Open Science The Very Idea

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Open Science: the Very Idea

Frank Miedema
Open Science the Very Idea Book PDF

Author : Frank Miedema
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789402421156

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Open Science: the Very Idea by Frank Miedema Pdf

This open access book provides a broad context for the understanding of current problems of science and of the different movements aiming to improve the societal impact of science and research. The author offers insights with regard to ideas, old and new, about science, and their historical origins in philosophy and sociology of science, which is of interest to a broad readership. The book shows that scientifically grounded knowledge is required and helpful in understanding intellectual and political positions in various discussions on the grand challenges of our time and how science makes impact on society. The book reveals why interventions that look good or even obvious, are often met with resistance and are hard to realize in practice. Based on a thorough analysis, as well as personal experiences in aids research, university administration and as a science observer, the author provides - while being totally open regarding science's limitations- a realistic narrative about how research is conducted, and how reliable ‘objective’ knowledge is produced. His idea of science, which draws heavily on American pragmatism, fits in with the global Open Science movement. It is argued that Open Science is a truly and historically unique movement in that it translates the analysis of the problems of science into major institutional actions of system change in order to improve academic culture and the impact of science, engaging all actors in the field of science and academia.

The Very Idea of Modern Science

Joseph Agassi
The Very Idea of Modern Science Book PDF

Author : Joseph Agassi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400753518

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The Very Idea of Modern Science by Joseph Agassi Pdf

This book is a study of the scientific revolution as a movement of amateur science. It describes the ideology of the amateur scientific societies as the philosophy of the Enlightenment Movement and their social structure and the way they made modern science such a magnificent institution. It also shows what was missing in the scientific organization of science and why it gave way to professional science in stages. In particular the book studies the contributions of Sir Francis Bacon and of the Hon. Robert Boyle to the rise of modern science. The philosophy of induction is notoriously problematic, yet its great asset is that it expressed the view of the Enlightenment Movement about science. This explains the ambivalence that we still exhibit towards Sir Francis Bacon whose radicalism and vision of pure and applied science still a major aspect of the fabric of society. Finally, the book discusses Boyle’s philosophy, his agreement with and dissent from Bacon and the way he single-handedly trained a crowd of poorly educated English aristocrats and rendered them into an army of able amateur researchers.

Artificial Intelligence

John Haugeland
Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : John Haugeland
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1989-01-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0262580950

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Artificial Intelligence by John Haugeland Pdf

"Machines who think—how utterly preposterous," huff beleaguered humanists, defending their dwindling turf. "Artificial Intelligence—it's here and about to surpass our own," crow techno-visionaries, proclaiming dominion. It's so simple and obvious, each side maintains, only a fanatic could disagree. Deciding where the truth lies between these two extremes is the main purpose of John Haugeland's marvelously lucid and witty book on what artificial intelligence is all about. Although presented entirely in non-technical terms, it neither oversimplifies the science nor evades the fundamental philosophical issues. Far from ducking the really hard questions, it takes them on, one by one. Artificial intelligence, Haugeland notes, is based on a very good idea, which might well be right, and just as well might not. That idea, the idea that human thinking and machine computing are "radically the same," provides the central theme for his illuminating and provocative book about this exciting new field. After a brief but revealing digression in intellectual history, Haugeland systematically tackles such basic questions as: What is a computer really? How can a physical object "mean" anything? What are the options for computational organization? and What structures have been proposed and tried as actual scientific models for intelligence? In a concluding chapter he takes up several outstanding problems and puzzles—including intelligence in action, imagery, feelings and personality—and their enigmatic prospects for solution.

