Optical Anisotropy Of Biological Polycrystalline Networks

Optical Anisotropy Of Biological Polycrystalline Networks Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Optical Anisotropy Of Biological Polycrystalline Networks book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.

Optical Anisotropy of Biological Polycrystalline Networks

Lilia Trifonyuk,Iryna V. Soltys,Alexander G. Ushenko,Yuriy A. Ushenko,Alexander V. Dubolazov,Jun Zheng
Optical Anisotropy of Biological Polycrystalline Networks Book PDF

Author : Lilia Trifonyuk,Iryna V. Soltys,Alexander G. Ushenko,Yuriy A. Ushenko,Alexander V. Dubolazov,Jun Zheng
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2023-05-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789819910878

Get Book

Optical Anisotropy of Biological Polycrystalline Networks by Lilia Trifonyuk,Iryna V. Soltys,Alexander G. Ushenko,Yuriy A. Ushenko,Alexander V. Dubolazov,Jun Zheng Pdf

This book highlights the analysis of new azimuth-independent methods of Stokes polarimetry and Mueller-matrix reconstruction of distributions of optical anisotropy parameters using spatial-frequency filtering of manifestations of phase (linear and circular birefringence) and amplitude (linear and circular dichroism) anisotropy for diagnosing changes in the orientational-phase structure of fibrillar networks of histological sections of biological tissues and polycrystalline films of biological fluids.

Mueller-Matrix Tomography of Biological Tissues and Fluids

Zhengbing Hu,Yuriy A. Ushenko,Iryna V. Soltys,Oleksandr V. Dubolazov,M. P. Gorsky,Oleksandr V. Olar,Liliya Yu. Trifonyuk
Mueller Matrix Tomography of Biological Tissues and Fluids Book PDF

Author : Zhengbing Hu,Yuriy A. Ushenko,Iryna V. Soltys,Oleksandr V. Dubolazov,M. P. Gorsky,Oleksandr V. Olar,Liliya Yu. Trifonyuk
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2024-01-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789819982288

Get Book

Mueller-Matrix Tomography of Biological Tissues and Fluids by Zhengbing Hu,Yuriy A. Ushenko,Iryna V. Soltys,Oleksandr V. Dubolazov,M. P. Gorsky,Oleksandr V. Olar,Liliya Yu. Trifonyuk Pdf

This book presents experimental investigations and digital image processing, highlighting the interaction of polarized radiation with phase-inhomogeneous and optically anisotropic biological layers. The promising and efficient use of vector-parametric description of the formation of polarization-inhomogeneous object fields is noted. Applications of a set of Mueller-matrix polarimetry methods are highlighted. The book includes- structural and logical scheme of multi-parameter (singular, interference and layer-by-layer Stokes-polarimetric), polarization-correlation study of the structure of distributions of the number of singularities, maps of local contrast of interference distributions and layer-by-layer maps of microscopic polarization azimuth and ellipticity; determination of relationships between changes in the magnitude of statistical parameters characterizing polarization-correlation distributions and pathology of prostate tumors.

Multi-parameter Mueller Matrix Microscopy for the Expert Assessment of Acute Myocardium Ischemia

Victor Bachinsky,Oleh Ya Vanchulyak,Alexander G. Ushenko,Yurii A. Ushenko,Alexander V. Dubolazov,Alexander Bykov,Benjamin Hogan,Igor Meglinski
Multi parameter Mueller Matrix Microscopy for the Expert Assessment of Acute Myocardium Ischemia Book PDF

Author : Victor Bachinsky,Oleh Ya Vanchulyak,Alexander G. Ushenko,Yurii A. Ushenko,Alexander V. Dubolazov,Alexander Bykov,Benjamin Hogan,Igor Meglinski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-04-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811614507

Get Book

Multi-parameter Mueller Matrix Microscopy for the Expert Assessment of Acute Myocardium Ischemia by Victor Bachinsky,Oleh Ya Vanchulyak,Alexander G. Ushenko,Yurii A. Ushenko,Alexander V. Dubolazov,Alexander Bykov,Benjamin Hogan,Igor Meglinski Pdf

This book provides an essential overview of the basic principles of imaging modalities, accompanied by examples of their applications in modern clinical and associated pre-clinical studies. The monograph is based on the original results of investigation of the efficiency use of laser light and Mueller-matrix polarimetry approach for assessment of myocardial tissues towards confirmation the cause of death. A morphological analysis of necrotic changes in the myocardial tissue of patients that died due to heart attack, coronary heart disease and acute coronary insufficiency was carried out and the data and histological sections of the myocardium inspected utilizing Mueller-matrix mapping of tissue samples with polarized light. A unified optical model of polycrystalline structure of the myocardium is proposed, and the principles and regulations of Mueller-matrix description of its polarization manifestations are explored and developed. The book also provides a statistical and scale-selective wavelet analysis of polarization and Mueller-matrix maps. Finally, the key forensic medical criteria for the differential diagnosis of the cause of death due to necrotic and pathological changes in the morphological structure of the myocardium have been established

