Patterns In Network Architecture

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Patterns in Network Architecture

Author : John Day
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2007-12-27
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780132704564

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Patterns in Network Architecture by John Day Pdf

In Patterns in Network Architecture, pioneer John Day takes a unique approach to solving the problem of network architecture. Piercing the fog of history, he bridges the gap between our experience from the original ARPANET and today’s Internet to a new perspective on networking. Along the way, he shows how socioeconomic forces derailed progress and led to the current crisis. Beginning with the seven fundamental, and still unanswered, questions identified during the ARPANET’s development, Patterns in Network Architecture returns to bedrock and traces our experience both good and bad. Along the way, he uncovers overlooked patterns in protocols that simplify design and implementation and resolves the classic conflict between connection and connectionless while retaining the best of both. He finds deep new insights into the core challenges of naming and addressing, along with results from upper-layer architecture. All of this in Day’s deft hands comes together in a tour de force of elegance and simplicity with the annoying turn of events that the answer has been staring us in the face: Operating systems tell us even more about networking than we thought. The result is, in essence, the first “unified theory of networking,” and leads to a simpler, more powerful—and above all—more scalable network infrastructure. The book then lays the groundwork for how to exploit the result in the design, development, and management as we move beyond the limitations of the Internet.

Patterns in Network Architecture

Author : John D. Day
Publisher : Prentice-Hall PTR
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0132252422

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Patterns in Network Architecture by John D. Day Pdf

Groundbreaking Patterns for Building Simpler, More Powerful Networks InPatterns in Network Architecture, pioneer John Day takes a unique approach to solving the problem of network architecture. Piercing the fog of history, he bridges the gap between our experience from the original ARPANET and today’s Internet to a new perspective on networking. Along the way, he shows how socioeconomic forces derailed progress and led to the current crisis. Beginning with the seven fundamental, and still unanswered, questions identified during the ARPANET’s development,Patterns in Network Architecturereturns to bedrock and traces our experience both good and bad. Along the way, he uncovers overlooked patterns in protocols that simplify design and implementation and resolves the classic conflict between connection and connectionless while retaining the best of both. He finds deep new insights into the core challenges of naming and addressing, along with results from upper-layer architecture. All of this in Day’s deft hands comes together in a tour de force of elegance and simplicity with the annoying turn of events that the answer has been staring us in the face: Operating systems tell us even more about networking than we thought. The result is, in essence, the first “unified theory of networking,” and leads to a simpler, more powerful–and above all–more scalable network infrastructure. The book then lays the groundwork for how to exploit the result in the design, development, and management as we move beyond the limitations of the Internet. Using this new model, Day shows how many complex mechanisms in the Internet today (multihoming, mobility, and multicast) are, with this collapse in complexity, now simply a consequence of the structure. The problems of router table growth of such concern today disappear. The inescapable conclusion is that the Internet is an unfinished demo, more in the tradition of DOS than Unix, that has been living on Moore’s Law and 30 years of band-aids. It is long past time to get networking back on track. • Patterns in network protocols that synthesize “contradictory” approaches and simplify design and implementation • “Deriving” that networking is interprocess communication (IPC) yielding • A distributed IPC model that repeats with different scope and range of operation • Making network addresses topological makes routing purely a local matter • That in fact, private addresses are the norm–not the exception–with the consequence that the global public addresses required today are unnecessary • That mobility is dynamic multihoming and unicast is a subset of multicast, but multicast devolves into unicast and facilitates mobility • That the Internet today is more like DOS, but what we need should be more like Unix • For networking researchers, architects, designers, engineers Provocative, elegant, and profound,Patterns in Network Architecturetransforms the way you envision, architect, and implement networks. Preface: The Seven Unanswered Questions xiii Chapter 1: Foundations for Network Architecture 1 Chapter 2: Protocol Elements 23 Chapter 3: Patterns in Protocols 57 Chapter 4: Stalking the Upper-Layer Architecture 97 Chapter 5: Naming and Addressing 141 Chapter 6: Divining Layers 185 Chapter 7: The Network IPC Model 235 Chapter 8: Making Addresses Topological 283 Chapter 9: Multihoming, Multicast, and Mobility 317 Chapter 10: Backing Out of a Blind Alley 351 Appendix A: Outline for Gedanken Experiment on Separating Mechanism and Policy 385 Bibliography 389 Index 399

