Origins Of Protective Labor Legislation For Women 1905 1925

Author : Susan Lehrer
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1987-07-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781438410418

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Origins of Protective Labor Legislation for Women, 1905-1925 by Susan Lehrer Pdf

In this comprehensive, wide-ranging analysis, Susan Lehrer investigates the origins of protective labor legislation for women, exposing the social forces that contributed to its passage and the often contradictory effects it had on those it was designed to protect. A rapidly expanding female work force is prompting both employers and society to rethink attitudes and policies toward working women. Lehrer provides critical insight into current issues affecting female employees—pay equity, equal rights, maternity—that have their roots in past debates about and present realities affecting women workers. Protective labor laws enacted from 1905 to 1925 had the effect of delimiting the position of working women. Lehrer examines the relationship between women's work in the labor force and domestic labor, and the reasons why the government was interested in regulating this relationship. Focusing on the dual need for a continuing labor force (women as producers of children) and cheap labor (women in low-paying jobs), she demonstrates the way in which social reforms worked to the advantage of capitalism even though they materially aided subordinate classes. The principal groups considered herein are social reform organizations (suffragists and the Women's Trade Union League), organized labor (AFL, ILGWU, printing trades' unions), and employers' associations (National Association of Manufacturers and the National Civic Federation). Considered together, this book provides a broad and detailed picture of the forces involved in the issues of protective labor legislation.

Author : Ulla Wikander,Alice Kessler-Harris,Jane E. Lewis
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 025206464X

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Protecting Women by Ulla Wikander,Alice Kessler-Harris,Jane E. Lewis Pdf

Explores the origin and array of protective labor legislation directed at women. This title analyzes ideologies, attitudes, and effects of legislation across women's classes, among employers and workers' organizations, and in both bourgeois and socialist feminist groups.

Author : Susan Lehrer
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1987-07-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 0887065058

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Origins of Protective Labor Legislation for Women, 1905-1925 by Susan Lehrer Pdf

In this comprehensive, wide-ranging analysis, Susan Lehrer investigates the origins of protective labor legislation for women, exposing the social forces that contributed to its passage and the often contradictory effects it had on those it was designed to protect. A rapidly expanding female work force is prompting both employers and society to rethink attitudes and policies toward working women. Lehrer provides critical insight into current issues affecting female employees—pay equity, equal rights, maternity—that have their roots in past debates about and present realities affecting women workers. Protective labor laws enacted from 1905 to 1925 had the effect of delimiting the position of working women. Lehrer examines the relationship between women’s work in the labor force and domestic labor, and the reasons why the government was interested in regulating this relationship. Focusing on the dual need for a continuing labor force (women as producers of children) and cheap labor (women in low-paying jobs), she demonstrates the way in which social reforms worked to the advantage of capitalism even though they materially aided subordinate classes. The principal groups considered herein are social reform organizations (suffragists and the Women’s Trade Union League), organized labor (AFL, ILGWU, printing trades’ unions), and employers’ associations (National Association of Manufacturers and the National Civic Federation). Considered together, this book provides a broad and detailed picture of the forces involved in the issues of protective labor legislation.

Author : Elizabeth Faulkner Baker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1925
Category : Industrial laws and legislation
ISBN : UOM:39015021045979

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Protective Labor Legislation by Elizabeth Faulkner Baker Pdf

Author : Nancy Woloch
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2017-02-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691176161

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A Class by Herself by Nancy Woloch Pdf

A Class by Herself explores the historical role and influence of protective legislation for American women workers, both as a step toward modern labor standards and as a barrier to equal rights. Spanning the twentieth century, the book tracks the rise and fall of women-only state protective laws—such as maximum hour laws, minimum wage laws, and night work laws—from their roots in progressive reform through the passage of New Deal labor law to the feminist attack on single-sex protective laws in the 1960s and 1970s. Nancy Woloch considers the network of institutions that promoted women-only protective laws, such as the National Consumers' League and the federal Women's Bureau; the global context in which the laws arose; the challenges that proponents faced; the rationales they espoused; the opposition that evolved; the impact of protective laws in ever-changing circumstances; and their dismantling in the wake of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Above all, Woloch examines the constitutional conversation that the laws provoked—the debates that arose in the courts and in the women's movement. Protective laws set precedents that led to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and to current labor law; they also sustained a tradition of gendered law that abridged citizenship and impeded equality for much of the century. Drawing on decades of scholarship, institutional and legal records, and personal accounts, A Class by Herself sets forth a new narrative about the tensions inherent in women-only protective labor laws and their consequences.