Polarization Correlometry of Scattering Biological Tissues and Fluids

V. T. Bachinskyi,O. Ya. Wanchulyak,A. G. Ushenko,Yu. A. Ushenko,A. V. Dubolazov,Igor Meglinski
Polarization Correlometry of Scattering Biological Tissues and Fluids Book PDF

Author : V. T. Bachinskyi,O. Ya. Wanchulyak,A. G. Ushenko,Yu. A. Ushenko,A. V. Dubolazov,Igor Meglinski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-04-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811526282

Get Book

Polarization Correlometry of Scattering Biological Tissues and Fluids by V. T. Bachinskyi,O. Ya. Wanchulyak,A. G. Ushenko,Yu. A. Ushenko,A. V. Dubolazov,Igor Meglinski Pdf

This book presents a new diagnostic approach that utilizes complex statistical, correlation, fractal, and singular analysis of spatial distribution of the Stokes vector of scattered polarized light in different diffraction zones. The technique is able to identify changes in the distribution of optical axes and the birefringent indices of multi-layered fibrillar networks of biological tissues. The book also presents various scenarios for the formation of polarization singularities in laser speckle images of phase-inhomogeneous, multi-layered biological tissues in terms of the characteristic values of Mueller-matrix images. Moreover, in the context of potential diagnostic applications, it discusses the states of polarization singularities and their changes associated with the pathological abnormalities of the extracellular matrix of human tissues, its spatial peculiarities and structural orientation.

Digital Information Methods of Polarization, Mueller-Matrix and Fluorescent Microscopy

V. L. Vasyuk,Andriy V. Kalashnikov,Victor V. Protsyuk,Yu. A. Ushenko,Alexander V. Dubolazov,A. G. Ushenko,Jun Zheng
Digital Information Methods of Polarization Mueller Matrix and Fluorescent Microscopy Book PDF

Author : V. L. Vasyuk,Andriy V. Kalashnikov,Victor V. Protsyuk,Yu. A. Ushenko,Alexander V. Dubolazov,A. G. Ushenko,Jun Zheng
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2023-09-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789819947355

Get Book

Digital Information Methods of Polarization, Mueller-Matrix and Fluorescent Microscopy by V. L. Vasyuk,Andriy V. Kalashnikov,Victor V. Protsyuk,Yu. A. Ushenko,Alexander V. Dubolazov,A. G. Ushenko,Jun Zheng Pdf

This book highlights the effectiveness of differential diagnosis in the degree of severity of joint pathology from a clinical, biophysical, and informational point of view. It includes the following information blocks: • Two-dimensional digital polarization microscopy of polycrystalline films of synovial fluid and determination of the coordinate distributions of the orientation and phase parameters of the microscopic image from a set of parameters of the Stokes vector. • Mueller-matrix mapping of polycrystalline films of synovial fluid and determination of a set of coordinate distributions (Mueller-matrix images (MMI)) of azimuthal-invariant elements that characterize manifestations of optical activity and linear birefringence. • Development of algorithms for polarization reproduction of distributions of linear and circular birefringence of polycrystalline films of synovial fluid. • Identification of digital statistical, correlation and wavelet criteria of polarization and Mueller-matrix differential diagnosis of the degree of severity of joint pathology. • Determination of maps of laser-induced fluorescence of synovial fluid polycrystalline films. • Identification of statistical and correlational criteria for fluorescent differential diagnosis of the degree of severity of joint pathology. • Operational characteristics of the power of the methods of azimuth-invariant polarization, Mueller-matrix and laser autofluorescence microscopy of polycrystalline films of synovial fluid.