Patterns in Network Architecture

Author : John Day
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Computer network architectures
ISBN : 8131735486

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Patterns in Network Architecture by John Day Pdf

Groundbreaking Patterns for Building Simpler, More Powerful Networks In Patterns in Network Architecture , pioneer John Day takes a unique approach to solving the problem of network architecture. Piercing the fog of history, he bridges the gap between our experience from the original ARPANET and today's Internet to a new perspective on networking. Along the way, he shows how socioeconomic forces derailed progress and led to the current crisis. Beginning with the seven fundamental, and still unanswered, questions identified during the ARPANET's development, Patterns in Network Architecture returns to bedrock and traces our experience both good and bad. Along the way, he uncovers overlooked patterns in protocols that simplify design and implementation and resolves the classic conflict between connection and connectionless while retaining the best of both. He finds deep new insights into the core challenges of naming and addressing, along with results from upper-layer architecture. All of this in Day's deft hands comes together in a tour de force of elegance and simplicity with the annoying turn of events that the answer has been staring us in the face: Operating systems tell us even more about networking than we thought. The result is, in essence, the first "unified theory of networking," and leads to a simpler, more powerful-and above all-more scalable network infrastructure. The book then lays the groundwork for how to exploit the result in the design, development, and management as we move beyond the limitations of the Internet. Using this new model, Day shows how many complex mechanisms in the Internet today (multihoming, mobility, and multicast) are, with this collapse in complexity, now simply a consequence of the structure. The problems of router table growth of such concern today disappear. The inescapable conclusion is that the Internet is an unfinished demo, more in the tradition of DOS than Unix, that has been living on Moore's Law and 30 years of band-aids. It is long past time to get networking back on track. • Patterns in network protocols that synthesize "contradictory" approaches and simplify design and implementation • "Deriving" that networking is interprocess communication (IPC) yielding • A distributed IPC model that repeats with different scope and range of operation • Making network addresses topological makes routing purely a local matter • That in fact, private addresses ...

The Art of Network Architecture

Author : Russ White,Denise Donohue
Publisher : Cisco Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014-04-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780133259216

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The Art of Network Architecture by Russ White,Denise Donohue Pdf

The Art of Network Architecture Business-Driven Design The business-centered, business-driven guide to architecting and evolving networks The Art of Network Architecture is the first book that places business needs and capabilities at the center of the process of architecting and evolving networks. Two leading enterprise network architects help you craft solutions that are fully aligned with business strategy, smoothly accommodate change, and maximize future flexibility. Russ White and Denise Donohue guide network designers in asking and answering the crucial questions that lead to elegant, high-value solutions. Carefully blending business and technical concerns, they show how to optimize all network interactions involving flow, time, and people. The authors review important links between business requirements and network design, helping you capture the information you need to design effectively. They introduce today’s most useful models and frameworks, fully addressing modularity, resilience, security, and management. Next, they drill down into network structure and topology, covering virtualization, overlays, modern routing choices, and highly complex network environments. In the final section, the authors integrate all these ideas to consider four realistic design challenges: user mobility, cloud services, Software Defined Networking (SDN), and today’s radically new data center environments. • Understand how your choices of technologies and design paradigms will impact your business • Customize designs to improve workflows, support BYOD, and ensure business continuity • Use modularity, simplicity, and network management to prepare for rapid change • Build resilience by addressing human factors and redundancy • Design for security, hardening networks without making them brittle • Minimize network management pain, and maximize gain • Compare topologies and their tradeoffs • Consider the implications of network virtualization, and walk through an MPLS-based L3VPN example • Choose routing protocols in the context of business and IT requirements • Maximize mobility via ILNP, LISP, Mobile IP, host routing, MANET, and/or DDNS • Learn about the challenges of removing and changing services hosted in cloud environments • Understand the opportunities and risks presented by SDNs • Effectively design data center control planes and topologies

