Perfluoroalkyl Substances

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Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Jamie C. DeWitt
Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Book PDF

Author : Jamie C. DeWitt
Publisher : Humana Press
Page : 495 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2015-04-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319155180

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Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Jamie C. DeWitt Pdf

This book serves as a timely and comprehensive overview of the latest science for perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), covering the development of methods for assessing PFASs in biological fluids and tissues as well as the current knowledge regarding their toxicity to vertebrate organisms. This book includes chapters on human and wildlife exposure/body burdens, reviews of metabolism and toxicological effects by organ system/developmental stage and aspects of PFAS toxicity that are driving PFAS research and regulatory oversight. Toxicological Effects of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances provide critical assessments of the most controversial topics surrounding toxicological evaluation of PFASs to give readers an expert perspective on the issues. Emphasis is placed on the integration of modes and mechanisms of action with functional endpoints that are relevant to human and wildlife health. This book will be a useful resource for toxicologists, environmental chemists, risk assessors and researchers with an interest in the class of compounds known as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment

David M. Kempisty,Yun Xing,LeeAnn Racz
Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment Book PDF

Author : David M. Kempisty,Yun Xing,LeeAnn Racz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780429945021

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Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment by David M. Kempisty,Yun Xing,LeeAnn Racz Pdf

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), often referred to as per- (and poly) fluorinated compounds (PFCs), have been used for years in many everyday3⁄4 and some lifesaving3⁄4 products. However, their use has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, a problem compounded by their persistence in the environment. This book discusses the various challenges of PFAS in our environment today, including their historical use as well as their chemical and toxicological properties. It also presents robust discussion of analytical challenges and special considerations in sampling. The work goes on to give practical recommendations for dealing with these compounds in today's dynamic regulatory landscape and includes several chapters on various remediation techniques. Key Features: Comprehensive overview of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) historical use and chemical/physical properties which help us understand their persistence, transport, and transformation pathways in the environment In-depth analysis of PFAS toxicology Detailed descriptions of conventional and state-of-the-art remediation technologies Practical recommendations for dealing with PFAS in a dynamic regulatory landscape Robust discussion of important sampling and analytical considerations Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment: Theory, Practice, and Innovation explores the challenges across the topical areas of regulation and management, toxicology, environmental remediation, and analytical sampling and analysis.Readers will find this text helpful in understanding complexities associated with PFAS and informing management strategies to effectively protect this and future generations.

Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment

David M. Kempisty,Yun Xing,LeeAnn Racz
Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment Book PDF

Author : David M. Kempisty,Yun Xing,LeeAnn Racz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780429945038

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Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment by David M. Kempisty,Yun Xing,LeeAnn Racz Pdf

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), often referred to as per- (and poly) fluorinated compounds (PFCs), have been used for years in many everyday3⁄4 and some lifesaving3⁄4 products. However, their use has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, a problem compounded by their persistence in the environment. This book discusses the various challenges of PFAS in our environment today, including their historical use as well as their chemical and toxicological properties. It also presents robust discussion of analytical challenges and special considerations in sampling. The work goes on to give practical recommendations for dealing with these compounds in today's dynamic regulatory landscape and includes several chapters on various remediation techniques. Key Features: Comprehensive overview of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) historical use and chemical/physical properties which help us understand their persistence, transport, and transformation pathways in the environment In-depth analysis of PFAS toxicology Detailed descriptions of conventional and state-of-the-art remediation technologies Practical recommendations for dealing with PFAS in a dynamic regulatory landscape Robust discussion of important sampling and analytical considerations Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment: Theory, Practice, and Innovation explores the challenges across the topical areas of regulation and management, toxicology, environmental remediation, and analytical sampling and analysis.Readers will find this text helpful in understanding complexities associated with PFAS and informing management strategies to effectively protect this and future generations.

