Orphanages Reconsidered

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Orphanages Reconsidered

Nurith Zmora
Orphanages Reconsidered Book PDF

Author : Nurith Zmora
Publisher : Temple University Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : History
ISBN : 1566390710

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Orphanages Reconsidered by Nurith Zmora Pdf

Countering the Dickensian stereotypes, Orphanages Reconsidered portrays how three private orphanages in Baltimore responded to the need of poor, single parents for boarding schools for their children. These innovative institutions also served as pivotal community forces, rebuilding families by providing vocational training, keeping siblings together, and encouraging orphans to maintain close ties with relatives.Fastidious research shows how the institutions-Jewish, non-denominational Protestant, and Catholic-differed in their ethnic and religious priorities, their financial support, their staffing, and their relations with the community. Nurith Zmora embellishes her portraits with institutional records, letters from the children, and published autobiographies. Author note: Nurith Zmora is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Delaware.

Rethinking Orphanages for the 21st Century

Richard B. McKenzie
Rethinking Orphanages for the 21st Century Book PDF

Author : Richard B. McKenzie
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9780761914440

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Rethinking Orphanages for the 21st Century by Richard B. McKenzie Pdf

Exploring the only option for a growing army of children who cannot be placed for adoption or fostering, this text demonstrates from a large-scale survey of orphan alumni that they outpace the general population in most areas of life.

Gateway to Justice

Jennifer Ann Trost
Gateway to Justice Book PDF

Author : Jennifer Ann Trost
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : History
ISBN : 0820326712

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Gateway to Justice by Jennifer Ann Trost Pdf

The Juvenile Court of Memphis, founded in 1910, directed delinquent and dependent children into a variety of private charitable organizations and public correctional facilities. Drawing on the court's case files and other primary sources, Jennifer Trost explains the complex interactions between parents, children, and welfare officials in the urban South. Trost adds a personal dimension to her study by focusing on the people who appeared before the court-and not only on the legal specifics of their cases. Directed for thirty years by the charismatic and well-known chief judge Camille Kelley, the court was at once a traditional house of justice, a social services provider, an agent of state control, and a community-based mediator. Because the court saw boys and girls, blacks and whites, native Memphians and newly arrived residents with rural backgrounds, Trost is able to make subtle points about differences in these clients' experiences with the court. Those differences, she shows, were defined by the mix of Progressive and traditional attitudes that the involved parties held toward issues of class, race, and gender. Trost's insights are all the more valuable because the Memphis court had a large African American clientele. In addition, the court's jurisdiction extended beyond children engaged in criminal or otherwise unacceptable conduct to include those who suffered from neglect, abuse, or poverty. A work of legal history animated by questions more commonly posed by social historians, Gateway to Justice will engage anyone interested in how the early welfare state shaped, and was shaped by, tensions between public standards and private practices of parenting, sexuality, and race relations.

Imagined Orphans

Lydia Murdoch
Imagined Orphans Book PDF

Author : Lydia Murdoch
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : History
ISBN : 9780813537221

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Imagined Orphans by Lydia Murdoch Pdf

"In Imagined Orphans, Lydia Murdoch focuses on the discrepancy between the representation and the reality of children's experiences within welfare institutions - a discrepancy that she argues stems from conflicts over middle- and working-class notions of citizenship that arose in the 1870s and persisted until the First World War. Reformers' efforts to depict poor children as either orphaned or endangered by abusive or "no-good" parents fed upon the poor's increasing exclusion from the Victorian social body. Reformers used the public's growing distrust and pitiless attitude toward poor adults to increase charity and state aid to the children. With a critical eye to social issues of the period, Murdoch urges readers to reconsider the complex situations of families living in poverty."--BOOK JACKET.

With Us Always

Donald T. Critchlow,Charles H. Parker
With Us Always Book PDF

Author : Donald T. Critchlow,Charles H. Parker
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0847689700

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With Us Always by Donald T. Critchlow,Charles H. Parker Pdf

Although welfare reform is currently the government's top priority, most discussions about the public's responsibility to the poor neglect an informed historical perspective. This important book provides a crucial examination of past attempts, both in this country and abroad, to balance the efforts of private charity and public welfare. The prominent historians in this collection demonstrate how solutions to poverty are functions of culture, religion, and politics, and how social provisions for the poor have evolved across the centuries.

Amistad's Orphans

Benjamin Nicholas Lawrance
Amistad s Orphans Book PDF

Author : Benjamin Nicholas Lawrance
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2015-01-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780300210439

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Amistad's Orphans by Benjamin Nicholas Lawrance Pdf

The lives of six African children, ages nine to sixteen, were forever altered by the revolt aboard the Cuban schooner La Amistad in 1839. Like their adult companions, all were captured in Africa and illegally sold as slaves. In this fascinating revisionist history, Benjamin N. Lawrance reconstructs six entwined stories and brings them to the forefront of the Amistad conflict. Through eyewitness testimonies, court records, and the children’s own letters, Lawrance recounts how their lives were inextricably interwoven by the historic drama, and casts new light on illegal nineteenth-century transatlantic slave smuggling.

