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Particulate-filled Polymer Composites by Roger N. Rothon Pdf
This is an updated version of the book first published in 1995. The use of particulate fillers in polymers has a long history, and they continue to play a very important role today. In the relatively short time since the publication of the first edition of this book, much has changed and all the chapters have been updated and revised, and a completely new chapter covering the latest developments in nano-filler technology is included. The aim of this book is to provide a guide to the fundamentals of the use of particulate fillers, which is accessible to people from the many different industries and disciplines who have an interest in the subject. Chapters cover: Selection and Use of Particulate Fillers Types of Particulate Filler Filler Surfaces and their Characterisation Surface Modification and Surface Modifiers Preparation and Mixture Characterisation of Mineral Filler Polymer Compounds Particulate Fillers as Flame Retardants Particulate Fillers in Elastomers Particulate Fillers in Thermoplastics Particulate Fillers in Thermosets Composites Using Nano-Fillers
Particulate-filled Polymer Nanocomposites by G. V. Kozlov Pdf
The present monography consists of three parts, in which particulate-filled polymer nanocomposites with elastomeric, semicrystalline and amorphous glassy matrices, and also hybrid nanocomposites, were considered. The relationship structure-properties study for all the indicated above nanocomposites were performed on the basis of modern physical conceptionsfractal analysis, percolation theory, cluster model of polymer amorphous state structure and synergetics of the solid body. Particular attention is paid to the basic effects found for nanocomposites: interfacial adhesion and nanofiller particles aggregation. A number of new typical effects for polymer nanocomposites (for example, the nanoadhesion effect) are described in detail. A new treatment of the nanocomposites structure reinforcing element is offered as the sum of the nanofiller and interfacial regions contents, taking into account the interfacial adhesion level. This has allowed us to use the modified percolation model for the determination of these materials reinforcement degree, as well as an evaluation of its greatest reaching value. An important role of nanoparticles (aggregates of nanoparticles) in nanocomposites properties formation has been shown. For the initial nanoparticles aggregation degree, a theoretical model within the framework of dispersive strength theory was proposed, allowing one to perform nanoparticles aggregates size estimation as a function of their contents. With the aid of nanoindentation, the interfacial layer sizes and elasticity modulus were experimentally determined. Within the framework of the indicated above fractal models nanocomposites thermophysical properties, their electrical conductivity and other properties were studied. It has been shown that the classical continuous models, developed for polymer microcomposites, do not give an adequate description of change (reduction) of polymer nanocomposites melt viscosity at the nanofiller contents enhancement. Such a description can be obtained by the fractally-beaten ice model application.
Particulate Fillers for Polymers by R. N. Rothon Pdf
This is an overview of particulate filler production and use. Each filler type has different properties and these in turn are influenced by the particle size, shape and surface chemistry. Filler characteristics are discussed from costs to particle morphology. Practical aspects of filler grading are described and the principal filler types are outlined. Filler surface modification is an important topic. The main types of modifying agent and their uses are described, from fatty acids to functionalised polymers. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites by Hanafi Ismail,S.M. Sapuan,R.A. Ilyas Pdf
Mineral-filled polymer composites are increasingly used for various applications, including automotive, construction, biomedical, maritime, sport and ballistic, due to the advantages of low cost, light weight, excellent rigidity and high mechanical strength. One of two volumes comprising the Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites Handbook, this volume provides an overview of the latest research, trends, applications and future directions of advanced mineral fiber-reinforced polymer composites. It focuses specifically on material selection, processing and applications. This book: Emphasizes the principles governing the behavior of mineral-filled composite materials in the field of engineering and their applications Covers systematic material selection tools such as analytical hierarchy process (AHP), analytical network process (ANP), and technique of ranking preferences by similarity of the ideal solution (TOPSIS) Reviews the use of these materials for various engineering applications Features chapters looking at fabrication techniques and frictional properties Details current research in polymer nanocomposites and particulate polymer composites This book serves as an excellent reference guide for researchers, advanced students, academics and industry professionals interested in the synthesis of mineral-filled polymer and biopolymer composites, as well as those pursuing research in the broad fields of composite materials, polymers, organic/inorganic hybrid materials and nano-assembly.
Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials by Chang Dae Han Pdf
Volume 1 presents first fundamental principles of the rheology of polymeric fluid including kinematics and stresses of a deformable body, the continuum theory for the viscoelasticity of flexible homogeneous polymeric liquids, the molecular theory for the viscoelasticity of flexible homogeneous polymeric liquids, and the experimental methods for the measurement of the rheological properties of poylmeric liquids. The materials presented are intended to set a stage for the subsequent chapters by introducing the basic concepts and principles of rheology, from both phenomenological and molecular perspectives, ofstructurally simple flexible and homogeneous polymeric liquids. Next, this volume presents the rheological behavior of structurally complex polymeric materials including miscible polymer blends, block copolymers, liquid-crystalline polymers, thermoplastic polyurethanes, immiscible polymer blends, perticulare-filled polymers, organoclay nanocomposites, molten polymers with dissolved gas, and thermosts.
