Ontology Makes Sense

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Ontology Makes Sense

S. Borgo,R. Ferrario,C. Masolo
Ontology Makes Sense Book PDF

Author : S. Borgo,R. Ferrario,C. Masolo
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-05
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781614999553

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Ontology Makes Sense by S. Borgo,R. Ferrario,C. Masolo Pdf

Nicola Guarino is widely recognized as one of the founders of applied ontology. His deep interest in the subtlest details of theoretical analysis and his vision of ontology as the Rosetta Stone for semantic interoperability guided the development and understanding of this domain. His motivations in research stem from the conviction that all science must be for the benefit of society at large, and his motto has always been that ontologies are not just for making information systems interoperable, but – more importantly – for ensuring that systems’ users understand each other. He was among the first to recognize that applied ontology must be an interdisciplinary enterprise if it is to capture the intended meaning of the terms used by an information system. This book is a collection of essays written in homage to Nicola Guarino; a tribute to his many scientific contributions to the discipline of applied ontology. The papers presented here reflect the wide variety of research topics that marked Nicola's impact on the applied ontology community. They are grouped according to the five general areas addressed by Nicola in his career: what is an ontology; knowledge engineering; ontologies and language; ontological categories and relationships; and ontologies and applications. Nicola Guarino's work and dedication will undoubtedly continue to influence the applied ontology community, and this book will be of interest to the many researchers aiming to establish ontologically sound bases for their research areas.

Ontology Representation

Rinke Hoekstra
Ontology Representation Book PDF

Author : Rinke Hoekstra
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781607500131

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Ontology Representation by Rinke Hoekstra Pdf

Based on author's thesis from the Dutch Research School for Information and Knowledge Systems.

Ontology Without Borders

Jody Azzouni
Ontology Without Borders Book PDF

Author : Jody Azzouni
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190622572

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Ontology Without Borders by Jody Azzouni Pdf

Our experience of objects (and consequently our theorizing about them) is very rich. We perceive objects as possessing individuation conditions. They appear to have boundaries in space and time, for example, and they appear to move independently of a background of other objects or a landscape. In Ontology Without Boundaries Jody Azzouni undertakes an analysis of our concept of object, and shows what about that notion is truly due to the world and what about it is a projection onto the world of our senses and thinking. Location and individuation conditions are our product: there is no echo of them in the world. Features, the ways that objects seem to be, aren't projections. Azzouni shows how the resulting austere metaphysics tames a host of ancient philosophical problems about constitution ("Ship of Theseus," "Sorities"), as well as contemporary puzzles about reductionism. In addition, it's shown that the same sorts of individuation conditions for properties, which philosophers use to distinguish between various kinds of odd abstracta-universals, tropes, and so on, are also projections. Accompanying our notion of an object is a background logic that makes cogent ontological debate about anything from Platonic objects to Bigfoot. Contemporary views about this background logic ("quantifier variance") make ontological debate incoherent. Azzouni shows how a neutral interpretation of quantifiers and quantifier domains makes sense of both philosophical and pre-philosophical ontological debates. Azzouni also shows how the same apparatus makes sense of our speaking about a host of items--Mickey Mouse, unicorns, Martians--that nearly all of us deny exist. It's allowed by what Azzouni shows about the background logic of our ontological debates, as well as the semantics of the language of those debates that we can disagree over the existence of things, like unicorns, without that background logic and semantics forcing ontological commitments onto speakers that they don't have.

