Parole Desistance From Crime And Community Integration

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Community Supervision and Desistance from Crime
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2007-11-26
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780309179584

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Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on Community Supervision and Desistance from Crime Pdf

Every day, about 1,600 people are released from prisons in the United States. Of these 600,000 new releasees every year, about 480,000 are subject to parole or some other kind of postrelease supervision. Prison releasees represent a challenge, both to themselves and to the communities to which they return. Will the releasees see parole as an opportunity to be reintegrated into society, with jobs and homes and supportive families and friends? Or will they commit new crimes or violate the terms of their parole contracts? If so, will they be returned to prison or placed under more stringent community supervision? Will the communities to which they return see them as people to be reintegrated or people to be avoided? And, the institution of parole itself is challenged with three different functions: to facilitate reintegration for parolees who are ready for rehabilitation; to deter crime; and to apprehend those parolees who commit new crimes and return them to prison. In recent decades, policy makers, researchers, and program administrators have focused almost exclusively on "recidivism," which is essentially the failure of releasees to refrain from crime or stay out of prison. In contrast, for this study the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) of the U.S. Department of Justice asked the National Research Council to focus on "desistance," which broadly covers continued absence of criminal activity and requires reintegration into society. Specifically, the committee was asked (1) to consider the current state of parole practices, new and emerging models of community supervision, and what is necessary for successful reentry and (2) to provide a research agenda on the effects of community supervision on desistance from criminal activity, adherence to conditions of parole, and successful reentry into the community. To carry out its charge, the committee organized and held a workshop focused on traditional and new models of community supervision, the empirical underpinnings of such models, and the infrastructure necessary to support successful reentry. Parole, Desistance from Crime, and Community Integration also reviews the literature on desistance from crime, community supervision, and the evaluation research on selected types of intervention.

Author : Michael Rocque
Publisher : Springer
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-25
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781137572349

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Desistance from Crime by Michael Rocque Pdf

This book represents a brief treatise on the theory and research behind the concept of desistance from crime. This ever-growing field has become increasingly relevant as questions of serious issues regarding sentencing, probation and the penal system continue to go unanswered. Rocque covers the history of research on desistance from crime and provides a discussion of research and theories on the topic before looking towards the future of the application of desistance to policy. The focus of the volume is to provide an overview of the practical and theoretical developments to better understand desistance. In addition, a multidisciplinary, integrative theoretical perspective is presented, ensuring that it will be of particular interest for students and scholars of criminology and the criminal justice system.

Author : Oxford University Press
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2010-05-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780199803279

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Community Corrections: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide by Oxford University Press Pdf

This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of criminology find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated related. A reader will discover, for instance, the most reliable introductions and overviews to the topic, and the most important publications on various areas of scholarly interest within this topic. In criminology, as in other disciplines, researchers at all levels are drowning in potentially useful scholarly information, and this guide has been created as a tool for cutting through that material to find the exact source you need. This ebook is a static version of an article from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology, a dynamic, continuously updated, online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through scholarship and other materials relevant to the study and practice of criminology. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.aboutobo.com.

Author : Ruth Armstrong,Ioan Durnescu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781349951185

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Parole and Beyond by Ruth Armstrong,Ioan Durnescu Pdf

This book provides an assessment of contemporary international knowledge about the experiences of life after release from prison. For over 100 years people leaving prison have been supervised by probation services, but little has been written about how those who are supervised experience this process, or how this process influences experiences post-release. Research suggests that the success or failure of supervision in terms of reoffending may be related to how it is experienced, but little has been written about how supervision interacts with these experiences. Despite this lack of grounded knowledge, post-prison supervision continues to grow internationally. This book addresses issues relating to life after release through providing a vision of contemporary life after prison in different social and economic climates from those who are the subjects of this growing and changing form of penal power. An engaging and timely study, this book will be of particular interest to scholars of criminal justice and punishment.

