Optimal Tariffs With Smuggling

Author : Johnson, Michael E.,Dorosh, Paul A.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2015-12-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Optimal tariffs with smuggling by Johnson, Michael E.,Dorosh, Paul A. Pdf

Utilizing a spatial multi-market model for rice in Nigeria that explicitly takes into account the potential for smuggling, in this paper we analyze the welfare implications of alternative rice tariff rates given the government’s goals of spurring domestic production and reducing imports. Because smuggling occurs through the diversion of imports from Lagos, the official port of entry in the south, to the north, our modeling framework also captures the spatial effects of higher tariffs on changes in rural and urban prices, production and consumption, the flow of trade in rice, and welfare across different parts of the country. Results show that tariff rates that exceed about 40 percent introduce some smuggling of rice through the north when smuggling becomes more profitable than importing through official channels in the south. It is also at this tipping point that government tariff revenues are maximized. At higher tariff rates with smuggling, the south experiences greater welfare losses, especially in urban areas.

Author : Jagdish N. Bhagwati
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781483274805

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Illegal Transactions in International Trade by Jagdish N. Bhagwati Pdf

Studies in International Economics, Volume 1: Illegal Transactions in International Trade: Theory and Measurement embraces the theoretical, empirical, and econometric aspects of international economic analysis. The selection first elaborates on a theoretical analysis of smuggling, an alternative proof of the Bhagwati-Hansen results on smuggling and welfare, and smuggling and trade policy. Discussions focus on optimal tariff and revenue questions, legal trade eliminated by smuggling, legal trade co-existing with smuggling, overinvoicing and underinvoicing of transactions, and smuggling and welfare. The text then examines overinvoicing, underutilization, and distorted industrial growth, fiscal policies, faking of foreign trade declarations, and the balance of payments, and accuracy of economic observations. Topics include statistics of foreign commodity trade, trade tariffs and subsidies, effect on capital complexity, industrial employment and output growth, implications for industrial development, effective exchange rate for capital imports, and foreign-exchange profits of overinvoicing. The manuscript ponders on tariffs and smuggling in Indonesia and the problems of assessing unrecorded trade, including complications in comparing partners' trade accounts, measuring recorded values of all products, market impact of smuggling, and methods for detecting smuggling. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in international trade.

Author : Peyton Ferrier
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1376446057

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The Economics of Agricultural and Wildlife Smuggling by Peyton Ferrier Pdf

The United States bans imports of certain agricultural and wildlife goods that can carry pathogens or diseases or whose harvest can threaten wildlife stocks or endanger species. Despite these bans, contraband is regularly uncovered in inspections of cargo containers and in domestic markets. This study characterizes the economic factors affecting agricultural and wildlife smuggling by drawing on inspection and interdiction data from USDA and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and existing economic literature. Findings reveal that agricultural and wildlife smuggling primarily include luxury goods, ethnic foods, and specialty goods, such as traditional medicines. Incidents of detected smuggling are disproportionately higher for agricultural goods originating in China and for wildlife goods originating in Mexico. Fragmentary data show that approximately 1 percent of all commercial wildlife shipments to the United States and 0.40 percent of all U.S. wildlife imports by value are refused entry and suspected of being smuggled.

Author : Harvey Lapan,Bruno Larue,Université Laval. Département d'économique,Université Laval. Centre de recherche en économie et finance appliquées
Publisher : Dép. d'économique, Université Laval
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Foreign trade regulation
ISBN : IND:30000112293711

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Monopoly Power in Domestic Production, Smuggling, and the Non-equivalence Between Tariffs and Quotas by Harvey Lapan,Bruno Larue,Université Laval. Département d'économique,Université Laval. Centre de recherche en économie et finance appliquées Pdf

Author : Murray C. Kemp
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134599448

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International Trade and National Welfare by Murray C. Kemp Pdf

When can a country be said to benefit from free trade? This question has obsessed economists for more than 200 years, and a definitive answer has never been provided. Continuing the influential work begun in The Gains from Trade and the Gains from Aid, (Routledge 1995), Murray Kemp here presents the recent progress he and his co-workers have made in tackling this important question.