Laser Polarimetry of Biological Tissues

Zhengbin Hu,I.L. Bezhenar,O.Y. Vanchulyak,A. G. Ushenko,Yu. A. Ushenko,Mykhailo P. Gorsky,Igor Meglinski
Laser Polarimetry of Biological Tissues Book PDF

Author : Zhengbin Hu,I.L. Bezhenar,O.Y. Vanchulyak,A. G. Ushenko,Yu. A. Ushenko,Mykhailo P. Gorsky,Igor Meglinski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2023-06-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789819917341

Get Book

Laser Polarimetry of Biological Tissues by Zhengbin Hu,I.L. Bezhenar,O.Y. Vanchulyak,A. G. Ushenko,Yu. A. Ushenko,Mykhailo P. Gorsky,Igor Meglinski Pdf

This book highlights the results of numerical computer-aided smart methods as part of a comprehensive statistical, correlated, and fractal analysis of laser polarimetry. It includes a comprehensive approach to differentiation of lifelong or postmortem origin of injuries and determination of their antiquity based on the analysis of statistical and spatiotemporal frequency evolution of photometric, polarization, and phase parameters of laser images of histological sections of the skin of biomannequins. It discusses the relationship between the coordinate distributions of the intensity of laser images from skin tissues of biomannequins and the nature of its damage. It presents the analysis of relationships between changes in the mean and variance of coordinate distributions of azimuths and ellipticity of polarization images of histological skin sections and the time intervals after injury. Complex differentiation of lifelong and postmortem skin injuries of biomannequins and establishment of their time intervals throughout the entire monitoring interval of changes in the mean and variance of coordinate distributions of phase shifts between orthogonal components of the amplitude of laser images of a series of corresponding histological sections are also presented in this book.

Correlation and Autofluorescence Microscopy in Forensics Medicine: Time of Death Detection Using Polycrystalline Cerebrospinal Fluid Films

M. S. Harazdyuk,V. T. Bachinsky,O. Ya Wanchulyak,A. G. Ushenko,Yu. A. Ushenko,A. V. Dubolazov,M. P. Gorsky,A. V. Bykov,I. Meglinski
Correlation and Autofluorescence Microscopy in Forensics Medicine Time of Death Detection Using Polycrystalline Cerebrospinal Fluid Films Book PDF

Author : M. S. Harazdyuk,V. T. Bachinsky,O. Ya Wanchulyak,A. G. Ushenko,Yu. A. Ushenko,A. V. Dubolazov,M. P. Gorsky,A. V. Bykov,I. Meglinski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 73 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Biomedical engineering
ISBN : 9789811601972

Get Book

Correlation and Autofluorescence Microscopy in Forensics Medicine: Time of Death Detection Using Polycrystalline Cerebrospinal Fluid Films by M. S. Harazdyuk,V. T. Bachinsky,O. Ya Wanchulyak,A. G. Ushenko,Yu. A. Ushenko,A. V. Dubolazov,M. P. Gorsky,A. V. Bykov,I. Meglinski Pdf

This book highlights the first systematic synthesis of various research approaches in forensic medical diagnosis of the morphological and polycrystalline structure of human biological tissues and biological fluids. One of the global challenges in such diagnosis is the assessment of actual time of death. The relevance and objectivity of such studies are given by the innovative use of complex multifunctional methods using lasers and Mueller-matrix polarimetry, which is presented in this book. As a result, within the framework of the statistical, correlation and fractal approaches, diagnostic relationships were established between the time parameters of the transformation of the topographic structure of polarization-inhomogeneous microscopic images of biological preparations and necrotic changes in the morphological structure of biological tissues of the deceased. On this foundation, new forensic medicine criteria have been developed for objective determination of time of death.

Phase Mapping of Human Biological Tissues

Zhengbin Hu,V. T. Bachinsky,O. Y. Vanchulyak,Iryna V. Soltys,Yu. A. Ushenko,A. G. Ushenko,Igor Meglinski
Phase Mapping of Human Biological Tissues Book PDF

Author : Zhengbin Hu,V. T. Bachinsky,O. Y. Vanchulyak,Iryna V. Soltys,Yu. A. Ushenko,A. G. Ushenko,Igor Meglinski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 81 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2023-06-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789819932696

Get Book

Phase Mapping of Human Biological Tissues by Zhengbin Hu,V. T. Bachinsky,O. Y. Vanchulyak,Iryna V. Soltys,Yu. A. Ushenko,A. G. Ushenko,Igor Meglinski Pdf

This book presents numerical computer-aided smart-methods as part of a comprehensive statistical, correlation and fractal analysis of laser polarimetry data. It highlights relationships between polarization (azimuth distributions, polarization ellipticities, Stokes vector parameters, Mueller matrix elements) parameters of laser images of biological tissues of a human corpse in different spectral ranges and temporal dynamics of their postmortem morphological changes. The book discusses the effectiveness of correlation analysis of two-dimensional distributions of polarization inhomogeneous images of histological sections of the main types of biological tissues in determining the time of death. It also discusses the development of basic principles of phase measurements (phasometry) of microscopic images of biological tissues to determine the age of death and the time of hematoma formation. Also presented in the book are possibilities of complex laser spectral photopolarimetry images of histological sections of biological tissues of human corpse in different spectral regions, with the simultaneous development and substantiation of a set of statistical and correlational criteria for objective determination of the time of death.