Author : Molly Ladd-Taylor
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1995-03
Category : History
ISBN : 0252064828

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Mother-Work by Molly Ladd-Taylor Pdf

Early in the twentieth century, maternal and child welfare evolved from a private family responsibility into a matter of national policy. Women played the central role in this development. In Mother-Work, Molly Ladd-Taylor explores both the private and public aspects of childrearing, using the direct relationship between them to shed new light on the histories of motherhood, the welfare state, and women's activism in the United States. Mother-work, defined as "women's unpaid work of reproduction and caregiving", was the motivation behind women's public activism and "maternalist" ideology. Ladd-Taylor emphasizes the connection between mother-work and social welfare politics by showing that their mothering experiences led women to become active in the development of public health, education, and welfare services. In turn, the advent of these services altered mothering experiences in a number of ways, including by reducing the infant mortality rate. By examining women's activism in organizations including the National Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associations, the U.S. Children's Bureau, and the National Woman's Party, Ladd-Taylor dispels the notion of "mother-work" as a contradictory term and clarifies women's role in the development of the American economic system.

Author : Theda Skocpol
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780691214023

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Social Policy in the United States by Theda Skocpol Pdf

Health care, welfare, Social Security, employment programs--all are part of ongoing national debates about the future of social policy in the United States. In this wide-ranging collection of essays, Theda Skocpol shows how historical understanding, centered on governmental institutions and political alliances, can illuminate the limits and possibilities of American social policymaking both past and present. Skocpol dispels the myth that Americans are inherently hostile to social spending and suggests why President Clinton's health care agenda was so quickly attacked despite the support of most Americans for his goals.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 518 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : History
ISBN : 0253207207

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Journal of Women's History Guide to Periodical Literature by Anonim Pdf

"Gayle V. Fischer has produced a terrifically useful volume that no research library should be without." —The Journal of American History " . . . an indispensable resource to finding material on women's history throughout the world." —Journal of World History " . . . the work is recommended for its currency, depth of coverage, and scope." —Ethnic Forum As part of its mission to disseminate feminist scholarship and serve as the journal of record for the new area of women's history, the Journal of Women's History began a compilation of periodical literature dealing with women's history. This volume is drawn from more than 750 journals and includes material published from 1980 through 1990. There are forty subject categories and numerous subcategories. The guide lists more than 5,500 articles; all are extensively cross-listed.

Author : Oren M. Levin-Waldman
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2001-01-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780791491195

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The Case of the Minimum Wage by Oren M. Levin-Waldman Pdf

This book traces the historical evolution of minimum-wage policy and explains how models are used (and misused) by different interests to achieve their particular aims. Minimum-wage policy was initially legitimated as a broader labor-market policy aimed at achieving greater productivity and labor-market stability. As organized labor has declined as a political force in the last twenty years, the nature of the debate has metamorphized into a narrowly focused and often highly technical discussion concerned with specific effects of given specific increases in the minimum wage, such as either relieving poverty or the so-called adverse effects on youth unemployment. This change has coincided with the greatest stagnation of the minimum wage.

Author : Kathleen B. Nutter
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2019-05-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317733782

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The Necessity of Organization by Kathleen B. Nutter Pdf

The Necessity of Organization describes Mary Kenney O'Sullivan's struggle to improve labor conditions through trade unionism. Appointed the first woman organizer for the American Federation of Labor in 1892, she went on to be a co-founder of the Women's Trade Union League, formed in 1903 as a cross-class alliance of women workers and their middle- and upper-class allies. The possibilities and limits of trade unionism for women, given the class and gender constraints of the period, are the focus of this book.

Author : Alan Derickson
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780812245530

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Dangerously Sleepy by Alan Derickson Pdf

Dangerously Sleepy explores the fraught relations between overwork, sleep deprivation, and public health. Health and labor historian Alan Derickson charts the cultural and political forces behind the overvaluation—and masculinization—of wakefulness in the United States.