Perfluoroalkyl Substances

Bruno Améduri
Perfluoroalkyl Substances Book PDF

Author : Bruno Améduri
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 651 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2022-08-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781839167607

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Perfluoroalkyl Substances by Bruno Améduri Pdf

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of human-made chemicals that are used in a wide range of consumer and industrial products. They are under intense scrutiny due to environmental concerns and there is a call to ban new PFASs entering the market. That said, this book is not intended to wave the banner against PFASs per se; rather it provides a balanced overview of the field, from basic synthesis through to applications, why some current PFASs are and may remain the right substance for the job, as well as addressing the challenges and alternatives. Covering organofluorine chemistry to fluoropolymers and their applications in various sectors from biomedical to agrochemical, energy and electrical industries, this book is a solid introduction to the topic and demonstrates why fluorinated products are still useful in many domains. With risk assessment and alternatives to PFASs included, it provides a considered account of both the positive applications of PFASs and the pressing environmental concerns. Suitable for academics and industrial practitioners working in the fields of organic and macromolecular chemistries, it will also appeal to end-users who want to learn about the technology, applications and elimination or recycling of such fluorinated products.

PFASs in the Nordic environment

Anna Kärrman,Thanh Wang,Roland Kallenborn,Anne Marie Langseter,Siri Merete Grønhovd,Erik Magnus Ræder,Jan Ludvig Lyche,Leo Yeung,Fangfang Chen,Ulrika Eriksson,Rudolf Aro,Felicia Fredriksson
PFASs in the Nordic environment Book PDF

Author : Anna Kärrman,Thanh Wang,Roland Kallenborn,Anne Marie Langseter,Siri Merete Grønhovd,Erik Magnus Ræder,Jan Ludvig Lyche,Leo Yeung,Fangfang Chen,Ulrika Eriksson,Rudolf Aro,Felicia Fredriksson
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789289360623

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PFASs in the Nordic environment by Anna Kärrman,Thanh Wang,Roland Kallenborn,Anne Marie Langseter,Siri Merete Grønhovd,Erik Magnus Ræder,Jan Ludvig Lyche,Leo Yeung,Fangfang Chen,Ulrika Eriksson,Rudolf Aro,Felicia Fredriksson Pdf

This report describes a screening study of in all ninety-nine conventional and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Nordic environment. In addition, extractable organic fluorine (EOF) was analysed. The latter can provide the amount, but not identity, of organofluorine in the samples, which in turn can be used to assess the mass balance between known and unknown PFASs. The study was initiated by the Nordic Screening Group and funded by these and the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Chemicals Group.A total of 102 samples were analyzed in this study, including bird eggs, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, surface water, WWTP effluents and sludge, and air. Samples were collected by institutes from the participating countries and self-governing areas; Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.

Per and polyfluorinated substances in the Nordic Countries

Stefan Posner,Nordic Council of Ministers
Per and polyfluorinated substances in the Nordic Countries Book PDF

Author : Stefan Posner,Nordic Council of Ministers
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289325622

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Per and polyfluorinated substances in the Nordic Countries by Stefan Posner,Nordic Council of Ministers Pdf

This Tema Nord report presents a study based on open information and custom market research to review the most common perfluorinated substances (PFC) with less focus on PFOS and PFOA. The study includes three major parts:1) Identification of relevant per-and polyfluorinated substances and their use in various industrial sectors in the Nordic market by interviews with major players and database information; 2) Emissions to and occurence in the Nordic environment of the substances described in 1); 3) A summary of knowledge of the toxic effects on humans and the environment of substances prioritized in 2); There is a lack of physical chemical data, analystical reference substances, human and environmental occurrence and toxicology data, as well as market information regarding PFCs other than PFOA and PFOS and the current legislation cannot enforce disclosure of specific PFC substance information.

Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products

Thomas P. Knepper,Frank T. Lange
Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products Book PDF

Author : Thomas P. Knepper,Frank T. Lange
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642218712

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Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products by Thomas P. Knepper,Frank T. Lange Pdf

Due to their unparalleled effectiveness and efficiency, polyfluorinated chemicals (PFC) have become essential in numerous technical applications. However, many PFCs brought to market show limited biodegradability, and their environmental persistence combined with toxic and bioaccumulative potential have become a matter of concern in some instances. This volume highlights the synthesis of PFCs, focusing on substances with improved application and environmental properties, which are a challenge for synthetic chemists. Further, modern mass spectrometric techniques for the detection and identification of biotransformation products of PFCs are described. The sorption and leaching behavior of PFC in soil is also addressed in order to predict their fate in the environment. Several contributions discuss the monitoring of PFCs in European surface, ground and drinking waters, treatment options for PFC removal from drinking water, occurrence in food, and the human biomonitoring of PFCs.

Mammalian Toxicology

Mohamed Abou-Donia
Mammalian Toxicology Book PDF

Author : Mohamed Abou-Donia
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 716 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2015-05-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781119940418

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Mammalian Toxicology by Mohamed Abou-Donia Pdf

Mammalian Toxicology surveys chemical agents and examines how such chemicals impact on human health, emphasizing the importance in minimizing environmental exposure to chemical and physical hazards in our homes, communities and workplaces through such media as contaminated water, soil and air. Starting with the basic principles on a wide range of toxic agents, this textbook describes how they enter the body, their mechanisms of action once inside, and strategies for diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Topics covered include: General principles of toxicology: pharmacological and toxicological principles underpinning the study of toxicology, risk assessments and mechanisms of cell death Disposition: routes of chemical exposures, entry into the body and various tissues, storage, metabolic biotransformation and elimination, with examples from various toxicants. Toxic agents: the occurrences, disposition in the body, health effects, toxic mechanisms, antidotes and treatments of a range of agents including pesticides, metals, solvents, gases, nanomaterials, food components and additives, pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse, natural toxins, endocrine disruptors, radiation, and warfare weapons. Toxic effects: including neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, teratogenecity, male and female reproductive toxicity, mutagenecity, carcinogenicity, pulmonary toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity and cardiovascular toxicity Toxicology and society: epidemiological studies of chemical-induced diseases in human populations, and a vision for toxicology in the 21st century. Mammalian Toxicology is an essential primer for students of toxicology, biochemistry, biology, medicine and chemistry. It is also appropriate for professional toxicologists in research or regulatory affairs, and anyone who needs to understand the adverse effects of toxic agents on the human body.

Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs)

Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
Perfluorinated Chemicals PFCs Book PDF

Author : Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119363835

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Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs) by Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff Pdf

This new volume provides a timely study on the environmental challenges from a specific class of perfluorinated chemical compounds (PFCs) that are now being recognized as a worldwide health threat. Recent studies report that levels of classes of PFCs known as polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl (PFASs) exceed federally recommended safety levels in public drinking-water supplies for 6 million people in the United States and that as many as 100 million people could be at risk from exposure to these chemicals. These chemicals occur globally in wildlife and humans. Both PFCAs and PFSAs have been produced for more than 50 years, but have only become of interest to regulators and environmentalists since the late 1990s. Recent advances in analytical methodology has enabled widespread detection in the environment and humans at trace levels. These toxic chemicals have been found in outdoor and indoor air, surface and drinking water, house dust, animal tissue, human blood serum, and human breast milk. Of great concern to communities is the presence of these compounds in a number of drinking water supplies in the U.S. and other countries. This new volume provides a timely explanation of the chemicals, provides a detailed review of the regulations both in the US and European Community, explains the health risk literature, and then explores in great detail available treatment technologies. The volume is a must for public water supply facilities, industrial operations that have historically used these chemicals and face legacy pollution issues, policy makers and the general public.