4th International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering

Ion Tiginyanu,Victor Sontea,Serghei Railean
4th International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering Book PDF

Author : Ion Tiginyanu,Victor Sontea,Serghei Railean
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 835 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030318666

Get Book

4th International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering by Ion Tiginyanu,Victor Sontea,Serghei Railean Pdf

This book gathers the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Biomedical Engineering, held on September 18-21, 2019, in Chisinau, Republic of Moldova. It continues the tradition of the previous conference proceedings, thus reporting on both fundamental and applied research at the interface between nanotechnologies and biomedical engineering. Topics include: developments in bio-micro/nanotechnologies and devices; biomedical signal processing; biomedical imaging; biomaterials for biomedical applications; biomimetics; bioinformatics and e-health, and advances in a number of related areas. The book offers a timely snapshot of cutting-edge, multidisciplinary research and developments in the field of biomedical and nano-engineering.

Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II

Waldemar Wójcik,Sergii Pavlov,Maksat Kalimoldayev
Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II Book PDF

Author : Waldemar Wójcik,Sergii Pavlov,Maksat Kalimoldayev
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780429615498

Get Book

Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II by Waldemar Wójcik,Sergii Pavlov,Maksat Kalimoldayev Pdf

For many centuries, mankind has tried to learn about his health. Initially, during the pre-technological period, he could only rely on his senses. Then there were simple tools to help the senses. The breakthrough turned out to be the discovery of X-rays, which gave insight into the human body. Contemporary medical diagnostics are increasingly supported by information technology, which for example offers a very thorough analysis of the tissue image or the pathology differentiation. It also offers possibilities for very early preventive diagnosis. Under the influence of information technology, 'traditional' diagnostic techniques and new ones are changing. More and more often the same methods can be used for both medical and technical diagnostics. In addition, methodologies are developed that are inspired by the functioning of living organisms. Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II is the second volume in a series showing the latest advances in information technologies directly or indirectly applied to medical diagnostics. Unlike the previous book, this volume does not contain closed chapters, but rather extended versions of presentations made during two conferences: XLVIII International Scientific and Practical Conference ‘Application of Lasers in Medicine and Biology’ (Kharkov, Ukraine) and the International Scientific Internet conference ‘Computer graphics and image processing’ (Vinnitsa, Ukriane), both held in May 2018. Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics II links technological issues to medical and biological issues, and will be valuable to academics and professionals interested in medical diagnostics and IT.

Optical Interferometry for Biology and Medicine

David D. Nolte
Optical Interferometry for Biology and Medicine Book PDF

Author : David D. Nolte
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2011-12-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461408901

Get Book

Optical Interferometry for Biology and Medicine by David D. Nolte Pdf

This book presents the fundamental physics of optical interferometry as applied to biophysical, biological and medical research. Interference is at the core of many types of optical detection and is a powerful probe of cellular and tissue structure in interfererence microscopy and in optical coherence tomography. It is also the root cause of speckle and other imaging artefacts that limit range and resolution. For biosensor applications, the inherent sensitivity of interferometry enables ultrasensitive detection of molecules in biological samples for medical diagnostics. In this book, emphasis is placed on the physics of light scattering, beginning with the molecular origins of refraction as light propagates through matter, and then treating the stochastic nature of random fields that ultimately dominate optical imaging in cells and tissue. The physics of partial coherence plays a central role in the text, with a focus on coherence detection techniques that allow information to be selectively detected out of incoherent and heterogeneous backgrounds. Optical Interferometry for Biology and Medicine is divided into four sections. The first covers fundamental principles, and the next three move up successive scales, beginning with molecular interferometry (biosensors), moving to cellular interferometry (microscopy), and ending with tissue interferometry (biomedical). An outstanding feature of the book is the clear presentation of the physics, with easy derivations of the appropriate equations, while emphasizing "rules of thumb" that can be applied by experimental researchers to give semi-quantitative predictions.

Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics

Waldemar Wójcik,Andrzej Smolarz
Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics Book PDF

Author : Waldemar Wójcik,Andrzej Smolarz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781351578950

Get Book

Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics by Waldemar Wójcik,Andrzej Smolarz Pdf

For many centuries, people have tried to learn about the state of their health. Initially, in the pre-technological period, they had to rely only on their senses. Then there were simple tools to help the human senses. The discovery of X-rays, which allowed people to look “inside” the body, turned out to be a major breakthrough. Contemporary medical diagnostics is increasingly being assisted by information technology that allows, for example, thorough image tissue analysis or pathology differentiation. They also allow very early preventive diagnostics. Influenced by information technology, “classic” diagnostic techniques change and new ones arise. Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics presents selected and extended conference papers from Polish, Ukrainian and Kazakh scientists. They address problems of the application of new methods of image processing for analysis of medical images, new methods of classification of medical data as well as new medical imaging methods. Some of the presented technologies are inspired by the functioning of living organisms. Information Technology in Medical Diagnostics is of interest not only to academics and engineers, but also to professionals involved in biomedical engineering, and seeking for solutions for issues that cannot be solved with the help of “traditional” technologies.