Fields of Sense

Markus Gabriel
Fields of Sense Book PDF

Author : Markus Gabriel
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-01-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780748692910

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Fields of Sense by Markus Gabriel Pdf

Markus Gabriel proposes a radical form of ontological pluralism that divorces ontology from metaphysics, understood as the most fundamental theory of absolutely everything (the world). He argues that the concept of existence is incompatible with the exist

Ontology Made Easy

Amie L. Thomasson
Ontology Made Easy Book PDF

Author : Amie L. Thomasson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2014-10-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199385126

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Ontology Made Easy by Amie L. Thomasson Pdf

In the decades following Quine, debates about existence have taken center stage in the metaphysics. But neo-Quinean ontology has reached a crisis point, given the endless proliferation of positions and lack of any clear idea of how to resolve debates. The most prominent challenge to mainstream ontological debates has come from the idea that disputants can be seen as using the quantifier with different meanings, leaving the dispute merely verbal. Nearly all of the work in defense of hard ontology has gone into arguing against quantifier variance. This volume argues that hard ontology faces an entirely different challenge, which remains even if the threat of quantifier variance can be avoided. The challenge comes from the 'easy approach to ontology': a view that is arguably the heir to Carnap's own position. The idea of the easy approach is that many ontological questions can be answered by undertaking trivial inferences from uncontroversial premises, making prolonged disputes about the questions out of place. This book aims to develop the easy approach to ontology, showing how it leads to both a first-order simple realism about the disputed entities and a form of meta-ontological deflationism that takes ontological disputes themselves to be misguided, since existence questions may be answered by straightforward conceptual and/or empirical work. It also aims to defend the easy approach against a range of arguments wielded against it and to show it to be a viable and attractive alternative to the quagmire of hard ontology.

Ontology and Metaontology

Francesco Berto,Matteo Plebani
Ontology and Metaontology Book PDF

Author : Francesco Berto,Matteo Plebani
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015-01-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781472573292

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Ontology and Metaontology by Francesco Berto,Matteo Plebani Pdf

Ontology and Metaontology: A Contemporary Guide is a clear and accessible survey of ontology, focusing on the most recent trends in the discipline. Divided into parts, the first half characterizes metaontology: the discourse on the methodology of ontological inquiry, covering the main concepts, tools, and methods of the discipline, exploring the notions of being and existence, ontological commitment, paraphrase strategies, fictionalist strategies, and other metaontological questions. The second half considers a series of case studies, introducing and familiarizing the reader with concrete examples of the latest research in the field. The basic sub-fields of ontology are covered here via an accessible and captivating exposition: events, properties, universals, abstract objects, possible worlds, material beings, mereology, fictional objects. The guide's modular structure allows for a flexible approach to the subject, making it suitable for both undergraduates and postgraduates looking to better understand and apply the exciting developments and debates taking place in ontology today.

Quine, Structure, and Ontology

Frederique Janssen-Lauret
Quine Structure and Ontology Book PDF

Author : Frederique Janssen-Lauret
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198864288

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Quine, Structure, and Ontology by Frederique Janssen-Lauret Pdf

W.V. Quine, a champion of philosophical naturalism and pioneer of mathematical logic, was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. This volume provides a full picture of the development of Quine's views on structure and how it permeates and shapes his attitude to a range of philosophical questions.

Language and Ontology

Kanti Lal Das,Anirban Mukherjee
Language and Ontology Book PDF

Author : Kanti Lal Das,Anirban Mukherjee
Publisher : Northern Book Centre
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Knowledge, Theory of
ISBN : 8172112289

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Language and Ontology by Kanti Lal Das,Anirban Mukherjee Pdf

The book highlights the concept of ontology, relationship between language and ontology, the distinction between ontology and reality, the role of linguistic philosophers in dealing with ontology etc. Apart from these, the eminent scholars address themselves with the ontology behind the value of valuation, exclusion and discrimination, inter-religious dialogue, Indian theories of language, values in cinema, poetic language etc.