Author : Oliver Morrissey,Ricardo A. López,Kishor Sharma
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781781005316

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Handbook on Trade and Development by Oliver Morrissey,Ricardo A. López,Kishor Sharma Pdf

This timely Handbook comprehensively explores the complex relationships between trade and economic performance in developing countries, illustrating that it is not trade per se that is important but the context, at the firm, country and regional level, in which trade occurs.

Author : Davide Furceri,Swarnali Ahmed Hannan,Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Mr.Andrew K. Rose
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484390061

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Macroeconomic Consequences of Tariffs by Davide Furceri,Swarnali Ahmed Hannan,Mr.Jonathan David Ostry,Mr.Andrew K. Rose Pdf

We study the macroeconomic consequences of tariffs. We estimate impulse response functions from local projections using a panel of annual data that spans 151 countries over 1963-2014. We find that tariff increases lead, in the medium term, to economically and statistically significant declines in domestic output and productivity. Tariff increases also result in more unemployment, higher inequality, and real exchange rate appreciation, but only small effects on the trade balance. The effects on output and productivity tend to be magnified when tariffs rise during expansions, for advanced economies, and when tariffs go up, not down. Our results are robust to a large number of perturbations to our methodology, and we complement our analysis with industry-level data.

Author : Oded Shenkar,Yadong Luo
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 617 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781412949064

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International Business by Oded Shenkar,Yadong Luo Pdf

Written by two leading international business scholars, the Second Edition of International Business takes a truly global perspective that goes beyond the United States, presents the latest concepts, tools and events and adopts integrated and problem-solving approaches for all chapters. The book highlights the role of culture, politics and legal issues in international business and illustrates how they influence institutions, structures and processes that permeate all functions of business. This is the only international business textbook that offers dedicated discussion of small and mid-size international firms (where many students are likely to be employed) in addition to large multinational enterprises. It is also the only text to offer chapters on corruption, e-commerce, and international entrepreneurship. The book offers a highly integrated and action-focused approach to the field that helps the reader make explicit connections across concepts and functions, develops the skill to address various IB issues and problems, and most importantly, broadens understanding of the global business environment and its repercussions for executives. In addition to superior internal integration of the various issues discussed in the book (for example this may be the only IB text where the chapter on finance and accounting has specific references to culture and how it affects those functions), the book provides easy to understand links to functional business areas, thus enabling better integration within the BA or MBA business curriculum. This book is suitable for both undergraduate and graduate business students taking such courses as international business, international Management, Global Business, Global Business Strategy, Multinational Management, Foreign Direct Investment.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Concept Publishing Company
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Trade, Distortion and Growth by Anonim Pdf

Author : Bharat Hazari
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317241706

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The Pure Theory of International Trade and Distortions (Routledge Revivals) by Bharat Hazari Pdf

First published in 1978. This book provides a simple, systematic, yet rigorous treatment of the key aspects of the pure theory of international trade and distortions. The opening chapter presents the standard two-factor, two-commodity barter model of international trade and a comprehensive treatment of the important properties and relationships. The rest of the book consists of four sections: parts One and Two are devoted to an analysis of factor market imperfections, and Parts Three and Four consider the trade-theoretical consequences of product market imperfections. A concluding chapter presents some generalised theorems. This book would be of interest to students of economics.

Author : Bouet, Antoine,Pace, Kathryn,Glauber, Joseph W.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Informal cross-border trade in Africa: How much? Why? And what impact? by Bouet, Antoine,Pace, Kathryn,Glauber, Joseph W. Pdf

Informal cross-border trade (ICBT) represents a prominent phenomenon in Africa. Several studies suggest that for certain products and countries, the value of informal trade may meet or even exceed the value of formal trade. This paper provides a review of existing efforts to measure informal trade. We list 18 initiatives aimed at measuring ICBT in Africa. The paper also summarizes discussions conducted with many stakeholders in Africa between December 2016 and May 2018 regarding the measurement, the determinants, and the implications of ICBT. The methodologies used to measure ICBT in Africa differ widely, but they do confirm that informal trade in Africa is both sizeable and volatile. Both evidence on the determinants of ICBT and discussions with stakeholders suggest that policies should aim to reduce the existing costs associated with formal trade and provide positive incentives for traders and producers to move into the formal economy in order to avoid the loss of economic potential stemming from informal trade.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015039307015

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Indian Economic Review by Anonim Pdf