Second Home

Timothy A. Hacsi
Second Home Book PDF

Author : Timothy A. Hacsi
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : History
ISBN : 0674796446

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Second Home by Timothy A. Hacsi Pdf

As Timothy Hacsi shows, most children in nineteenth-century orphan asylums were "half-orphans," children with one living parent who was unable to provide for them. The asylums spread widely and endured because different groups - churches, ethnic communities, charitable organizations, fraternal societies, and local and state governments - could adapt them to their own purposes. In the 1890s, critics began to argue that asylums were overcrowded and impersonal. By 1909, advocates called for aid to destitute mothers, and argued that asylums should be a last resort, for short-term care only. Yet orphanages continued to care for most dependent children until the Depression strained asylum budgets and federally funded home care became more widely available. Yet some, Catholic asylums in particular, cared for poor children into the 1950s and 1960s.

Their Benevolent Design

Janice Harvey
Their Benevolent Design Book PDF

Author : Janice Harvey
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2024-03-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780228020295

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Their Benevolent Design by Janice Harvey Pdf

Throughout the nineteenth century poor relief in Quebec was private and sectarian. In Montreal bourgeois Protestant women responded by establishing institutional charities for destitute women and children. Their Benevolent Design delves into the inner workings of two of these charities (the Protestant Orphan Asylum and the Montreal Ladies’ Benevolent Society), sheds light on little-known aspects of the community’s response to social inequality, and examines the impact of liberalism on changing attitudes to poverty and charity. Seeing charity as a class duty, elite women structured their benevolent design around the protection, religious salvation, and social regulation of poor children. Janice Harvey explores how these philanthropists overcame the constraints of social conventions for women in polite society, how charity directors devised and implemented institutional aid, and how that aid was used by families and experienced by children. Following the development of the charities through the end of the nineteenth century and into the early twentieth, the book explores the conflict that arose between these institutions and other social services, including those that advocated for foster care and so-called scientific charity. The 1920s marked a major social shift in how child poverty was understood and managed in Protestant Montreal. Despite the gendered obstacles facing women in charity organization, Their Benevolent Design celebrates the remarkable ingenuity and independence of a group of Canadian women in shaping social aid and improving the grim realities of child poverty.

A City for Children

Marta Gutman
A City for Children Book PDF

Author : Marta Gutman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 479 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226156156

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A City for Children by Marta Gutman Pdf

American cities are constantly being built and rebuilt, resulting in ever-changing skylines and neighborhoods. While the dynamic urban landscapes of New York, Boston, and Chicago have been widely studied, there is much to be gleaned from west coast cities, especially in California, where the migration boom at the end of the nineteenth century permanently changed the urban fabric of these newly diverse, plural metropolises. In A City for Children, Marta Gutman focuses on the use and adaptive reuse of everyday buildings in Oakland, California, to make the city a better place for children. She introduces us to the women who were determined to mitigate the burdens placed on working-class families by an indifferent industrial capitalist economy. Often without the financial means to build from scratch, women did not tend to conceive of urban land as a blank slate to be wiped clean for development. Instead, Gutman shows how, over and over, women turned private houses in Oakland into orphanages, kindergartens, settlement houses, and day care centers, and in the process built the charitable landscape—a network of places that was critical for the betterment of children, families, and public life. The industrial landscape of Oakland, riddled with the effects of social inequalities and racial prejudices, is not a neutral backdrop in Gutman’s story but an active player. Spanning one hundred years of history, A City for Children provides a compelling model for building urban institutions and demonstrates that children, women, charity, and incremental construction, renovations, alterations, additions, and repurposed structures are central to the understanding of modern cities.

The Charleston Orphan House

John E. Murray
The Charleston Orphan House Book PDF

Author : John E. Murray
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-02-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226924106

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The Charleston Orphan House by John E. Murray Pdf

The first public orphanage in America, the Charleston Orphan House saw to the welfare and education of thousands of children from poor white families in the urban South. From wealthy benefactors to the families who sought its assistance to the artisans and merchants who relied on its charges as apprentices, the Orphan House was a critical component of the city’s social fabric. By bringing together white citizens from all levels of society, it also played a powerful political role in maintaining the prevailing social order. John E. Murray tells the story of the Charleston Orphan House for the first time through the words of those who lived there or had family members who did. Through their letters and petitions, the book follows the families from the events and decisions that led them to the Charleston Orphan House through the children’s time spent there to, in a few cases, their later adult lives. What these accounts reveal are families struggling to maintain ties after catastrophic loss and to preserve bonds with children who no longer lived under their roofs. An intimate glimpse into the lives of the white poor in early American history, The Charleston Orphan House is moreover an illuminating look at social welfare provision in the antebellum South.

