoretical components, design practices, and practical applications. In the era of “big data,” science is increasingly information driven, and the potential for computers to store, manage, and integrate massive amounts of data has given rise to such new disciplinary fields as biomedical informatics. Applied ontology offers a strategy for the organization of scientific information in computer-tractable form, drawing on concepts not only from computer and information science but also from linguistics, logic, and philosophy. This book provides an introduction to the field of applied ontology that is of particular relevance to biomedicine, covering theoretical components of ontologies, best practices for ontology design, and examples of biomedical ontologies in use. After defining an ontology as a representation of the types of entities in a given domain, the book distinguishes between different kinds of ontologies and taxonomies, and shows how applied ontology draws on more traditional ideas from metaphysics. It presents the core features of the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), now used by over one hundred ontology projects around the world, and offers examples of domain ontologies that utilize BFO. The book also describes Web Ontology Language (OWL), a common framework for Semantic Web technologies. Throughout, the book provides concrete recommendations for the design and construction of domain ontologies.

Ontology Learning from Text

Paul Buitelaar,Philipp Cimiano,Bernardo Magnini
Ontology Learning from Text Book PDF

Author : Paul Buitelaar,Philipp Cimiano,Bernardo Magnini
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1586035231

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Ontology Learning from Text by Paul Buitelaar,Philipp Cimiano,Bernardo Magnini Pdf

The latest title in Black Library's premium line. Perturabo - master of siegecraft, and executioner of Olympia. Long has he lived in the shadow of his more favoured primarch brothers, frustrated by the mundane and ignominious duties which regularly fall to his Legion. When Fulgrim offers him the chance to lead an expedition in search of an ancient and destructive xenos weapon, the Iron Warriors and the Emperor's Children unite and venture deep into the heart of the great warp-rift known only as 'the Eye'. Pursued by a ragged band of survivors from Isstvan V and the revenants of a dead eldar world, they must work quickly if they are to unleash the devastating power of the Angel Exterminatus

Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications

P. Hitzler,A. Gangemi,K. Janowicz
Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns Foundations and Applications Book PDF

Author : P. Hitzler,A. Gangemi,K. Janowicz
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-16
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781614996767

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Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications by P. Hitzler,A. Gangemi,K. Janowicz Pdf

The use of ontologies for data and knowledge organization has become ubiquitous in many data-intensive and knowledge-driven application areas, in science, industry, and the humanities. At the same time, ontology engineering best practices continue to evolve. In particular, modular ontology modeling based on ontology design patterns is establishing itself as an approach for creating versatile and extendable ontologies for data management and integration. This book is the very first comprehensive treatment of Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns. It contains both advanced and introductory material accessible for readers with only a minimal background in ontology modeling. Some introductory material is written in the style of tutorials, and specific chapters are devoted to examples and to applications. Other chapters convey the state of the art in research regarding ontology design patterns. The editors and the contributing authors include the leading contributors to the development of ontology-design-pattern-driven ontology engineering.

Theory and Applications of Ontology: Philosophical Perspectives

Roberto Poli,Johanna Seibt
Theory and Applications of Ontology Philosophical Perspectives Book PDF

Author : Roberto Poli,Johanna Seibt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010-08-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789048188451

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Theory and Applications of Ontology: Philosophical Perspectives by Roberto Poli,Johanna Seibt Pdf

Ontology was once understood to be the philosophical inquiry into the structure of reality: the analysis and categorization of ‘what there is’. Recently, however, a field called ‘ontology’ has become part of the rapidly growing research industry in information technology. The two fields have more in common than just their name. Theory and Applications of Ontology is a two-volume anthology that aims to further an informed discussion about the relationship between ontology in philosophy and ontology in information technology. It fills an important lacuna in cutting-edge research on ontology in both fields, supplying stage-setting overview articles on history and method, presenting directions of current research in either field, and highlighting areas of productive interdisciplinary contact. Theory and Applications of Ontology: Philosophical Perspectives presents ontology in philosophy in ways that computer scientists are not likely to find elsewhere. The volume offers an overview of current research traditions in ontology, contrasting analytical, phenomenological, and hermeneutic approaches. It introduces the reader to current philosophical research on those categories of everyday and scientific reasoning that are most relevant to present and future research in information technology.

Ontology Matching

Jérôme Euzenat,Pavel Shvaiko
Ontology Matching Book PDF

Author : Jérôme Euzenat,Pavel Shvaiko
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-08
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642387210

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Ontology Matching by Jérôme Euzenat,Pavel Shvaiko Pdf

Ontologies tend to be found everywhere. They are viewed as the silver bullet for many applications, such as database integration, peer-to-peer systems, e-commerce, semantic web services, or social networks. However, in open or evolving systems, such as the semantic web, different parties would, in general, adopt different ontologies. Thus, merely using ontologies, like using XML, does not reduce heterogeneity: it just raises heterogeneity problems to a higher level. Euzenat and Shvaiko’s book is devoted to ontology matching as a solution to the semantic heterogeneity problem faced by computer systems. Ontology matching aims at finding correspondences between semantically related entities of different ontologies. These correspondences may stand for equivalence as well as other relations, such as consequence, subsumption, or disjointness, between ontology entities. Many different matching solutions have been proposed so far from various viewpoints, e.g., databases, information systems, and artificial intelligence. The second edition of Ontology Matching has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the most recent advances in this quickly developing area, which resulted in more than 150 pages of new content. In particular, the book includes a new chapter dedicated to the methodology for performing ontology matching. It also covers emerging topics, such as data interlinking, ontology partitioning and pruning, context-based matching, matcher tuning, alignment debugging, and user involvement in matching, to mention a few. More than 100 state-of-the-art matching systems and frameworks were reviewed. With Ontology Matching, researchers and practitioners will find a reference book that presents currently available work in a uniform framework. In particular, the work and the techniques presented in this book can be equally applied to database schema matching, catalog integration, XML schema matching and other related problems. The objectives of the book include presenting (i) the state of the art and (ii) the latest research results in ontology matching by providing a systematic and detailed account of matching techniques and matching systems from theoretical, practical and application perspectives.