Author : Ben Stickle
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000564822

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Field Studies in Environmental Criminology by Ben Stickle Pdf

This book includes fieldwork from five continents and demonstrates the breadth of techniques used by environmental criminologists to understand crime. Environmental criminologists seek to understand crime within the physical, and even digital, contexts where it occurs – believing that crime occurs when people converge in time and space and that the environment impacts the opportunity for crime. Understanding the environment aids the researcher in answering an essential question: what can be done to alter the place to prevent or reduce crime? However, to understand complex environmental influences, researchers need to engage in fieldwork. Fieldwork involves researchers entering the environment they are studying to observe, listen, and experience the surroundings in a way that influences their understanding of the place and people in the environment. This book highlights the broad array of crime types – from package theft in the suburbs to poaching in the Nile basin – that environmental criminology is well suited to address. Finally, it advances methods and techniques, tests established protocols, and offers reflections on experiences during fieldwork, demonstrating the value of the techniques for environmental criminology and offering solutions to crime problems. The chapters in this book were originally published in special issues of Criminal Justice Studies.

Author : Thomas G. Blomberg,Julie Mestre Brancale,Kevin M. Beaver,William D. Bales
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317572008

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Advancing Criminology and Criminal Justice Policy by Thomas G. Blomberg,Julie Mestre Brancale,Kevin M. Beaver,William D. Bales Pdf

Advancing Criminology and Criminal Justice Policy is a definitive sourcebook that is comprised of contributions from some of the most recognized experts in criminology and criminal justice policy. The book is essential reading for students taking upper level courses and seminars on crime, public policy and crime prevention, as well as for policy makers within the criminal justice sphere. There has been a growing recognition of the importance of evidence-based criminal justice policies from criminologists, policymakers, and practitioners. Yet, despite governmental and professional association efforts to promote the role of criminological research in criminal justice policy, political ideologies, fear, and the media heavily influence criminal justice policies and practices. Bridging the gap between research and policy, this book provides the best-available research evidence, identifies strategies for informing policy and offers direct policy recommendations for a number of pressing contemporary issues in criminal justice, including: Delinquency, intervention programs and community crime prevention, Problem-oriented policing and the science of hot-spot policing, Sentencing and drug courts, Community corrections, incarceration and rehabilitation, Mental illness, gender, aging and indigenous communities.

Author : Oxford University Press
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2010-05-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780199803514

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Prisons and Jails: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide by Oxford University Press Pdf

This ebook is a selective guide designed to help scholars and students of criminology find reliable sources of information by directing them to the best available scholarly materials in whatever form or format they appear from books, chapters, and journal articles to online archives, electronic data sets, and blogs. Written by a leading international authority on the subject, the ebook provides bibliographic information supported by direct recommendations about which sources to consult and editorial commentary to make it clear how the cited sources are interrelated related. A reader will discover, for instance, the most reliable introductions and overviews to the topic, and the most important publications on various areas of scholarly interest within this topic. In criminology, as in other disciplines, researchers at all levels are drowning in potentially useful scholarly information, and this guide has been created as a tool for cutting through that material to find the exact source you need. This ebook is a static version of an article from Oxford Bibliographies Online: Criminology, a dynamic, continuously updated, online resource designed to provide authoritative guidance through scholarship and other materials relevant to the study and practice of criminology. Oxford Bibliographies Online covers most subject disciplines within the social science and humanities, for more information visit www.aboutobo.com.

Author : John Dewar Gleissner
Publisher : John Dewar Gleissner
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781432753832

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Prison and Slavery - A Surprising Comparison by John Dewar Gleissner Pdf

This historically accurate and thoroughly researched book compares the modern American prison system to antebellum slavery. The surprising comparison proves that antebellum slavery was not as bad as many believe, while modern mass incarceration is an unrealized social and financial disaster of mammoth proportions.

Author : Lacey Schaefer,Francis T. Cullen,John E. Eck
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781506323299

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Environmental Corrections by Lacey Schaefer,Francis T. Cullen,John E. Eck Pdf

A new paradigm for supervising offenders in the community Environmental Corrections is an innovative guide filled with rich insights and strategies for probation and parole officers to effectively integrate offenders back into the community and reduce recidivism. Authors Lacey Schaefer, Francis T. Cullen, and John E. Eck move beyond traditional models for interventions and build directly on the applied focus of environmental criminology theories. Using this approach, the authors answer the question of what officers can do to decrease opportunities for an offender to commit a crime. Readers will learn how to recognize and assess specific criminal opportunities in an offender’s past and gain the tools and strategies they need to design an individualized supervision plan that channels offenders away from these criminogenic situations.