Author : Emilie Stoltzfus
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2004-07-21
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9780807862322

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Citizen, Mother, Worker by Emilie Stoltzfus Pdf

During World War II, American women entered the workforce in unprecedented numbers, and many of them relied on federally funded child care programs. At the end of the war, working mothers vigorously protested the termination of child care subsidies. In Citizen, Mother, Worker, Emilie Stoltzfus traces grassroots activism and national and local policy debates concerning public funding of children's day care in the two decades after the end of World War II. Using events in Cleveland, Ohio; Washington, D.C.; and the state of California, Stoltzfus identifies a prevailing belief among postwar policymakers that women could best serve the nation as homemakers. Although federal funding was briefly extended after the end of the war, grassroots campaigns for subsidized day care in Cleveland and Washington met with only limited success. In California, however, mothers asserted their importance to the state's economy as "productive citizens" and won a permanent, state-funded child care program. In addition, by the 1960s, federal child care funding gained new life as an alternative to cash aid for poor single mothers. These debates about the public's stake in what many viewed as a private matter help illuminate America's changing social, political, and fiscal priorities, as well as the meaning of female citizenship in the postwar period.

Author : Andrea Tone
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781501717482

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The Business of Benevolence by Andrea Tone Pdf

In the early twentieth century, an era characterized by unprecedented industrial strife and violence, thousands of employers across the United States pioneered a new policy of labor relations called welfare work. The results of the policy were paternalistic practices and forms of compensation designed not only to control workers, but also to advertise the humanity of corporate capitalism to thwart the advance of legislated reform. In a burgeoning literature on the development of the U.S. welfare state, Andrea Tone offers a new interpretation of the importance of welfare capitalism in shaping its development.

Author : Katherine Turk
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9780812292831

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Equality on Trial by Katherine Turk Pdf

In 1964, as part of its landmark Civil Rights Act, Congress outlawed workplace discrimination on the basis of such personal attributes as sex, race, and religion. This provision, known as Title VII, laid a new legal foundation for women's rights at work. Though President Kennedy and other lawmakers expressed high hopes for Title VII, early attempts to enforce it were inconsistent. In the absence of a consensus definition of sex equality in the law or society, Title VII's practical meaning was far from certain. The first history to foreground Title VII's sex provision, Equality on Trial examines how the law's initial promise inspired a generation of Americans to dispatch expansive notions of sex equality. Imagining new solidarities and building a broad class politics, these workers and activists engaged Title VII to generate a pivotal battle over the terms of democracy and the role of the state in all labor relationships. But the law's ambiguity also allowed for narrow conceptions of sex equality to take hold. Conservatives found ways to bend Title VII's possible meanings to their benefit, discovering that a narrow definition of sex equality allowed businesses to comply with the law without transforming basic workplace structures or ceding power to workers. These contests to fix the meaning of sex equality ultimately laid the legal and cultural foundation for the neoliberal work regimes that enabled some women to break the glass ceiling as employers lowered the floor for everyone else. Synthesizing the histories of work, social movements, and civil rights in the postwar United States, Equality on Trial recovers the range of protagonists whose struggles forged the contemporary meanings of feminism, fairness, and labor rights.

Author : Allison L. Hepler
Publisher : Ohio State University Press
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0814208509

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Women in Labor by Allison L. Hepler Pdf

Early in the twentieth century, states and courts began limiting the workplace hours of wage-earning women in order to protect them from fatigue and ill health. It was felt that a woman's role was to be a mother and that working too many hours in an often unhealthy and dangerous workplace created risks to the performance of that task. In the 1970s, many Fortune 500 companies began implementing "fetal protection policies" to prohibit women from working in areas deemed risky to reproductive capacity. Again, assumptions about motherhood were the driving force behind employment regulations. Women in Labor examines how gender norms affected the workplace health of men and women. Did the desire to protect women result in a safer workplace for all workers? Did it advance or hinder the status of women in the work-place? In answering these questions, Hepler describes a complex network of medical experts, state bureaucrats, business owners, social reformers, industrial engineers, workers, and feminists, many with overlapping interests and identities. This overlap often resulted in tradeoffs and unintended consequences. For instance, efforts promoting gender equality sometimes created equal risks for workers, whereas emphasizing social realities resulted in job discrimination. Reformists efforts to promote the important connection between the home and the industrial environment also allowed an employer to shirk responsibility for worker health. The issue of women in the workplace will remain crucial in the twenty-first century as workers worldwide struggle to create safer workplaces without sacrificing socioeconomic benefits or the health of women and their children.