Formal Ontology

Jani Hakkarainen,Markku Keinänen
Formal Ontology Book PDF

Author : Jani Hakkarainen,Markku Keinänen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781009080330

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Formal Ontology by Jani Hakkarainen,Markku Keinänen Pdf

Formal ontology as a main branch of metaphysics investigates categories of being. In the formal ontological approach to metaphysics, these ontological categories are analysed by ontological forms. This analysis, which the Element illustrates by some category systems, provides a tool to assess the clarity, exactness and intelligibility of different category systems or formal ontologies. It discusses critically different accounts of ontological form in the literature. Of ontological form, the authors propose a character-neutral relational account. In this metatheory, ontological forms of entities are their standings in internal relations whose holding is neutral on the character of their relata. These relations are 'formal ontological relations'. The Element concludes by showing that our metatheory is useful for understanding categorial fundamentality/non-fundamentality, different formal ontologies, and for unifying metaphysical questions. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

The Science of the Individual: Leibniz's Ontology of Individual Substance

Stefano Bella
The Science of the Individual Leibniz s Ontology of Individual Substance Book PDF

Author : Stefano Bella
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2005-08-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781402032608

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The Science of the Individual: Leibniz's Ontology of Individual Substance by Stefano Bella Pdf

In his well-known Discourse on Metaphysics, Leibniz puts individual substance at the basis of metaphysical building. In so doing, he connects himself to a venerable tradition. His theory of individual concept, however, breaks with another idea of the same tradition, that no account of the individual as such can be given. Contrary to what has been commonly accepted, Leibniz’s intuitions are not the mere result of the transcription of subject-predicate logic, nor of the uncritical persistence of some old metaphysical assumptions. They grow, instead, from an unprejudiced inquiry about our basic ontological framework, where logic of truth, linguistic analysis, and phenomenological experience of the mind’s life are tightly interwoven. Leibniz’s struggle for a concept capable of grasping concrete individuals as such is pursued in an age of great paradigm changes – from the Scholastic background to Hobbes’s nominalism to the Cartesian ‘way of ideas’ or Spinoza’s substance metaphysics – when the relationships among words, ideas and things are intensively discussed and wholly reshaped. This is the context where the genesis and significance of Leibniz’s theory of ‘complete being’ and its concept are reconstrued. The result is a fresh look at some of the most perplexing issues in Leibniz scholarship, like his ideas about individual identity and the thesis that all its properties are essential to an individual. The questions Leibniz faces, and to which his theory of individual substance aims to answer, are yet, to a large extent, those of contemporary metaphysics: how to trace a categorial framework? How to distinguish concrete and abstract items? What is the metaphysical basis of linguistic predication? How is trans-temporal sameness assured? How to make sense of essential attributions? In this ontological framework Leibniz’s further questions about the destiny of human individuals and their history are spelt out. Maybe his answers also have something to tell us. This book is aimed at all who are interested in Leibniz’s philosophy, history of early modern philosophy and metaphysical issues in their historical development.

Social Ontology, Sociocultures, and Inequality in the Global South

Benjamin Baumann,Daniel Bultmann
Social Ontology Sociocultures and Inequality in the Global South Book PDF

Author : Benjamin Baumann,Daniel Bultmann
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000064384

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Social Ontology, Sociocultures, and Inequality in the Global South by Benjamin Baumann,Daniel Bultmann Pdf

Challenging the assumption that the capitalist transformation includes a radical break with the past, this edited volume traces how historically older forms of social inequality are transformed but persist in the present to shape the social structure of contemporary societies in the global South. Each social collective comprises an interpretation of itself – including the meaning of life, the concept of a human person, and the notion of a collective. This volume studies the interpretation that various social collectives have of themselves. This interpretation is referred to as social ontology. All chapters of the edited volume focus on the relation between social ontology and structures of inequality. They argue that each society comprises several historical layers of social ontology that correspond to layers of inequality, which are referred to as sociocultures. Thereby, the volume explains why and how structures of inequality differ between contemporary collectives in the global South, even though all of them seem to have similar structures, institutions, and economies. The volume is aimed at academics, students and the interested public looking for a novel theorization of social inequality pertaining to social collectives in the global South.

