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Organophosphates Chemistry, Fate, and Effects by Janice E. Chambers,Patricia E. Levi Pdf
This volume pulls together a wealth of up-to-date information on the toxicology of this diverse and ubiquitous class of insecticides. Leading experts review the reactivity of organophosphorus compounds with cholinesterase, as well as their metabolism and biological effects on humans and other nontarget organisms. The book not only covers the anticholinesterase actions of organophosphates, but also other, presumably independent, effects, such as teratogenicity, delayed neuropathy, immunotoxicity, and behavioral toxicity. Offers crucial overviews of chemical and biochemical reactivity and biological responsiveness of mainly nontarget organisms Reviews new developments in assessment of metabolism and disposition of organophosphorus compounds Examines organophosphorus compound-induced toxicity mediated by mechanisms other than inhibition of acetylcholinesterase Covers new research on differences in toxicity induced by the variety of organophosphorus Analyzes current controversies on the relevance of certain biochemical parameters in actual organophosphate toxicity in vivo
Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States by John P. Giesy,Keith R. Solomon Pdf
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds by Ramesh C. Gupta Pdf
This text/reference book provides the most comprehensive coverage of anticholinesterase compounds (Organophosphates and Carbamates), which constitute the largest number of chemicals that are primarily used as insecticides in agriculture, industry, and around the home/garden. Some OPs (nerve agents) have been used in chemical warfare and terrorist attacks, while some OPs and CMs have been recommended as therapeutic agents in human medicine as well as in veterinary medicine. Many chemicals of both classes are extremely toxic and lack selectivity, thus their inadvertent/accidental use continues to pose a threat to human and animal health, aquatic systems and wildlife. These anticholinesterase agents produce a variety of toxicological effects in target and nontarget organs. In light of this complexicity, this multi-authored book is written by the well known scientists from many countries. The book is organized into nine sections, with a total of 49 chapters, to provide in-depth knowledge on various aspects of OP and CM compounds, including their use, classification, mechanism-based toxicity, and prophylactic and therapeutic measurements. Several chapters are written with special emphasis to cover timely topics, such as chemical warfare agents, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling, structure and function of cholinesterases, paraoxonase, carboxylesterases; developmental neurotoxicity, the intermediate syndrome, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and DNA damage/gene expression and carcinogenesis. Section-VI with 5 chapters is specifically devoted to risk assessment, and safety and regulatory guidelines for pesticides. Describes everything you need to know about Organophosphates and Carbamates Extensively covers pesticides, nerve agents, therapeutic drugs, and flame retardants Describes epidemiology of the world's major disasters involving Organophosphates and Carbamates Covers animal, human, aquatic, and wildlife toxicity of Anticholinesterases Insights into in-depth cholinergic and noncholinergic mechanisms of toxicity Describes recent advancements in cholinesterases, paraoxonases, carboxylesterases, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, cardiac and pulmonary toxicity, and carcinogenesis Provides in vitro and in vivo models for neurotoxicity testing Integrates knowledge of studies in lab animals and humans Offers risk/safety assessment and national/international guidelines for permissible levels of pesticide residues Describes management of Anticholinesterase poisoning in humans
Terry R Roberts,David H Hutson,Philip W Lee,Peter H Nicholls,Jack R Plimmer,Marie C Roberts
Author : Terry R Roberts,David H Hutson,Philip W Lee,Peter H Nicholls,Jack R Plimmer,Marie C Roberts Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry Page : 1502 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2007-10-31 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9781847551375
Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals by Terry R Roberts,David H Hutson,Philip W Lee,Peter H Nicholls,Jack R Plimmer,Marie C Roberts Pdf
This important publication provides a comprehensive summary of data and information on the metabolism and chemical degradation of agrochemicals in soils, plants and animals. Part 1, Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators, and Part 2, Insecticides and Fungicides, together provide a major bibliography, as each entry is fully referenced. Contents include metabolic products, pathways and mechanisms, together with useful details on physico-chemical properties and mode of action. Both parts are organised by class of chemical for easy reference. There are separate entries for each pesticide, covering most commercially available chemicals in use today. In addition, an overview of the metabolism of each major class provides the reader with an informed summary of key similarities and significant differences between individual chemicals. Information is based primarily on literature from the past 40 years of research, together with some important, previously unpublished work provided by the agrochemical companies. Presented in a systematic, easy-to-read style, with extensive indexing to facilitate the rapid location of required information and the comparison of related compounds, Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals is an invaluable reference for chemists, biochemists and biologists working in the discovery, development and registration of agrochemicals, as well as scientists in related areas such as design and mode of action of pharmaceuticals.
Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology by Robert Krieger Pdf
This revision of the highly acclaimed Hayes' Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology is an in-depth, scientific sourcebook concerning use, properties, effects, and regulation of pesticides. This edition is a comprehensive examination by international experts from academia, government research, and the private sector of critical issues related to the need, use, and nature of chemicals used in modern pest management. This two-volume set contains up-to-date information on a broad range of topics which establishes context of pesticide use and outlines how they are scientifically evaluated. Experts from a variety of disciplines contribute to this work. Some provide a fresh look at existing information, and others look ahead at issues that are central to understanding pesticide use and toxicology in modern integrated pest management. Establishes a context for evaluation of pesticide use in agriculture, residential pest control and public health described Important discussion of strategies for pesticide risk assessment All major classes of pesticide considered Different routes of exposure critically evaluated Current regulatory issues defined Emerging issues concern topics of special relevance in the future Agents reviewed by experts from academia, government research, and the private sector
Organophosphates And Health by Stanley Feldman,John A Henry,Lakshman Karalliedde,Timothy Marrs Pdf
Few chemical compounds created by man have caused greater controversy than organophosphates. Conceived as insecticides, they have also been developed to become the most feared of chemical weapons. The control of vectors of diseases from which millions die or are disabled is heavily dependent on organophosphates, as are efforts to maintain food production in the face of uncontrolled population growth, diminishing arable land and the possibility of global warming. As the toxicity of organophosphates is non-specific, it has caused ill health and death in man, and has contributed to adverse ecological effects.This book, written by recognised experts, studies and presents information in a manner that basic scientists, medical personnel, environmentalists, agriculturists and those in public health and occupational medicine will find essential when considering the use of organophosphates in their disciplines. The text primarily covers health aspects, with discussions on related social, economic, environmental and agricultural issues that concern all inhabitants of the global village.
Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals: Insecticides and fungicides by Terence Robert Roberts,David Herd Hutson Pdf
This important publication provides a comprehensive summary of data and information on the metabolism and chemical degradation of agrochemicals in soils, plants and animals. Part 1, Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators, and Part 2, Insecticides and Fungicides, together provide a major bibliography, as each entry is fully referenced. Contents include metabolic products, pathways and mechanisms, together with useful details on physico-chemical properties and mode of action. Both parts are organised by class of chemical for easy reference. There are separate entries for each pesticide, covering most commercially available chemicals in use today. In addition, an overview of the metabolism of each major class provides the reader with an informed summary of key similarities and significant differences between individual chemicals. Information is based primarily on literature from the past 40 years of research, together with some important, previously unpublished work provided by the agrochemical companies. Presented in a systematic, easy-to-read style, with extensive indexing to facilitate the rapid location of required information and the comparison of related compounds, Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals is an invaluable reference for chemists, biochemists and biologists working in the discovery, development and registration of agrochemicals, as well as scientists in related areas such as design and mode of action of pharmaceuticals.
Analyzing Food for Nutrition Labeling and Hazardous Contaminants by Ike Jeon Pdf
This work provides up-to-date information on the various analytical procedures involved in both nutrition labelling and the identification and quantitation of hazardous chemicals in foods. It assesses the relative strengths of traditional and modern analysis techniques. The book covers all mandatory dietary components and many optional nutritients specified by the new labelling regulations of the Food and Drug Administration and the US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service.
Author : James S. Brown Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub Page : 325 pages File Size : 46,9 Mb Release : 2008-08-13 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781585627622
Environmental and Chemical Toxins and Psychiatric Illness by James S. Brown Pdf
During the past 60 years, the number of chemical disasters worldwide from military, occupational, and environmental sources has risen at an alarming rate. The profound controversy surrounding many chemicals makes objective analysis nearly impossible. Yet now more than ever -- with the daily exposure to a wide range of chemicals and the increased threat of chemical terrorism -- it is critical that we understand the role of chemicals in causing psychiatric illness. Unlike related books, this remarkable reference is intended specifically for psychiatric applications and is thus the definitive sourcebook for the many professionals called on to respond to these events. This work stands alone as the first on this topic to be written by a psychiatrist and the first to bring together the military, occupational, and environmental exposures causing psychiatric illness, including multiple chemical sensitivities, mass hysteria, radiation exposures, community stress reactions, and Gulf War and other syndromes. Unique highlights include A summary of the reported psychiatric symptoms attributed to each chemical class (chemical weapons, pesticides, fumigants, metals, solvents, gases, PCBs, Agent Orange, and other miscellaneous chemicals) in tables for easy reference. We use personal care products, take prescription drugs, pump gasoline, drink alcohol, and spray insecticides as part of our everyday lives. Yet rarely do we realize that significant exposures to the chemicals described in this book -- many of which we are exposed to in daily activities -- can damage