Polymer Composites, Nanocomposites by Sabu Thomas,Kuruvilla Joseph,S. K. Malhotra,Koichi Goda,M. S. Sreekala Pdf
Polymer composites are materials in which the matrix polymer isreinforced with organic/inorganic fillers of a definite size andshape, leading to enhanced performance of the resultant composite.These materials find a wide number of applications in such diversefields as geotextiles, building, electronics, medical, packaging,and automobiles. This first systematic reference on the topic emphasizes thecharacteristics and dimension of this reinforcement. The authors are leading researchers in the field from academia,government, industry, as well as private research institutionsacross the globe, and adopt a practical approach here, coveringsuch aspects as the preparation, characterization, properties andtheory of polymer composites. The book begins by discussing the state of the art, new challenges,and opportunities of various polymer composite systems. Interfacialcharacterization of the composites is discussed in detail, as isthe macro- and micromechanics of the composites. Structure-propertyrelationships in various composite systems are explained with thehelp of theoretical models, while processing techniques for variousmacro- to nanocomposite systems and the influence of processingparameters on the properties of the composite are reviewed indetail. The characterization of microstructure, elastic,viscoelastic, static and dynamic mechanical, thermal, tribological,rheological, optical, electrical and barrier properties arehighlighted, as well as their myriad applications. Divided into three volumes: Vol. 1. Macro- and Microcomposites;Vol. 2. Nanocomposites; and Vol. 3. Biocomposites.
Modeling and Prediction of Polymer Nanocomposite Properties by Vikas Mittal Pdf
The book series 'Polymer Nano-, Micro- and Macrocomposites' provides complete and comprehensive information on all important aspects of polymer composite research and development, including, but not limited to synthesis, filler modification, modeling, characterization as well as application and commercialization issues. Each book focuses on a particular topic and gives a balanced in-depth overview of the respective subfi eld of polymer composite science and its relation to industrial applications. With the books the readers obtain dedicated resources with information relevant to their research, thereby helping to save time and money. This book lays the theoretical foundations and emphasizes the close connection between theory and experiment to optimize models and real-life procedures for the various stages of polymer composite development. As such, it covers quantum-mechanical approaches to understand the chemical processes on an atomistic level, molecular mechanics simulations to predict the filler surface dynamics, finite element methods to investigate the macro-mechanical behavior, and thermodynamic models to assess the temperature stability. The whole is rounded off by a look at multiscale models that can simulate properties at various length and time scales in one go - and with predictive accuracy.
Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites Handbook, Two-Volume Set by Hanafi Ismail,S. M. Sapuan,R.A. Ilyas Pdf
Mineral-filled polymer composites exhibit several advantages that make this material class attractive for a variety of applications, including their low cost, light weight, excellent rigidity, and high mechanical strength. Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites Handbook serves as a comprehensive overview of the latest research, trends, applications, and future directions of advanced mineral fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Comprised of 2 volumes: Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites: Perspective, Properties, and New Materials Mineral-Filled Polymer Composites: Selection, Processing, and Applications Presents details on processing, applications, and ageing of macro- to nanosized mineral reinforced polymer composites Examines fabrication techniques, novel synthesis methods, and mechanical behavior, thermal, flammability, and functional properties of a wide array of mineral filled polymer composite materials Covers a broad range of different research fields, including organic and inorganic filler used in the development of composites for various types of engineering applications Offers the latest developments in nano/micromineral-based polymer composites This book serves as an excellent reference guide for researchers, advanced students, academics, and industry professionals interested in the synthesis of mineral-filled polymer and biopolymer composites, as well as those pursuing research in the broad fields of composite materials, polymers, organic/inorganic hybrid materials, and nano-assembly.