The Ontology of Prejudice

Jon Mills,Janusz A. Polanowski
The Ontology of Prejudice Book PDF

Author : Jon Mills,Janusz A. Polanowski
Publisher : Rodopi
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9042002859

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The Ontology of Prejudice by Jon Mills,Janusz A. Polanowski Pdf

This book offers a bold and controversial new thesis regarding the nature of prejudice. The authors' central claim is that prejudice is not simply learned, rather it is predisposed in all human beings and is thus the foundation for ethical valuation. They aim to destroy the illusion that prejudice is merely the result of learned beliefs, socially conditioned attitudes, or pathological states of development. Contrary to traditional accounts, prejudice itself is not a negative attribute of human nature, rather it is the necessary precondition for the self and civilization to emerge. Defined as the preferential self-expression of valuation, prejudice gives rise to greater existential complexities and novelties that elevate selfhood and society to higher states of ethical realization. Rather than offer another contribution that highlights the destructive nature of prejudice, Mills and Polanowski address the ontological, psychological, and dialectical origins of prejudice as it manifests itself in the process of selfhood and culture. They provide an original conceptualization of the phenomenology of prejudice and its dialectical instantiation in the ontology of the individual, worldhood, and the very structures of subjectivity. As a unique synthesis of psychoanalysis, Hegelian idealism, Heideggerian existential ontology, and Whiteheadian process philosophy, prejudice is the indispensable ground for humanity to actualize its highest potentiality-for-Being. The striking result is (1) a revolutionary theory of human nature, (2) a new ethical system, and (3) the elevation of dialectical ethics to the domain of metaphysics.

Handbook on Ontologies

Steffen Staab,Rudi Studer
Handbook on Ontologies Book PDF

Author : Steffen Staab,Rudi Studer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 661 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540247500

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Handbook on Ontologies by Steffen Staab,Rudi Studer Pdf

An ontology is a description (like a formal specification of a program) of concepts and relationships that can exist for an agent or a community of agents. The concept is important for the purpose of enabling knowledge sharing and reuse. The Handbook on Ontologies provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and future prospectives of the field of ontologies. The handbook demonstrates standards that have been created recently, it surveys methods that have been developed and it shows how to bring both into practice of ontology infrastructures and applications that are the best of their kind.

Ontology Representation

R. Hoekstra
Ontology Representation Book PDF

Author : R. Hoekstra
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2009-07-07
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781607504344

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Ontology Representation by R. Hoekstra Pdf

As the (in)famous definition states: "An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization". However, an ontology is also a philosophical theory of existence, a knowledge management resource, a database schema, or a type of knowledge representation artefact on the semantic web. Over the years the term 'ontology' has been used in so many different ways that one can no longer be sure what is meant by it at any given occasion. This book clarifies the role ontologies play in knowledge representation; it discusses the distinctions with their use in philosophy, gives insight in the features, rationale and limitations of the OWL 2 web ontology language, and provides a critical review of methodologies and design principles advocated to improve the quality of ontologies. It covers both theory and practice of knowledge acquisition, representation and ontologies; it emphasises human understanding as knowledge structuring principle, and demonstrates this approach in the development of a core ontology of basic legal concepts (LKIF Core) and in the exploration of expressive ontology design patterns for the representation of social reality, change and causation, actions and transactions. In doing so it contributes to a better understanding of the representation of ontologies; or rather, what it means to do ontology representation.

The Ontology of the Analytic Tradition and Its Origins

Jan Dejnozka
The Ontology of the Analytic Tradition and Its Origins Book PDF

Author : Jan Dejnozka
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0822630532

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The Ontology of the Analytic Tradition and Its Origins by Jan Dejnozka Pdf

The analytic movement advertised its 'linguistic turn' as a radical break from the two-thousand-year-old substance tradition. But this is an illusion. On the fundamental level of ontology, there is enough reformulation and presupposition of traditional 'no entity without identity' themes to analogize Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein, and Quine to Aristotle as paradigmatic of modified realism. Thus the pace of ontology is glacial. Frege and Russell, not Wittgenstein and Quine, emerge as the true analytic progenitors of 'no entity without identity, ' offering between them at least twenty-nine private language arguments and sixty-four 'no entity without identity' theories