Idea Makers

Stephen Wolfram
Idea Makers Book PDF

Author : Stephen Wolfram
Publisher : Wolfram Media
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 1579550037

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Idea Makers by Stephen Wolfram Pdf

This book of thoroughly engaging essays from one of today's most prodigious innovators provides a uniquely personal perspective on the lives and achievements of a selection of intriguing figures from the history of science and technology. Weaving together his immersive interest in people and history with insights gathered from his own experiences, Stephen Wolfram gives an ennobling look at some of the individuals whose ideas and creations have helped shape our world today. Contents includes biographical sketches of: Richard Feynman Kurt Godel Alan Turing John von Neumann George Boole Ada Lovelace Gottfried Leibniz Benoit Mandelbrot Steve Jobs Marvin Minsky Russell Towle Bertrand Russell Alfred Whitehead Richard Crandall Srinivasa Ramanujan Solomon Golomb

Philosophy of Open Science

Sabina Leonelli
Philosophy of Open Science Book PDF

Author : Sabina Leonelli
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781009416405

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Philosophy of Open Science by Sabina Leonelli Pdf

This Element proposes to frame openness in the Open Science [OS] movement as the effort to establish judicious connections among systems of practice, predicated on a process-oriented view of research as a tool for effective and responsible agency. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Idea Colliders

Michael John Gorman
Idea Colliders Book PDF

Author : Michael John Gorman
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-15
Category : Art
ISBN : 9780262359207

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Idea Colliders by Michael John Gorman Pdf

A provocative call for the transformation of science museums into "idea colliders" that spark creative collaborations and connections. Today's science museums descend from the Kunst-und Wunderkammern of the Renaissance--collectors' private cabinets of curiosities--through the Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851 to today's "interactive" exhibits promising educational fun. In this book, Michael John Gorman issues a provocative call for the transformation of science museums and science centers from institutions dedicated to the transmission of cultural capital to dynamic "idea colliders" that spark creative collaborations and connections. This new kind of science museum would not stage structured tableaux of science facts but would draw scientists into conversation with artists, designers, policymakers, and the public. Rather than insulating visitors from each other with apps and audio guides, the science museum would consider each visitor a resource, bringing questions, ideas, and experiences from a unique perspective.

Creating a Culture of Accessibility in the Sciences

Mahadeo A. Sukhai,Chelsea E. Mohler
Creating a Culture of Accessibility in the Sciences Book PDF

Author : Mahadeo A. Sukhai,Chelsea E. Mohler
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128040867

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Creating a Culture of Accessibility in the Sciences by Mahadeo A. Sukhai,Chelsea E. Mohler Pdf

Creating a Culture of Accessibility in the Sciences provides insights and advice on integrating students with disabilities into the STEM fields. Each chapter features research and best practices that are interwoven with experiential narratives. The book is reflective of the diversity of STEM disciplines (life and physical sciences, engineering, and mathematics), and is also reflective of cross-disability perspectives (physical, sensory, learning, mental health, chronic medical and developmental disabilities). It is a useful resource for STEM faculty and university administrators working with students with disabilities, as well as STEM industry professionals interested in accommodating employees with disabilities. Offers a global perspective on making research or work spaces accessible for students with disabilities in the STEM fields Discusses best practices on accommodating and supporting students and demonstrates how these practices can be translated across disciplines Enhances faculty knowledge of inclusive teaching practices, adaptive equipment, accessibility features, and accommodations in science laboratories, which would enable the safe participation of students with disabilities Provides advice for students with disabilities on disclosure and mentoring

The Doctor and the Algorithm

S. Scott Graham
The Doctor and the Algorithm Book PDF

Author : S. Scott Graham
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2022-08-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780197644461

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The Doctor and the Algorithm by S. Scott Graham Pdf

For years, technologists and computer scientists have promised an AI revolution that would transform the very basis of how we imagine and administer modern medicine. AI-driven advancements in medical error rates, diagnostic accuracy, or disease outbreak detection could potentially save thousands of lives. But health AI also carries the potential for exacerbating deep systemic biases if left unchecked. The Doctor and the Algorithm combines insights from science and technology studies, critical algorithm studies, and public interest informatics to better understand the promise and peril of health AI. The book draws on case studies in automated diagnostics, algorithmic pain measurement, AI-driven drug discovery, and death prediction to investigate how health AI is made, promoted, and justified. It explores the enthusiastic promises of health AI marketing communication and medical futurism while also analyzing the inequitable outcomes new AI technology often creates for already marginalized communities. Finally, the book closes with specific recommendations for regulatory frameworks that might support more ethical and equitable approaches to health AI in the future. Interweaving textual analysis and original informatics, The Doctor and the Algorithm offers a sobering analysis of the promise of medical AI against the real and unintended consequences that deep medicine can bring for patients, providers, and public health alike.