Raising an Empire

Ondina E. González,Bianca Premo
Raising an Empire Book PDF

Author : Ondina E. González,Bianca Premo
Publisher : UNM Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : History
ISBN : 0826334415

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Raising an Empire by Ondina E. González,Bianca Premo Pdf

Raising an Empire takes readers on a journey into the world of children and childhood in early modern Ibero-America.

Poverty in the United States [2 volumes]

Gwendolyn Mink,Alice M. O'Connor
Poverty in the United States 2 volumes Book PDF

Author : Gwendolyn Mink,Alice M. O'Connor
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 918 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2004-11-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781576076088

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Poverty in the United States [2 volumes] by Gwendolyn Mink,Alice M. O'Connor Pdf

The first interdisciplinary reference to cover the socioeconomic and political history, the movements, and the changing face of poverty in the United States. Poverty in the United States: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, and Policy follows the history of poverty in the United States with an emphasis on the 20th century, and examines the evolvement of public policy and the impact of critical movements in social welfare such as the New Deal, the War on Poverty, and, more recently, the "end of welfare as we know it." Encompassing the contributions of hundreds of experts, including historians, sociologists, and political scientists, this resource provides a much broader level of information than previous, highly selective works. With approximately 300 alphabetically-organized topics, it covers topics and issues ranging from affirmative action to the Bracero Program, the Great Depression, and living wage campaigns to domestic abuse and unemployment. Other entries describe and analyze the definitions and explanations of poverty, the relationship of the welfare state to poverty, and the political responses by the poor, middle-class professionals, and the policy elite.

Spirited Lives

Carol K. Coburn,Martha Smith
Spirited Lives Book PDF

Author : Carol K. Coburn,Martha Smith
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2005-10-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780807875711

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Spirited Lives by Carol K. Coburn,Martha Smith Pdf

Made doubly marginal by their gender and by their religion, American nuns have rarely been granted serious scholarly attention. Instead, their lives and achievements have been obscured by myths or distorted by stereotypes. Placing nuns into the mainstream of American religious and women's history for the first time, Spirited Lives reveals their critical impact on the development of Catholic culture and, ultimately, the building of American society. Focusing on the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet, one of the largest and most diverse American sisterhoods, Carol Coburn and Martha Smith explore how nuns directly influenced the lives of millions of Americans, both Catholic and non-Catholic, through their work in schools, hospitals, orphanages, and other social service institutions. Far from functioning as passive handmaidens for Catholic clergy and parishes, nuns created, financed, and administered these institutions, struggling with, and at times resisting, male secular and clerical authority. A rich and multifaceted narrative, Spirited Lives illuminates the intersection of gender, religion, and power in nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century America.

Child Care in Black and White

Jessie B. Ramey
Child Care in Black and White Book PDF

Author : Jessie B. Ramey
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-04-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780252094422

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Child Care in Black and White by Jessie B. Ramey Pdf

This innovative study examines the development of institutional childcare from 1878 to 1929, based on a comparison of two "sister" orphanages in Pittsburgh: the all-white United Presbyterian Orphan's Home and the all-black Home for Colored Children. Drawing on quantitative analysis of the records of more than 1,500 children living at the two orphanages, as well as census data, city logs, and contemporary social science surveys, this study raises new questions about the role of childcare in constructing and perpetrating social inequality in the United States.

A Home for Every Child

Patricia Susan Hart
A Home for Every Child Book PDF

Author : Patricia Susan Hart
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2011-05-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780295802039

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A Home for Every Child by Patricia Susan Hart Pdf

Adoption has been a politically charged subject since the Progressive Era, when it first became an established part of child welfare reform. In A Home for Every Child, Patricia Susan Hart looks at how, when, and why modern adoption practices became a part of child welfare policy. The Washington Children�s Home Society (now the Children�s Home Society of Washington) was founded in 1896 to place children into adoptive and foster homes as a means of dealing with child abuse, neglect, and homelessness. Hart reveals why birth parents relinquished their children to the Society, how adoptive parents embraced these vulnerable family members, and how the children adjusted to their new homes among strangers. Debates about nature versus nurture, fears about immigration, and anxieties about race and class informed child welfare policy during the Progressive Era. Hart sheds new light on that period of time and the social, cultural, and political factors that affected adopted children, their parents, and administrators of pioneering institutions like the Washington Children�s Home Society.