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Author : Tito Boeri,Axel Borsch-Supan,Agar Brugiavini
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2014-01-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 147573364X
Author : Tito Boeri,Axel Börsch-Supan,Agar Brugiavini,Richard Disney,Arie Kapteyn,Franco Peracchi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475733631
Europeans are living longer, and fewer now remain in the labour force as they grow older. Many European countries have responded to the ensuing financial pressure by reforming their public pension systems and health care programmes. There is considerable uncertainty as to the effects of these reforms - as they typically do not alter the unfunded nature of public welfare arrangements and this uncertainty is itself costly. Not only does it undermine the credibility of public welfare programmes, but it may also distort labour supply behaviour, decisions regarding savings and capital accumulation. More generally there is uncertainty about the overall impact of ageing on welfare and society and the multiple domains in which its effects may develop. Pensions: More Information, Less Ideology builds on the existing evidence - mostly in the field of public pensions - and highlights the advantages that would be obtained by: harmonising methodologies used in the various countries to report pension outlays and forecast future pension liabilities or more generally public spending; defining common standards as to the frequency of expenditure forecasts and the length of the forecast horizons for welfare expenditures; developing European longitudinal survey of persons pre- and post retirement age, providing timely information on a wide array of decisions by individuals and household related to the ageing process and the ongoing trends.
Author : Gordon L. Clark,Alicia H. Munnell,J. Michael Orszag
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 954 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2006-07-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0199272468
This handbook draws on research from a range of academic disciplines to reflect on the implications for provisions of pension and retirement income of demographic ageing. it reviews the latest research, policy related tools, analytical methods and techniques and major theoretical frameworks.
Author : Kevin Featherstone
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317983514
This rare focus on the politics of contemporary Greece explores in particular the country’s processes of public policy-making. It is more than thirty years since the restoration of democracy in Greece and in this period the country has undergone a number of major changes. Domestic political tensions have arisen from the pressures of ‘Europeanization’ as a consequence of Greece’s membership in the European Union. EU membership has helped define a ‘modernization’ project, latterly associated with Premier Costas Simitis, which clashes with traditional practices and paradigms. In addition, other challenges have arisen: of a multi-ethnic society, of the loss of faith in old ideologies and of the passage of old divisions. Greece now faces pressure to adapt to the external environment, as well as to the constraints of the will and capability of the domestic system. Politics and Policy in Greece addresses core issues, such as: * How far has the politics of ‘modernization’ penetrated Greek society? * How far have reforms to state-economy relations, welfare systems and constitutional rights reflected a liberal agenda and how far have they reflected traditional concerns? * How has ‘modernization’ affected Greece’s relations with the European Union? Containing expert overviews and detailed case studies of the dynamics of domestic politics, this accessible and informative volume is essential reading for both Greeks and non-Greeks alike.
Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1646794974
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2003-05-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264100053
This book combines a collection of essays by leading experts from several OECD countries with papers discussing the results of the OECD Ageing-Related Diseases study.
Author : Tito Boeri,Micael Castanheira,Riccardo Faini,Vincenzo Galasso
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2006-06-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191525315
Our economies face constant challenges from many different directions. Structural reforms are implemented every day, either to grasp the benefits of globalization and technological change, or to avoid foundering on unaffordable welfare systems or the rise of new economies. Despite this flurry of reforms, many of their effects are insufficiently understood. What makes reforms a success or a failure? Why do we witness systematically ambivalent attitudes to reforms? Can governments implement reforms differently, without inflicting prejudice to large fringes of the population? This book explores these issues by comparing a number of reforms, across a large set of countries and sectors. First, through an innovative multisectorial input-output analysis, the authors compare the effects of liberalisation reforms in the telecommunication and electricity sectors across Europe. Surprisingly, they find that very similar and well-intended reforms can generate highly contrasted outcomes. It is also shown that governments must consider the effects of each reform on all sectors of the economy. Second, the authors explore how governments can tailor their reform strategy to alter the redistributive effects of reforms. They show that the government's approach to reforms has been very different across time and across countries. A government's approach depends on local institutions, on the nature of the opposition, and on the scope of the reform under way. The authors, however, show that governments do have alternatives. Often, there are ways to tailor reforms so as to protect specific parts of the population; and there are ways to experiment gradually, to avoid costly policy mistakes.
Author : Tommy Bengtsson,Nico Keilman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030050757
This open access book describes methods of mortality forecasting and discusses possible improvements. It contains a selection of previously unpublished and published papers, which together provide a state-of-the-art overview of statistical approaches as well as behavioural and biological perspectives. The different parts of the book provide discussions of current practice, probabilistic forecasting, the linearity in the increase of life expectancy, causes of death, and the role of cohort factors. The key question in the book is whether it is possible to project future mortality accurately, and if so, what is the best approach. This makes the book a valuable read to demographers, pension planners, actuaries, and all those interested and/or working in modelling and forecasting mortality.