Opening Science

Sönke Bartling,Sascha Friesike
Opening Science Book PDF

Author : Sönke Bartling,Sascha Friesike
Publisher : Springer
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319000268

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Opening Science by Sönke Bartling,Sascha Friesike Pdf

Modern information and communication technologies, together with a cultural upheaval within the research community, have profoundly changed research in nearly every aspect. Ranging from sharing and discussing ideas in social networks for scientists to new collaborative environments and novel publication formats, knowledge creation and dissemination as we know it is experiencing a vigorous shift towards increased transparency, collaboration and accessibility. Many assume that research workflows will change more in the next 20 years than they have in the last 200. This book provides researchers, decision makers, and other scientific stakeholders with a snapshot of the basics, the tools, and the underlying visions that drive the current scientific (r)evolution, often called ‘Open Science.’

Talent Management in Higher Education

Marian Thunnissen,Paul Boselie
Talent Management in Higher Education Book PDF

Author : Marian Thunnissen,Paul Boselie
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2024-05-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781802626858

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Talent Management in Higher Education by Marian Thunnissen,Paul Boselie Pdf

The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. This short book aims to present an overview of empirical research on Talent Management, and offers an integrated model that addresses the full nature and scope of TM in practice.

Open

Rajiv S. Jhangiani,Robert Biswas-Diener
Open Book PDF

Author : Rajiv S. Jhangiani,Robert Biswas-Diener
Publisher : Ubiquity Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03-27
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781911529019

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Open by Rajiv S. Jhangiani,Robert Biswas-Diener Pdf

Affordable education. Transparent science. Accessible scholarship. These ideals are slowly becoming a reality thanks to the open education, open science, and open access movements. Running separate—if parallel—courses, they all share a philosophy of equity, progress, and justice. This book shares the stories, motives, insights, and practical tips from global leaders in the open movement.

We Have No Idea

Jorge Cham,Daniel Whiteson
We Have No Idea Book PDF

Author : Jorge Cham,Daniel Whiteson
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780735211537

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We Have No Idea by Jorge Cham,Daniel Whiteson Pdf

Prepare to learn everything we still don’t know about our strange and mysterious universe Humanity's understanding of the physical world is full of gaps. Not tiny little gaps you can safely ignore —there are huge yawning voids in our basic notions of how the world works. PHD Comics creator Jorge Cham and particle physicist Daniel Whiteson have teamed up to explore everything we don't know about the universe: the enormous holes in our knowledge of the cosmos. Armed with their popular infographics, cartoons, and unusually entertaining and lucid explanations of science, they give us the best answers currently available for a lot of questions that are still perplexing scientists, including: * Why does the universe have a speed limit? * Why aren't we all made of antimatter? * What (or who) is attacking Earth with tiny, superfast particles? * What is dark matter, and why does it keep ignoring us? It turns out the universe is full of weird things that don't make any sense. But Cham and Whiteson make a compelling case that the questions we can't answer are as interesting as the ones we can. This fully illustrated introduction to the biggest mysteries in physics also helpfully demystifies many complicated things we do know about, from quarks and neutrinos to gravitational waves and exploding black holes. With equal doses of humor and delight, Cham and Whiteson invite us to see the universe as a possibly boundless expanse of uncharted territory that's still ours to explore.