Author : Birthal, Pratap S.,Chand, Ramesh,Joshi, Pramod Kumar,Saxena, Raka,Rajkhowa, Pallavi,Khan, Md. Tajuddin,Khan, Mohd Arshad,Chaudhary, Khyali R.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2016-03-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Formal versus informal by Birthal, Pratap S.,Chand, Ramesh,Joshi, Pramod Kumar,Saxena, Raka,Rajkhowa, Pallavi,Khan, Md. Tajuddin,Khan, Mohd Arshad,Chaudhary, Khyali R. Pdf

Despite a growing dairy industry in India, farmers’ lack of access to organized markets and institutional credit remains one of the major hindrances in improving the scale and productivity of dairying. Using data from a survey of 612 households from the state of Punjab, India, this paper evaluates farmers’ choices of dairy value chains and their financing mechanisms. The study finds that 62 percent of the sample farmers representing 69 percent of the total milk sales are connected with formal value chains driven by cooperatives, multinational companies and private domestic processors. Small dairy farmers are associated more with informal value chains but they are not excluded from the formal value chains. The performance of different value chains in terms of productivity and profitability of dairying is almost on par. Also, there is hardly any difference in the milk price offered by formal and informal buyers pointing towards milk market being competitive. More than half of the farmers borrow credit both from within and outside the chain for dairying related activities. Chain-based financing is restricted to only one-fourth of the borrowers and mostly to those associated with informal value chains. Financing by commercial banks and other financial institutions is limited to only 9 percent of the borrowers, mainly larger farmers. The socially-disadvantaged and smallholder farmers are often neglected in institutional lending because of their lack of physical assets to use as collateral against loans. Value chain approach, due to its product market orientation, can serve as an entry point for financial institutions to improve their outreach to smallholders. The innovative financial products, such as ‘dairy credit card’ and ‘contract as collateral’ would enable them to adopt yield-enhancing technology and inputs and also to scale up their dairy activity.

Author : Lambrecht, Isabel
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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"As a husband I will love, lead, and provide" by Lambrecht, Isabel Pdf

Improving women’s access to land is high on the agricultural policy agenda of both governmental and non-governmental agencies. Yet, the determinants and rationale of gendered access to land are not well understood. This paper argues that gender relations are more than the outcomes of negotiations within households. It explains the importance of social norms, perceptions, and formal and informal rules shaping access to land for male and female farmers at four levels: (1) the household/family, (2) the community, (3) the state, and (4) the market. The framework is applied to Ghana. Norms on household and family organization and on men’s and women’s responsibilities and capabilities play a key role in gendered allocation of resources. However, these norms and perceptions are dynamic and evolve jointly with the development of markets and changes in values of inputs such as labor and land. Theoretical models that represent the gendered distribution of assets as the result of intrahousehold bargaining should be revised, and extrahousehold factors should be included. From a policy perspective, laws that ensure gender equality in terms of inheritance and a more gender-equitable distribution of property upon divorce can play a key role in improving women’s property rights. Yet, their impact may be limited where customary rights dominate and social norms and rules continue to discriminate according to gender.

Author : Bageant, Elizabeth,Liu, Yanyan,Diao, Xinshen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Agriculture-nutrition linkages and child health in the presence of conflict in Nepal by Bageant, Elizabeth,Liu, Yanyan,Diao, Xinshen Pdf

Much policy and research attention has focused on the relationship between agriculture and nutrition. We extend this analysis to the context of Nepal’s decade-long civil conflict. Understanding how conflict or similar stress mitigates the agriculture-nutrition linkage is essential to developing impactful agriculture and nutrition policy in potential conflict zones. To our knowledge, there is no prior empirical work on the link between agriculture and nutrition in the context of conflict. We find a robust relationship between milk consumption and anthropometric outcomes. We also show a positive link between milk production and milk consumption at the household level. We find significant negative relationships between conflict and milk consumption for households owning few livestock while such relationships do not exist for larger holders. We attribute these heterogeneous effects to conflict-related productivity declines and milk price increases, both of which disproportionately affect households with fewer livestock and lower milk-production capacity. Among rural households in Nepal, milk production could serve as a nutritional buffer in times of conflict or other stress, and thus, policies that promote households’ livestock production could be effective measures in improving resilience of the rural poor against shocks that negatively affect child health outcomes.