Forever Chemicals

David M. Kempisty,LeeAnn Racz
Forever Chemicals Book PDF

Author : David M. Kempisty,LeeAnn Racz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000405453

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Forever Chemicals by David M. Kempisty,LeeAnn Racz Pdf

Forever Chemicals: Environmental, Economic, and Social Equity Concerns with PFAS in the Environment provides the reader with an understanding of the complex and interwoven issues associated with per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) in our environment. The chapters provide in-depth perspective into various issues, including health, regulation, detection, clean-up strategies and technologies, and more. Taken together or as the reader’s interests lead them, the variety of topics covered in the book present a balanced perspective on this complex topic. It will address the current state of PFAS and where indicators are pointing for future developments. The book is also a deeper investigation of the regulatory challenges, analytical hurdles, and toxicological progress to date for the suite of PFAS chemicals. Features Explains the trends that will affect future policy and regulatory decisions Looks holistically at 4000+ PFAS chemicals Includes PFAS risk assessments at contaminated sites and biomonitoring insights Provides in-depth discussions on remediation technologies Illustrates quality and diversified content Provides a balanced perspective on this complex topic

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 208

Pim De Voogt
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 208 Book PDF

Author : Pim De Voogt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2010-09-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781441968807

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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 208 by Pim De Voogt Pdf

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.

Environmental Contaminants and Neurological Disorders

Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash,Kanwal Rehman
Environmental Contaminants and Neurological Disorders Book PDF

Author : Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash,Kanwal Rehman
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2021-05-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030663766

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Environmental Contaminants and Neurological Disorders by Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash,Kanwal Rehman Pdf

This volume discusses how environmental pollutants are involved in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, and covers specific mechanisms and risk factors, as well as the necessary strategies to reduce the adverse impacts of environmental pollutants on the human nervous system. With a collection of contributions from experts in environmental pollution, neurology and pharmaceutical chemistry, the book provides both an introduction to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, including the types and different classes of neurological disorders, and studies demonstrating the clear link between environmental contaminants (e.g. pesticides, smoking, mycotoxins, persistent organic pollutants (POP's), polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, nanomaterials) and the development of neurological disorders in vulnerable populations. The book fills in a gap in research on the topic by also covering state-of-the-art treatment strategies and mitigation measures for each type of pollutant. The book will be of interest to environmental scientists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, and food and drug regulatory organizations.

A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Design and Evaluation of Safer Chemical Substitutions: A Framework to Inform Government and Industry Decisions
A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Design and Evaluation of Safer Chemical Substitutions: A Framework to Inform Government and Industry Decisions
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309310161

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A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Design and Evaluation of Safer Chemical Substitutions: A Framework to Inform Government and Industry Decisions Pdf

Historically, regulations governing chemical use have often focused on widely used chemicals and acute human health effects of exposure to them, as well as their potential to cause cancer and other adverse health effects. As scientific knowledge has expanded there has been an increased awareness of the mechanisms through which chemicals may exert harmful effects on human health, as well as their effects on other species and ecosystems. Identification of high-priority chemicals and other chemicals of concern has prompted a growing number of state and local governments, as well as major companies, to take steps beyond existing hazardous chemical federal legislation. Interest in approaches and policies that ensure that any new substances substituted for chemicals of concern are assessed as carefully and thoroughly as possible has also burgeoned. The overarching goal of these approaches is to avoid regrettable substitutions, which occur when a toxic chemical is replaced by another chemical that later proved unsuitable because of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, or other concerns. Chemical alternative assessments are tools designed to facilitate consideration of these factors to assist stakeholders in identifying chemicals that may have the greatest likelihood of harm to human and ecological health, and to provide guidance on how the industry may develop and adopt safer alternatives. A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives develops and demonstrates a decision framework for evaluating potentially safer substitute chemicals as primarily determined by human health and ecological risks. This new framework is informed by previous efforts by regulatory agencies, academic institutions, and others to develop alternative assessment frameworks that could be operationalized. In addition to hazard assessments, the framework incorporates steps for life-cycle thinking - which considers possible impacts of a chemical at all stages including production, use, and disposal - as well as steps for performance and economic assessments. The report also highlights how modern information sources such as computational modeling can supplement traditional toxicology data in the assessment process. This new framework allows the evaluation of the full range of benefits and shortcomings of substitutes, and examination of tradeoffs between these risks and factors such as product functionality, product efficacy, process safety, and resource use. Through case studies, this report demonstrates how different users in contrasting decision contexts with diverse priorities can apply the framework. This report will be an essential resource to the chemical industry, environmentalists, ecologists, and state and local governments.