the central nervous system, causing psychiatric illness. A comprehensive bibliography, in every chapter, of all the important material in English-language medical journals and books that has appeared on this subject since the late 19th century. These bibliographies cover everything from the first published reports of the dangers of carbon disulfide in the French rubber industry -- dangers that American medicine ignored for years -- through more recent large-scale chemical exposures that have serious long-term consequences. (e.g., Love Canal). The latest information about terrorist and military uses of chemical weapons -- of critical relevance in psychiatry today -- from World War I combatants exposed to chlorine, phosgene, mustard gas, arsenic, and cyanide to the first organophosphate, or nerve, gases (such as tabun and sarin) developed by the Germans before and during World War II (and used by Iraq in the Gulf War and by a religious cult in the terrorist subway attacks in Tokyo and Matsumoto, Japan). Quite simply, this book is a "must have" for psychiatric and medical professionals everywhere, with extended appeal among laypersons such as environmental/consumer advocates, attorneys, insurance professionals, industrial hygienists, disaster planners, and medical librarians.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Subcommittee on Chronic Reference Doses for Selected Chemical Warfare Agents
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Subcommittee on Chronic Reference Doses for Selected Chemical Warfare Agents Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 320 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 1999-10-28 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309065986
Review of the U.S. Army's Health Risk Assessments for Oral Exposure to Six Chemical-Warfare Agents by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Subcommittee on Chronic Reference Doses for Selected Chemical Warfare Agents Pdf
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY - Volume III by Aleksandar Sabljic Pdf
Environmental and Ecological Chemistry is a component of Encyclopedia of Chemical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Environmental and Ecological Chemistry prsents the essential aspects such as: Fundamental Environmental Chemistry; Atmospheric Chemistry; Soil Chemistry; Aquatic Chemistry; Ecological Chemistry; Chemistry of Organic Pollutants Including Agrochemicals. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
Author : Edward J. Massaro Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 658 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2001-11-12 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781592591329
Handbook of Neurotoxicology by Edward J. Massaro Pdf
Neurotoxicology is a broad and burgeoning field of research. Its growth in recent years can be related, in part, to increased interest in and concern with the fact that a growing number of anthropogenic agents with neurotoxic potential, including pesticides, lead, mercury, and the polytypic bypro ducts of combustion and industrial production, continue to be spewed into and accumulate in the environment. In addition, there is great interest in natural products, including toxins, as sources of therapeutic agents. Indeed, it is well known that many natural toxins of broadly differing structure, produced or accumulated for predatory or defensive purposes, and toxic agents, accumulated incidentally by numerous species, function to perturb nervous tissue. Components of some of these toxins have been shown to be useful therapeutic agents and/or research reagents. Unfor tunately, the environmental accumulation of some neurotoxic ants of anthropogenic ori gin, especially pesticides and metals, has resulted in incidents of human poisoning, some of epidemic proportion, and high levels of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, an increasing incidence of neurobehavioral disorders, some with baffling symptoms, is confronting clinicians. It is not clear whether this is merely the result of increased vigi lance and/or improved diagnostics or a consequence of improved health care. In any case, the role of exposure to environmental and occupational neurotoxic ants in the etiology of these phenomena, as well as neurodegenerative diseases, is coming under increasing scrutiny and investigation.
Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures by Raymond S.H. Yang Pdf
Although toxicologic studies in the laboratory often focus on a single chemical, in the larger world, mixtures of chemicals are routinely encountered. Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures examines the mechanisms of interactions and health effects stemming from chemical mixtures in the environment. Toxicologists, pharmacologists, environmental scientists, and professionals involved in environmental clean-ups will benefit from its content. Emphasis is on low-level, long-term exposure. Key Features * Some of the issues addressed include: * Target organ toxicities in response to chemical mixture exposures * Risk assessment and experimental approaches * Case studies and special pollution problems * Special pollution problems
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Updated Literature Review of Sarin
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Updated Literature Review of Sarin Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 132 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2004-10-11 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309165778
Gulf War and Health by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Gulf War and Health: Updated Literature Review of Sarin Pdf
The Gulf War in 1990-1991 was considered a brief and successful military operation, with few injuries or deaths of US troops. The war began in August 1990, and the last US ground troops returned home by June 1991. Although most Gulf War veterans resumed their normal activities, many soon began reporting a variety of nonexplained health problems that they attributed to their participation in the Gulf War, including chronic fatigue, muscle and joint pain, loss of concentration, forgetfulness, headache, and rash. Because of concerns about the veterans' health problems, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) review the scientific and medical literature on the long-term adverse health effects of agents to which the Gulf War veterans may have been exposed. This report is a broad overview of the toxicology of sarin and cyclosarin. It assesses the biologic plausibility with respect to the compounds in question and health effects.