Author : Leokadia Oręziak
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2022-04-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000568530
This book examines the origins and consequences of so-called pension fund capitalism, which has spread around the world since 1981, when the pension system was completely privatized in Chile. The author highlights the driving forces behind the privatization of pensions, its forms and tools used in practice, and the risks and costs related to private pensions. The reader can also learn about the experiences of various developed countries (including the USA, Canada, Australia, and Germany), as well as Latin American (including Chile) and Eastern European countries, related to the privatization of pensions. Particular attention is paid to Poland as an example of a country where such privatization failed completely. This book provides a source of serious reflection on what this privatization has led to, what its real economic and social consequences are and what the likelihood is of reversing it and strengthening the public pension system. Academic researchers and students of economics and finance, as well as social and political sciences, will find the book invaluable in understanding the problems arising from the privatization of pensions. It will also be of interest to professionals: institutions that shape or influence economic and social policy, including political parties, trade unions, non-governmental organizations, the media, and institutions operating on the financial market.
Author : Melissa Hardy,Lawrence Hazelrigg
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2007-07-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781610442725
The rancorous debate over the future of Social Security reached a fever pitch in 2005 when President Bush unsuccessfully proposed a plan for private retirement accounts. Although efforts to reform Social Security seem to have reached an impasse, the long-term problem—the projected Social Security deficit—remains. In Pension Puzzles, sociologists Melissa Hardy and Lawrence Hazelrigg explain for a general audience the fiscal challenges facing Social Security and explore the larger political context of the Social Security debate. Pension Puzzles cuts through the sloganeering of politicians in both parties, presenting Social Security's technical problems evenhandedly and showing how the Social Security debate is one piece of a larger political struggle. Hardy and Hazelrigg strip away the ideological baggage to explicate the basic terms and concepts needed to understand the predicament of Social Security. They compare the cases for privatizing Social Security and for preserving the program in its current form with adjustments to taxes and benefits, and they examine the different economic projections assumed by proponents of each approach. In pursuit of its privatization agenda, Hardy and Hazelrigg argue, the Bush administration has misled the public on an issue that was already widely misunderstood. The authors show how privatization proponents have relied on dubious assumptions about future rates of return to stock market investments and about the average citizen's ability to make informed investment decisions. In addition, the administration has painted the real but manageable shortfalls in Social Security revenue as a fiscal crisis. Projections of Social Security revenues and benefits by the Social Security Administration have treated revenues as fixed, when in fact they are determined by choices made by Congress. Ultimately, as Hardy and Hazelrigg point out, the clash over Social Security is about more than technical fiscal issues: it is part of the larger culture wars and the ideological struggle over what kind of social responsibilities and rights American citizens should have. This rancorous partisan wrangling, the alarmist talk about a "crisis" in Social Security, and the outright deception employed in this debate have all undermined the trust between citizens and government that is needed to restore the solvency of Social Security for future generations of retirees. Drawing together economic analyses, public opinion data, and historical narratives, Pension Puzzles is a lucid and engaging guide to the major proposals for Social Security reform. It is also an insightful exploration of what that debate reveals about American political culture in the twenty-first century. A Volume in the American Sociological Association's Rose Series in Sociology
Author : Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell,Peter Mooslechner
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105118022586
This is a set of studies on the subject of economic convergence and divergence in Europe. It combines theoretical appraisals of the central questions relating to convergence and divergence in Europe, together with analyses of the policy implications for individual countries and for individual countries and for the wider Europe. organized by the Austrian National Bank, the volume deals comprehensiveley (in 8 parts and 29 chapters) with soci-economic structural challenges facing an Expanding EU. Issues covered include: competitiveness and the Lisbon goals; financial sector development; financing enlargement and catching up; tax, benefits and welfare reform; enterprise sector; the adequacy of the policy mix; and looking to the future.
Author : Jenna Bednar
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2008-12-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139474443
The Robust Federation offers a comprehensive approach to the study of federalism. Jenna Bednar demonstrates how complementary institutions maintain and adjust the distribution of authority between national and state governments. These authority boundaries matter - for defense, economic growth, and adequate political representation - and must be defended from opportunistic transgression. From Montesquieu to Madison, the legacy of early institutional analysis focuses attention on the value of competition between institutions, such as the policy moderation produced through separated powers. Bednar offers a reciprocal theory: in an effective constitutional system, institutions complement one another; each makes the others more powerful. Diverse but complementary safeguards - including the courts, political parties, and the people - cover different transgressions, punish to different extents, and fail under different circumstances. The analysis moves beyond equilibrium conceptions and explains how the rules that allocate authority are not fixed but shift gradually. Bednar's rich theoretical characterization of complementary institutions provides the first holistic account of federal robustness.
Author : Michael Freeden,Emeritus Professor of Politics Michael Freeden
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2003-06-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192802811
Ideology is one of the most controversial terms in the political vocabulary, inciting both revulsion and inspiration. This book explains why ideologies deserve respect as a major form of political thinking, without which we cannot make sense of the political world. The reader is introduced to their vitality and force, utilizing insights from a range of disciplines, and through examining the arguments of the main ideologies.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 816 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822034031419
Author : Arie Kapteyn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Labor market
ISBN : PSU:000062621786
Many western industrialized countries face strong budgetary pressures due to the aging of the baby boom generations and the general trends toward earlier ages of retirement. We use the American PSID and the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to explain differences in prevalence and dynamics of self-reported work disability and labor force status. To that end we specify a two-equation dynamic panel data model describing the dynamics of labor force status and self-reported work disability. When we apply the U.S. parameters to the equations for the thirteen European countries we consider, the result is generally that work disability is lower and employment is higher. Furthermore, measures of employment protection across the different countries suggest that increased employment protection reduces reentry into the labor force and hence is a major factor explaining employment differences in the pre-retirement years.