Architectural Patterns

Author : Pethuru Raj Chelliah,Harihara Subramanian,Anupama Murali
Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-12-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781787288348

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Architectural Patterns by Pethuru Raj Chelliah,Harihara Subramanian,Anupama Murali Pdf

Learn the importance of architectural and design patterns in producing and sustaining next-generation IT and business-critical applications with this guide. About This Book Use patterns to tackle communication, integration, application structure, and more Implement modern design patterns such as microservices to build resilient and highly available applications Choose between the MVP, MVC, and MVVM patterns depending on the application being built Who This Book Is For This book will empower and enrich IT architects (such as enterprise architects, software product architects, and solution and system architects), technical consultants, evangelists, and experts. What You Will Learn Understand how several architectural and design patterns work to systematically develop multitier web, mobile, embedded, and cloud applications Learn object-oriented and component-based software engineering principles and patterns Explore the frameworks corresponding to various architectural patterns Implement domain-driven, test-driven, and behavior-driven methodologies Deploy key platforms and tools effectively to enable EA design and solutioning Implement various patterns designed for the cloud paradigm In Detail Enterprise Architecture (EA) is typically an aggregate of the business, application, data, and infrastructure architectures of any forward-looking enterprise. Due to constant changes and rising complexities in the business and technology landscapes, producing sophisticated architectures is on the rise. Architectural patterns are gaining a lot of attention these days. The book is divided in three modules. You'll learn about the patterns associated with object-oriented, component-based, client-server, and cloud architectures. The second module covers Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) patterns and how they are architected using various tools and patterns. You will come across patterns for Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Event-Driven Architecture (EDA), Resource-Oriented Architecture (ROA), big data analytics architecture, and Microservices Architecture (MSA). The final module talks about advanced topics such as Docker containers, high performance, and reliable application architectures. The key takeaways include understanding what architectures are, why they're used, and how and where architecture, design, and integration patterns are being leveraged to build better and bigger systems. Style and Approach This book adopts a hands-on approach with real-world examples and use cases.

Cloud Native Data Center Networking

Author : Dinesh G. Dutt
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781492045557

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Cloud Native Data Center Networking by Dinesh G. Dutt Pdf

If you want to study, build, or simply validate your thinking about modern cloud native data center networks, this is your book. Whether you’re pursuing a multitenant private cloud, a network for running machine learning, or an enterprise data center, author Dinesh Dutt takes you through the steps necessary to design a data center that’s affordable, high capacity, easy to manage, agile, and reliable. Ideal for network architects, data center operators, and network and containerized application developers, this book mixes theory with practice to guide you through the architecture and protocols you need to create and operate a robust, scalable network infrastructure. The book offers a vendor-neutral way to look at network design. For those interested in open networking, this book is chock-full of examples using open source software, from FRR to Ansible. In the context of a cloud native data center, you’ll examine: Clos topology Network disaggregation Network operating system choices Routing protocol choices Container networking Network virtualization and EVPN Network automation

A Pattern Language

Author : Christopher Alexander
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2018-09-20
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780190050351

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A Pattern Language by Christopher Alexander Pdf