Optical Polarimetric Modalities for Biomedical Research

Nirmal Mazumder,Yury V. Kistenev,Ekaterina Borisova,Shama Prasada K.
Optical Polarimetric Modalities for Biomedical Research Book PDF

Author : Nirmal Mazumder,Yury V. Kistenev,Ekaterina Borisova,Shama Prasada K.
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031318528

Get Book

Optical Polarimetric Modalities for Biomedical Research by Nirmal Mazumder,Yury V. Kistenev,Ekaterina Borisova,Shama Prasada K. Pdf

This book focuses on polarization microscopy, a powerful optical tool used to study anisotropic properties in biomolecules, and its enormous potential to improve diagnostic tools for various biomedical research. The interaction of polarized light with normal and abnormal regions of tissue reveals structural information associated with its pathological condition. Diagnosis using conventional microscopy can be time-consuming, as pathologists require an hour to freeze and stain tissue slices from suspected patients. In comparison, polarization microscopy more quickly distinguishes abnormal tissue and provides better microstructural information of samples, even in the absence of staining. This book provides a basic understanding of the properties of polarized light, a description of the polarization microscope, and a mathematical formalism of Mueller matrix polarimetry. The authors discuss various advanced linear and nonlinear optical techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflectance and transmission spectroscopy, fluorescence, multiphoton excitation, second harmonic generation, Raman microscopy, and more. They explore the exciting potential of integrating polarimetry with these techniques for possible applications in different areas of biomedical research, as well as the associated challenges. Including the most recent developments on the topic, this book serves as a modern guide to polarization microscopy and advancements in its use in biomedical research.

Advanced Photonics Methods for Biomedical Applications

Edik Rafailov,Tatjana Gric
Advanced Photonics Methods for Biomedical Applications Book PDF

Author : Edik Rafailov,Tatjana Gric
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000880052

Get Book

Advanced Photonics Methods for Biomedical Applications by Edik Rafailov,Tatjana Gric Pdf

Advanced photonics methods for biomedical applications give researchers in universities and industries, and clinicians an overview of the novel tools for cancer diagnostics and treatment. This book provides researchers and professionals in the area of biomedical photonics with a toolbox of novel methodologies for biomedical applications, including health diagnostics, cancer detection, and treatment. It covers the theory, modeling, and design of each method, alongside their applications, fabrication, characterization, and measurements in clinical practice. A wide scope of concepts concerning innovative science and technologies of medicine will be covered, providing the readers with the latest research, developments, and technologies. It will also be a valuable resource for students and early-career researchers, alongside those involved in the design of the novel photonics-based techniques for health diagnostics and cancer detection and treatment. Key features • Discusses novel methods of cancer diagnostics and cancer treatment. • Details non and minimally invasive photonics techniques. • Explores the applications of machine learning and artificial intelligence to these novel techniques.

Physics of the Human Body

Irving P. Herman
Physics of the Human Body Book PDF

Author : Irving P. Herman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 953 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319239323

Get Book

Physics of the Human Body by Irving P. Herman Pdf

This book comprehensively addresses the physics and engineering aspects of human physiology by using and building on first-year college physics and mathematics. Topics include the mechanics of the static body and the body in motion, the mechanical properties of the body, muscles in the body, the energetics of body metabolism, fluid flow in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the acoustics of sound waves in speaking and hearing, vision and the optics of the eye, the electrical properties of the body, and the basic engineering principles of feedback and control in regulating all aspects of function. The goal of this text is to clearly explain the physics issues concerning the human body, in part by developing and then using simple and subsequently more refined models of the macrophysics of the human body. Many chapters include a brief review of the underlying physics. There are problems at the end of each chapter; solutions to selected problems are also provided. This second edition enhances the treatments of the physics of motion, sports, and diseases and disorders, and integrates discussions of these topics as they appear throughout the book. Also, it briefly addresses physical measurements of and in the body, and offers a broader selection of problems, which, as in the first edition, are geared to a range of student levels. This text is geared to undergraduates interested in physics, medical applications of physics, quantitative physiology, medicine, and biomedical engineering.