The cost of inaction

Gretta Goldenman,Meena Fernandes,Michael Holland,Tugce Tugran,Amanda Nordin,Cindy Schoumacher,Alicia McNeill
The cost of inaction Book PDF

Author : Gretta Goldenman,Meena Fernandes,Michael Holland,Tugce Tugran,Amanda Nordin,Cindy Schoumacher,Alicia McNeill
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289360654

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The cost of inaction by Gretta Goldenman,Meena Fernandes,Michael Holland,Tugce Tugran,Amanda Nordin,Cindy Schoumacher,Alicia McNeill Pdf

PFAS (per and polyfluoroalkylsubstances) are known to be extremely difficult to degrade in the environment and to be bioaccumulative and toxic. Exposure to PFAS is suspected to increase the risk of adverse health effects, such as impacts on the thyroid gland, the liver, fat metabolism and the immune system. This study estimates the socioeconomic costs that may result from impacts on human health and the environment from the use of PFAS. Better awareness of the costs and problems associated with PFAS exposure will assist decision-makers and the general public to make more efficient and timely risk management decisions. Findings indicate that the costs are substantial, with annual health-related costs estimated to 2.8 – 4.6 billion EUR for the Nordic countries and 52 – 84 billion EUR for all EEA countries. Overall non-health costs are estimated at 46 million – 11 billion EUR for the Nordic countries.Upon request the excel spreadsheets used for the monetarisation and valuation in this report can also be provided along with a guidance on how to use the estimation of costs for value transfer. Please contact any of the consultants or members of the steering group from the Swedish Chemicals Agency or the Danish Environmental Protection Agency if you are interested in receiving these excel spreadsheets.

Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Sridhar Pilli,Puspendu Bhunia,Vinay Kumar Tyagi,R.D. Tyagi,Jonathan Wong,Ashok Pandey
Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering Book PDF

Author : Sridhar Pilli,Puspendu Bhunia,Vinay Kumar Tyagi,R.D. Tyagi,Jonathan Wong,Ashok Pandey
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2022-08-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780323999571

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Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering by Sridhar Pilli,Puspendu Bhunia,Vinay Kumar Tyagi,R.D. Tyagi,Jonathan Wong,Ashok Pandey Pdf

Sustainable Treatment Technologies for Pre- and Poly-flourakyl Substances provides comprehensive details about per- and poly-fluroalkyls substances (PFASs), which are highly toxic and bio-accumulative substances that do not biodegrade easily or cannot be neutralized under normal environmental conditions. It discusses their occurrence in water, wastewater, and aquatic environment, their bioaccumulation in plants, environmental impacts and various remedial technologies for their treatment and management. All the chapters provide state-of-art information about PFASs, describing their identification methods, characterization and present critical analysis of the treatment methods such as physical, chemical, biological, hybrid and advanced systems. This book is a ready reference for the environmental engineers, municipal engineers, environmental practitioners, policy makers, and planners; it is also a practical guide for industrial engineers, government bodies and ecologists as well as for researchers. Describes occurrence of PFASs in aquatic environment and on plant Provides details on identification methods and characterization of PFAS Describes physical, chemical, biological, hybrid and advanced system treatments for PFASs Covers regulatory aspects on PFASs First dedicated book on PFASs