You can use this book to design a house for yourself with your family; you can use it to work with your neighbors to improve your town and neighborhood; you can use it to design an office, or a workshop, or a public building. And you can use it to guide you in the actual process of construction. After a ten-year silence, Christopher Alexander and his colleagues at the Center for Environmental Structure are now publishing a major statement in the form of three books which will, in their words, "lay the basis for an entirely new approach to architecture, building and planning, which will we hope replace existing ideas and practices entirely." The three books are The Timeless Way of Building, The Oregon Experiment, and this book, A Pattern Language. At the core of these books is the idea that people should design for themselves their own houses, streets, and communities. This idea may be radical (it implies a radical transformation of the architectural profession) but it comes simply from the observation that most of the wonderful places of the world were not made by architects but by the people. At the core of the books, too, is the point that in designing their environments people always rely on certain "languages," which, like the languages we speak, allow them to articulate and communicate an infinite variety of designs within a forma system which gives them coherence. This book provides a language of this kind. It will enable a person to make a design for almost any kind of building, or any part of the built environment. "Patterns," the units of this language, are answers to design problems (How high should a window sill be? How many stories should a building have? How much space in a neighborhood should be devoted to grass and trees?). More than 250 of the patterns in this pattern language are given: each consists of a problem statement, a discussion of the problem with an illustration, and a solution. As the authors say in their introduction, many of the patterns are archetypal, so deeply rooted in the nature of things that it seemly likely that they will be a part of human nature, and human action, as much in five hundred years as they are today.

Cloud Architecture Patterns

Author : Bill Wilder
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781449319779

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Cloud Architecture Patterns by Bill Wilder Pdf

Do you need to learn about cloud computing architecture with Microsoft's Azure quickly? Read this book! It gives you just enough info on the big picture and is filled with key terminology so that you can join the discussion on cloud architecture.

Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Patterns for Concurrent and Networked Objects

Author : Douglas C. Schmidt,Michael Stal,Hans Rohnert,Frank Buschmann
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 900 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781118725177

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Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Patterns for Concurrent and Networked Objects by Douglas C. Schmidt,Michael Stal,Hans Rohnert,Frank Buschmann Pdf

Designing application and middleware software to run in concurrent and networked environments is a significant challenge to software developers. The patterns catalogued in this second volume of Pattern-Oriented Software Architectures (POSA) form the basis of a pattern language that addresses issues associated with concurrency and networking. The book presents 17 interrelated patterns ranging from idioms through architectural designs. They cover core elements of building concurrent and network systems: service access and configuration, event handling, synchronization, and concurrency. All patterns present extensive examples and known uses in multiple programming languages, including C++, C, and Java. The book can be used to tackle specific software development problems or read from cover to cover to provide a fundamental understanding of the best practices for constructing concurrent and networked applications and middleware. About the Authors This book has been written by the award winning team responsible for the first POSA volume "A System of Patterns", joined in this volume by Douglas C. Schmidt from University of California, Irvine (UCI), USA. Visit our Web Page

Designing Connected Products

Author : Claire Rowland,Elizabeth Goodman,Martin Charlier,Ann Light,Alfred Lui
Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Page : 726 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781449372712

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Designing Connected Products by Claire Rowland,Elizabeth Goodman,Martin Charlier,Ann Light,Alfred Lui Pdf

Networked thermostats, fitness monitors, and door locks show that the Internet of Things can (and will) enable new ways for people to interact with the world around them. But designing connected products for consumers brings new challenges beyond conventional software UI and interaction design. This book provides experienced UX designers and technologists with a clear and practical roadmap for approaching consumer product strategy and design in this novel market. By drawing on the best of current design practice and academic research, Designing Connected Products delivers sound advice for working with cross-device interactions and the complex ecosystems inherent in IoT technology.

Microservices Patterns

Author : Chris Richardson
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2018-10-27
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781638356325

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Microservices Patterns by Chris Richardson Pdf