Physical Properties and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites by S C Tjong,Y.-W. Mai Pdf
Polymer nanocomposites are polymer matrices reinforced with nano-scale fillers. This new class of composite materials has shown improved mechanical and physical properties. The latter include enhanced optical, electrical and dielectric properties. This important book begins by examining the characteristics of the main types of polymer nanocomposites, then reviews their diverse applications. Part one focuses on polymer/nanoparticle composites, their synthesis, optical properties and electrical conductivity. Part two describes the electrical, dielectric and thermal behaviour of polymer/nanoplatelet composites, whilst polymer/nanotube composites are the subject of Part three. The processing and industrial applications of these nanocomposite materials are discussed in Part four, including uses in fuel cells, bioimaging and sensors as well as the manufacture and applications of electrospun polymer nanocomposite fibers, nanostructured transition metal oxides, clay nanofiller/epoxy nanocomposites, hybrid epoxy-silica-rubber nanocomposites and other rubber-based nanocomposites. Polymer nanocomposites: Physical properties and applications is a valuable reference tool for both the research community and industry professionals wanting to learn about the these materials and their applications in such areas as fuel cell, sensor and biomedical technology. Examines the characteristics of the main types of polymer nanocomposites and reviews their diverse applications Comprehensively assesses polymer/nanoparticle composites exploring experimental techniques and data associated with the conductivity and dielectric characterization A specific section on polymer/nanotube composites features electrical and dielectric behaviour of polymer/carbon nanotube composites
Functional Polymer Blends and Nanocomposites by Gennady E. Zaikov,Liliya I. Bazylyak,A. K. Haghi Pdf
This book details original, theoretical, and important experimental results that use non-routine methodologies often unfamiliar to most readers. It also includes papers on novel applications of more familiar experimental techniques and analyses of composite problems. The book provides comprehensive coverage on the latest developments of research in the ever-expanding area of composite materials and their applications to broad scientific fields spanning physics, chemistry, biology, materials, and more.
Prospects in Filled Polymers Engineering by Christian Brosseau Pdf
This book is dedicated to the memory of Pierre Gilles de Gennes (1932-2007). The depth, breadth, beauty and shear quantity of his physics and science is phenomenal. It is probably safe to say that every physicist interested in polymer physics today is influenced by work of de Gennes. This volume is concerned with diverse topics related to filled polymers engineering. Particle-filled polymers provide a remarkable and exciting arena for mesoscopic physics because they offer more degrees of design freedom to optimize response than is available with single-phase materials. The past two decades have seen a blossoming of interest in soft compounds filled with a variety of filler particles ranging from particles to fibers to nanotubes; examples include plasto-ferrites used for microwave absorbers and flexible magnets, and carbon black (CB) filled polymers used for current limiters, or in tires. In view of this activity, it is vital to understand the physical properties (and their couplings) of this broad category of condensed matter sometimes referred to collectively as finely divided materials. Filler particles dispersed in a polymeric melt represents a stochastic dynamical system far from equilibrium. Filler particles are constantly adsorbed and desorbed; at the same time polymer chains obey random walk statistics and eventually entangle. These processes are both inherently stochastic, and yield heterogeneous materials. A general feature that emerges from recent experiments is that, even under well-controlled conditions of fabrication, the steady-state associated with quenched configurational disorder represents a useful model for the study of the interplay of disorder and interactions. The mouldability of these composites into complex shapes is another advantage, and the properties of this class of filled polymers may be valuable to several related industries due to the versatile engineering and cost effectiveness. To this end, the current book emphasizes those properties of greatest utility to physicists and engineers interested in characterizing such complex materials. The contributors to this book have endeavored to be selective, choosing and documenting those results to have the highest relevance and reliability. There was no attempt to be exhaustive and comprehensive. The careful selection of the topics included, however, suggests that the most attractive features of these particulate composites, is that their dielectric and magnetic properties can be varied over a wide range by the choice of the shape, size and connectivity of the constituents in the polymeric matrix. This volume contains six survey contributions describing several active areas in this field of research. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), cylindrical macromolecules of carbon, have been the focus of intense research during recent years mainly because of their rich structural (molecular scale) and physical (electronic, mechanical, and optical) properties, which may also be tuned functionalizing the internal constituents of the tubes, i.e. filled by a variety of materials, and the sidewalls. CNTs/polymer composites are among the most cited candidate materials for nanoelectronics, a dominant position that stems mostly from their intrinsic structural and electronic properties. Although the flexible CNTs/polymer composite could prove to be a central part of future foldable flat screen display, or flexible electronic paper, there is a long way to go. The a priori prediction of mechanical and electrical properties remains an outstanding problem in materials physics. Within this context, Mdarhri and Brosseau review, in the first chapter, the analysis of the electromagnetic behavior of CNTs in a polymer matrix. More specifically, they showed that few analytical methods can deal with this issue beyond mean-field and phenomenological arguments. In the second chapter, Youngs considers non-percolating and percolating composite materials. The interplay of wave and charge transport and disorder has been a recurring theme in condensed matter physics. The didactic style of the chapter should make it generally useful to those