Author : Joan Petersilia,Kevin R. Reitz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 777 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2015-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190241445

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The Oxford Handbook of Sentencing and Corrections by Joan Petersilia,Kevin R. Reitz Pdf

Originally published: 2012. First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback 2015.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1048 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2014-04-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780470658444

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The Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology by Anonim Pdf

The two-volume Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology, available in print and online, is the definitive reference resource for theoretical criminology. This encyclopedia offers a state-of-the-art survey of leading theories, concepts, and key figures in the field. It combines this breadth of coverage with the authority and international perspective of an experienced team of contributors, creating a definitive reference resource for students, scholars, and professionals. Broad coverage spans the origins and evolution of leading theories, major theorists, concepts, applications, and degree of empirical support for both criminology and justice Edited by a leading team of experts in the field and enhanced by contributions from an international group of leading criminology and criminal justice scholars Offers a global perspective from an international team of leading scholars, including coverage of the strong and rapidly growing body of work on criminology in Europe and other areas Includes coverage of theories of justice, crime, applied criminology, and traditional and alternative criminological theories 2 Volumes www.theoreticalcriminology.com

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, Postal Service, and the District of Columbia
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Alternatives to imprisonment
ISBN : UOM:39015089031085

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The Local Role of the U.S. Parole Commission by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, Postal Service, and the District of Columbia Pdf

Author : Faye S. Taxman,April Pattavina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781461461883

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Simulation Strategies to Reduce Recidivism by Faye S. Taxman,April Pattavina Pdf

The use of simulation modeling in criminal justice dates back to the 1970s. Early models were developed to capture the realities of the criminal justice system, to identify what changes were needed, and how small changes would affect the overall picture. Significant time and effort were devoted to these projects and although they achieved some success, the complex nature of the criminal justice system and the difficulties associated with improving and maintaining the models prohibited wide spread adoption in the field. Some of the problems with early simulation projects were the lack of data to validate models, the lack of technical skills needed by staff to design and build the models, and the technical difficulties with software programming to transform models into computerized representations. As simulation modeling has becoming a more popular technique across many disciplines, and technology as well as the technical skills of researchers has improved, this book revisits the concept of simulation modeling with new applications for the criminal justice system. The wider availability of data has made for more opportunity to verify and validate models; computing software has become more available and easier to use; and the capacity for visualization and communication of models shows promise for the future of simulation in criminal justice. The time has come to examine the past, present, and future contributions of simulation modeling to the field of criminal justice. This work provides a central resource of information for the current state of simulation modeling, and overview of existing techniques and cases of success, and directions for future development. This work will be an important resource for researchers in criminal justice and related fields, as well as those studying policy-related topics.

Author : Marvin D. Krohn,Alan J. Lizotte,Gina Penly Hall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 607 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010-01-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781441902450

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Handbook on Crime and Deviance by Marvin D. Krohn,Alan J. Lizotte,Gina Penly Hall Pdf

Author : Randall G. Shelden,William B. Brown,Karen S. Miller,Randal B. Fritzler
Publisher : Waveland Press
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781478630142

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Crime and Criminal Justice in American Society by Randall G. Shelden,William B. Brown,Karen S. Miller,Randal B. Fritzler Pdf

Today’s headlines vividly illustrate the importance of understanding aspects of the criminal justice system too often ignored. While the second edition of Crime and Criminal Justice in American Society includes the most recent statistics on the police, courts, and corrections, its provocative, current examples also spur critical thinking about justice in the United States. The authors offer an alternative interpretation of criminal justice rarely presented in traditional textbooks or by the media. They encourage readers to examine their beliefs about crime, punishment, and the law. Discussions in the chapters about how African Americans, Hispanics, whites, women, juveniles, the rich, and the poor experience crime and the criminal justice system contribute context for understanding different viewpoints. The poor and minorities are the most likely to be caught in the net of criminal justice—but inequities have consequences for everyone. Reflection on various perspectives provides helpful input for assessing attitudes and for becoming actively involved with issues that have significant consequences. Eighteen thoroughly revised chapters present historical backgrounds, theories, and emerging issues. New to the second edition is a chapter on veterans involved in the criminal justice system. Affordable, succinct, and engaging, this textbook presents the key concepts of the criminal justice system at less than half the cost of many competing textbooks.