"A comprehensive overview of the challenges teams face when moving to microservices, with industry-tested solutions to these problems." - Tim Moore, Lightbend 44 reusable patterns to develop and deploy reliable production-quality microservices-based applications, with worked examples in Java Key Features 44 design patterns for building and deploying microservices applications Drawing on decades of unique experience from author and microservice architecture pioneer Chris Richardson A pragmatic approach to the benefits and the drawbacks of microservices architecture Solve service decomposition, transaction management, and inter-service communication Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About The Book Microservices Patterns teaches you 44 reusable patterns to reliably develop and deploy production-quality microservices-based applications. This invaluable set of design patterns builds on decades of distributed system experience, adding new patterns for composing services into systems that scale and perform under real-world conditions. More than just a patterns catalog, this practical guide with worked examples offers industry-tested advice to help you design, implement, test, and deploy your microservices-based application. What You Will Learn How (and why!) to use microservices architecture Service decomposition strategies Transaction management and querying patterns Effective testing strategies Deployment patterns This Book Is Written For Written for enterprise developers familiar with standard enterprise application architecture. Examples are in Java. About The Author Chris Richardson is a Java Champion, a JavaOne rock star, author of Manning’s POJOs in Action, and creator of the original CloudFoundry.com. Table of Contents Escaping monolithic hell Decomposition strategies Interprocess communication in a microservice architecture Managing transactions with sagas Designing business logic in a microservice architecture Developing business logic with event sourcing Implementing queries in a microservice architecture External API patterns Testing microservices: part 1 Testing microservices: part 2 Developing production-ready services Deploying microservices Refactoring to microservices

The Real Internet Architecture

Author : Pamela Zave,Jennifer Rexford
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2024-08-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780691255804

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The Real Internet Architecture by Pamela Zave,Jennifer Rexford Pdf

"This book offers a description of the architecture of the Internet as it actually exists now. It is a revolutionary description, based on a completely new model of network architecture, explaining how the Internet has evolved from its origins and how it is still evolving, and exposing previously unarticulated patterns and trends in network architecture. Essentially all discussion of the Internet is still dominated by the "classic" (five-layer) model put forth by its originators. This model is so outdated that it is a hindrance to understanding Internet evolution, as well as to teaching and doing effective research on networking. This book replaces it with a new model of networking called "compositional network architecture." This model has been formalized, but the book does not use the formal model; rather, the book relies on the model's accuracy and precision as a foundation for a convincing informal explanation, accessible to a much broader audience than a formal model would be (the formal model will be available on a companion website, along with teaching material). Many scholars and practitioners, seeing the Internet only through the lens of the classic Internet architecture, complain that the Internet has not evolved past its original architecture. Compositional network architecture is a general model for describing many architectures, and it shows clearly how the Internet has evolved since the early 1990s, and how it continues to evolve. Though the book is based on a conceptual model and is therefore a relatively abstract treatment, it is illustrated with hundreds of contemporary Internet examples, so there is no lack of concrete detail or grounding in reality. Compared to older works on networking, the book is also more concerned with network services-how a network helps users communicate. This is a natural outgrowth of the Internet as subject matter. Performance and scalability are the usual themes of Internet literature, as they were certainly the most important challenges of the Internet's early years. Since the 1990s, however, progress on performance and scalability has been steady and incremental. The major motivation for Internet evolution since then has been the need for enhanced services, including mobility, multicast, security, privacy, reliability, and support for content distribution, and the book will engage with these themes. It will serve as a reference for anyone dealing with internet architecture, and as a graduate textbook for networking courses"--

Network Architect's Handbook

Author : Alim H. Ali
Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2024-01-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781837635290

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Network Architect's Handbook by Alim H. Ali Pdf

Follow a step-by-step roadmap to developing essential competencies in network architecture design, relationship management, systems, and services, coupled with certification guidance and expert tips Key Features Grasp the big picture of information technology infrastructure to become a successful network architect Overcome challenges in network performance and configuration management Enhance your skills for career advancement using real-life examples and tips Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Book DescriptionBecoming a network architect is challenging—it demands hands-on engineering skills, encompassing hardware installation, configuration, and fabric layout design. Equally crucial, it involves collaboration with internal teams and C-Suite stakeholders, and adeptly managing external entities like vendors and service providers. The Network Architect's Handbook comprehensively covers these vital aspects, guiding you to evolve into an effective network architect within an organization, fostering seamless communication with leadership teams and other stakeholders. Starting with a clear definition of a network architect’s role, this book lays out a roadmap and delves into the attributes and mindset for success. You’ll then explore network architect design, physical infrastructure routing and switching, and network services such as DNS, MLAG, and service insertion. As you progress, you’ll gain insights into the necessary skills and typical daily challenges faced by network architects. And to thoroughly prepare you to advance in your career, this handbook covers certifications and associated training for maintaining relevance in an organization, along with common interview questions for a network architect's position. Armed with essential concepts, techniques, and your newfound skills, you’ll be well-prepared to pursue a career as a network architect.What you will learn Examine the role of a network architect Understand the key design makers in an organization Choose the best strategies to meet stakeholder needs Be well-versed with networking concepts Prepare for a network architect position interview Distinguish the different IT architects in an organization Identify relevant certification for network architects Understand the various de facto network/fabric architect models used today Who this book is for This book is for network engineers and technicians aspiring to transition into the role of a network architect. Whether you are at the beginning of your journey or seeking guidance along the path, this book will support you with its deep coverage of key aspects such as design concepts, architectural requirements, relevant experience, certifications, and advanced education with a special emphasis on cloud best practices. A practical understanding of IT networking is necessary to get the most out of this book.