interested in conductor-insulator mixtures because this kind of heterostructures provides the opportunity for studying generic problems appearing in many strongly correlated systems, for example percolation and scaling, which play important roles in metal-insulator transitions. The peculiar properties of the response of these materials to electromagnetic waves have important implications in the design of structure with optimized electromagnetic properties. In Achour's chapter the focus will be on the microwave properties of CB filled epoxies. After an incisive introduction to the physical models describing the electromagnetic properties of heterogeneous materials and an extensively referenced guide to important bulk characteristics of CB filled polymers, the author turns to a presentation of experimental results with emphasis on the characterization of the efffective permittivity and conductivity of these composite materials. The chapter by Brosseau reviews what is current with respect to the underlying physics of the mesostructure and elasticity network in filled polymers. In addition, he reports the results of experimental studies of the mesostructure, thermodynamics and rheology of mechanically mixed linear low-density polyethylene CB composites. The network structure, cristallinity and linear viscoelastic behavior of these materials are characterized by a combination of experimental techniques including direct current conductivity, sorption kinetics, X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry and rheology. Next, Krakovsky and Ikeda present a comprehensive overview of the network and viscoelastic properties of filled polymers, one of the most venerable subjects in this area. A physically based description of the principal ideas and models that have been used to describe the viscoelastic (Payne effect) and hyperelastic (Mullins effect) behaviors is followed by a scholarly section on the formation of polymer and filler networks, i.e. spherical primary particles or fractal-like aggregates formed from them. In the final chapter, Guo and co-workers discuss physical and physico-chemical properties of ceramic nanoparticle-based polymeric nanocomposites. Because of their widely tunable properties, polymeric nanocomposites provide the ideal playground to model and study complex many body systems. By using nanoparticle functionalization, the authors explored the formed particle/matrix interfacial bonding. A relatively small number of contributions can only skim the surface of filled polymers engineering. Our goal is only to illustrate the current status in the understanding of the properties of these finely dispersed media. Clearly, the interplay between processing, mesostructure, and properties is an important engineering and scientific concern. Both the editor and contributors of this volume would feel well rewarded if this book helps relieve some of the problems of finding useful information on the mesostructure, elasticity network, and macroscopic properties of filled polymers.
Polymer Nanocomposites by Aravind Dasari,Zhong-Zhen Yu,Yiu-Wing Mai Pdf
This highlights ongoing research efforts on different aspects of polymer nanocomposites and explores their potentials to exhibit multi-functional properties. In this context, it addresses both fundamental and advanced concepts, while delineating the parameters and mechanisms responsible for these potentials. Aspects considered include embrittlement/toughness; wear/scratch behaviour; thermal stability and flame retardancy; barrier, electrical and thermal conductivity; and optical and magnetic properties. Further, the book was written as a coherent unit rather than a collection of chapters on different topics. As such, the results, analyses and discussions presented herein provide a guide for the development of a new class of multi-functional nanocomposites. Offering an invaluable resource for materials researchers and postgraduate students in the polymer composites field, they will also greatly benefit materials
Update on Nanofillers in Nanocomposites by A.K Haghi Pdf
Polymer nanocomposites continue to receive widespread acclaim for their potential to improve composite materials beyond the use of conventional macroscale fillers. Nanofillers in nanocomposites are used in a broad range of applications because their ease of processing, low price and a combination of advantageous properties. In the last decade, nanofiller particles have prompted much attention and become a developing field in nanocomposites. The main objective of this book is to show how a particle size at the nano scale offers a large surface area and good dispersion behaviour. Detailed information is provided to show that the use of nanofillers is very promising for improving the physical properties more effectively than conventional types of fillers. This book provides up-to-date information on recent advances in various aspects of modern composites reinforced by nanofillers, including their fabrication and engineering properties. The change in such properties can be related to the subsequent conformational changes, but there is controversy about the conformational behaviour of polymer chains when perturbed by nanoparticles. To accomplish these tasks, this book focuses on the behaviour of nanoparticles in both morphology control and reinforcement.
Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites by Inamuddin,Sabu Thomas,Raghvendra Kumar Mishra,Abdullah M. Asiri Pdf
This book presents emerging economical and environmentally friendly polymer composites that are free of the side effects observed in traditional composites. It focuses on eco-friendly composite materials using granulated cork, a by-product of the cork industry; cellulose pulp from the recycling of paper residues; hemp fibers; and a range of other environmentally friendly materials procured from various sources. The book presents the manufacturing methods, properties and characterization techniques of these eco-friendly composites. The respective chapters address classical and recent aspects of eco-friendly polymer composites and their chemistry, along with practical applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, automotive and other sectors. Topics addressed include the fundamentals, processing, properties, practicality, drawbacks and advantages of eco-friendly polymer composites. Featuring contributions by experts in the field with a variety of backgrounds and specialties, the book will appeal to researchers and students in the fields of materials science and environmental science. Moreover, it fills the gap between research work in the laboratory and practical applications in related industries.