Reconstructing Research Integrity

Barbara Redman
Reconstructing Research Integrity Book PDF

Author : Barbara Redman
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2023-03-23
Category : Study Aids
ISBN : 9783031271113

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Reconstructing Research Integrity by Barbara Redman Pdf

This book exposes significant threats to research integrity and identifies policies and practices that can reverse these trends. It is focused on human research and US policy. Recent assessments have shown inadequacies in institutions, policies, and practices that seriously compromise ethics. The presumed self-regulatory nature of the scientific endeavor has been exposed to have allowed unabated areas of poor-quality science, an incomplete and inaccessible scientific record, conflicts of interest, differing notions of accountability, virtually no evidence base to direct research integrity policy, and a growing sense of alienation, moral injury and even revolt among scientists. Reconstructing Research Integrity aims to capture ways of vigorously moving toward scientific and ethical rigor, including self-correction and emerging or already-successful initiatives. The book begins with analysis of the full system of institutions, policies, and practices involved in production, dissemination, and application of research, including an examination of the blind spots in research ethics ideology, policy, and practice. The book then identifies policies and practices that can reverse harmful ethical trends, such as strengthening Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training and improving self-regulation in the scientific community. Finally, the book discusses the constant evolution of research ethics and integrity, which is illustrated by emerging research fields like gene editing and data science. This book will be of interest to all research administrators in academic, commercial and government positions; to policy advisors at the National Science Foundation and at the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine; to graduate students in research ethics; to advanced bioethics education programs across the globe; and to researchers and consultants in ELSI (ethical, legal, and social implications) programs.

Citizen Science

Susanne Hecker,Muki Haklay,Anne Bowser,Zen Makuch,Johannes Vogel,Aletta Bonn
Citizen Science Book PDF

Author : Susanne Hecker,Muki Haklay,Anne Bowser,Zen Makuch,Johannes Vogel,Aletta Bonn
Publisher : UCL Press
Page : 582 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781787352339

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Citizen Science by Susanne Hecker,Muki Haklay,Anne Bowser,Zen Makuch,Johannes Vogel,Aletta Bonn Pdf

Citizen science, the active participation of the public in scientific research projects, is a rapidly expanding field in open science and open innovation. It provides an integrated model of public knowledge production and engagement with science. As a growing worldwide phenomenon, it is invigorated by evolving new technologies that connect people easily and effectively with the scientific community. Catalysed by citizens’ wishes to be actively involved in scientific processes, as a result of recent societal trends, it also offers contributions to the rise in tertiary education. In addition, citizen science provides a valuable tool for citizens to play a more active role in sustainable development. This book identifies and explains the role of citizen science within innovation in science and society, and as a vibrant and productive science-policy interface. The scope of this volume is global, geared towards identifying solutions and lessons to be applied across science, practice and policy. The chapters consider the role of citizen science in the context of the wider agenda of open science and open innovation, and discuss progress towards responsible research and innovation, two of the most critical aspects of science today.

Never Waste a Good Crisis

Klaas Sijtsma
Never Waste a Good Crisis Book PDF

Author : Klaas Sijtsma
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2023-06-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000888904

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Never Waste a Good Crisis by Klaas Sijtsma Pdf

This book covers statistical consequences of breaches of research integrity such as fabrication and falsification of data, and researcher glitches summarized as questionable research practices. It is unique in that it discusses how unwarranted data manipulation harms research results and that questionable research practices are often caused by researchers’ inadequate mastery of the statistical methods and procedures they use for their data analysis. The author’s solution to prevent problems concerning the trustworthiness of research results, no matter how they originated, is to publish data in publicly available repositories and encourage researchers not trained as statisticians not to overestimate their statistical skills and resort to professional support from statisticians or methodologists. The author discusses some of his experiences concerning mutual trust, fear of repercussions, and the bystander effect as conditions limiting revelation of colleagues’ possible integrity breaches. He explains why people are unable to mimic real data and why data fabrication using statistical models stills falls short of credibility. Confirmatory and exploratory research and the usefulness of preregistration, and the counter-intuitivenature of statistics, are discussed. The author questions the usefulness of statistical advice concerning frequentist hypothesis testing, Bayes-factor use, alternative statistics education, and reduction of situational disturbances like performance pressure, as stand-alone means to reduce questionable research practices when researchers lack experience with statistics. An interview with the author can be found here: https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/magazine/overview/former-rector-sijtsma-turn-statistician-fight-fraud-and-sloppiness.