Network Infrastructure and Architecture

Author : Krzysztof Iniewski,Carl McCrosky,Daniel Minoli
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 563 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2008-04-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470253519

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Network Infrastructure and Architecture by Krzysztof Iniewski,Carl McCrosky,Daniel Minoli Pdf

A Comprehensive, Thorough Introduction to High-Speed Networking Technologies and Protocols Network Infrastructure and Architecture: Designing High-Availability Networks takes a unique approach to the subject by covering the ideas underlying networks, the architecture of the network elements, and the implementation of these elements in optical and VLSI technologies. Additionally, it focuses on areas not widely covered in existing books: physical transport and switching, the process and technique of building networking hardware, and new technologies being deployed in the marketplace, such as Metro Wave Division Multiplexing (MWDM), Resilient Packet Rings (RPR), Optical Ethernet, and more. Divided into five succinct parts, the book covers: Optical transmission Networking protocols VLSI chips Data switching Networking elements and design Complete with case studies, examples, and exercises throughout, the book is complemented with chapter goals, summaries, and lists of key points to aid readers in grasping the material presented. Network Infrastructure and Architecture offers professionals, advanced undergraduates, and graduate students a fresh view on high-speed networking from the physical layer perspective.

Connecting Networks Companion Guide

Author : Cisco Networking Academy
Publisher : Cisco Press
Page : 569 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2014-04-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780133476507

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Connecting Networks Companion Guide by Cisco Networking Academy Pdf

Connecting Networks Companion Guide is the official supplemental textbook for the Connecting Networks course in the Cisco® Networking Academy® CCNA® Routing and Switching curriculum. This course discusses the WAN technologies and network services required by converged applications in a complex network. The course allows you to understand the selection criteria of network devices and WAN technologies to meet network requirements. You will learn how to configure and troubleshoot network devices and resolve common issues with data link protocols. You will also develop the knowledge and skills needed to implement IPSec and virtual private network (VPN) operations in a complex network. The Companion Guide is designed as a portable desk reference to use anytime, anywhere to reinforce the material from the course and organize your time. The book’s features help you focus on important concepts to succeed in this course: Chapter objectives–Review core concepts by answering the focus questions listed at the beginning of each chapter. Key terms–Refer to the lists of networking vocabulary introduced and highlighted in context in each chapter. Glossary–Consult the comprehensive Glossary with 195 terms. Summary of Activities and Labs–Maximize your study time with this complete list of all associated practice exercises at the end of each chapter. Check Your Understanding–Evaluate your readiness with the end-of-chapter questions that match the style of questions you see in the online course quizzes. The answer key explains each answer. How To–Look for this icon to study the steps you need to learn to perform certain tasks. Interactive Activities–Reinforce your understanding of topics with all the different exercises from the online course identified throughout the book with this icon. Videos–Watch the videos embedded within the online course. Packet Tracer Activities–Explore and visualize networking concepts using Packet Tracer exercises interspersed throughout the chapters. Hands-on Labs–Work through all the course labs and Class Activities that are included in the course and published in the separate Lab Manual.