Phasing Out Lead From Gasoline In Central And Eastern Europe

Author : Magda Lovei
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1997-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 082133915X

Get Book

Phasing Out Lead from Gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe by Magda Lovei Pdf

Annotation Implementing the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe As a result of increasing awareness of the dangers of lead to human health and measures to tackle urban air pollution, the use of lead additives in gasoline has been declining rapidly worldwide since the 1970s. A number of countries have completely eliminated the use of lead additives in gasoline, but in Central and Eastern Europe, lead still ranks as one of the most serious and widespread environmental hazards--yet one that is relatively inexpensive to remedy. At a major international conference on the environment held in Switzerland in 1993, fifty countries endorsed the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe, which addressed environmental priority issues such as lead exposure. Phasing out Lead from Gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe summarizes the findings of case studies on lead phase-out as a first-step study designed to assist in the implementation of the Environmental Action Programme. It examines major sources and levels of lead exposure in the region, looks at the costs of phasing out leaded gasoline, describes progress in reducing lead exposure over the past 5-8 years, identifies human health improvements, and draws on lessons of experience from countries in the region. One of the case studies, for example, describes in detail the complete phase-out of leaded gasoline in the Slovak Republic. Although it recognizes the importance of dealing with all significant sources of lead exposure, the study focuses on lead exposure from the exhaust of vehicles using leaded gasoline.

Author : Magda Lovei
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Medical
ISBN : 082133915X

Get Book

Phasing Out Lead from Gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe by Magda Lovei Pdf

Annotation Implementing the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe As a result of increasing awareness of the dangers of lead to human health and measures to tackle urban air pollution, the use of lead additives in gasoline has been declining rapidly worldwide since the 1970s. A number of countries have completely eliminated the use of lead additives in gasoline, but in Central and Eastern Europe, lead still ranks as one of the most serious and widespread environmental hazards--yet one that is relatively inexpensive to remedy. At a major international conference on the environment held in Switzerland in 1993, fifty countries endorsed the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe, which addressed environmental priority issues such as lead exposure. Phasing out Lead from Gasoline in Central and Eastern Europe summarizes the findings of case studies on lead phase-out as a first-step study designed to assist in the implementation of the Environmental Action Programme. It examines major sources and levels of lead exposure in the region, looks at the costs of phasing out leaded gasoline, describes progress in reducing lead exposure over the past 5-8 years, identifies human health improvements, and draws on lessons of experience from countries in the region. One of the case studies, for example, describes in detail the complete phase-out of leaded gasoline in the Slovak Republic. Although it recognizes the importance of dealing with all significant sources of lead exposure, the study focuses on lead exposure from the exhaust of vehicles using leaded gasoline.

Author : Magda Lovei
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 082134157X

Get Book

Phasing Out Lead from Gasoline by Magda Lovei Pdf

World Bank Technical Paper No. 397.Human exposure to lead represents a serious environmental health problem in many urban areas. This report underlines the World Banks catalytic role in building government commitment, adopting appropriate policies, and facilitating the implementation of lead phaseout. Based on a review of health and technical issues, it points out that the phaseout of lead from gasoline is a desirable policy measure which can yield significant social benefits.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1999-10-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264173934

Get Book

Environment in the Transition to a Market Economy Progress in Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States by OECD Pdf

This book provides a coherent analysis of the environmental challenges and achievements in institutional strengthening and policy reform, environmental policy instruments, environmental financing, and environmental management in enterprises in transition countries.

Author : Masami Kojima
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Science
ISBN : 0821347837

Get Book

Cleaner Transport Fuels for Cleaner Air in Central Asia and the Caucasus by Masami Kojima Pdf

Urban air pollution is a matter of concern in many of the newly independent sates of Central Asia and the Caucasus. The poor quality of the fuel used by the largely poorly maintained vehicle stock just worsens emissions problems. It is estimated that nearly 40,000 people die prematurely and about 100,000 people fall ill every year in the big cities of the region as a result of exposure to excessive air pollution. The projections for the next 10 to 15 years are for higher vehicle numbers and increased vehicle use leading to a steady rise of damaging pollutants if current policies regarding fuel specifications and vehicle standards are not addressed quickly. This report gives the World Bank's assessment of the problem faced by the countries in the region. It puts forward a framework for short- and medium-term measures for improving fuel quality and vehicle emission s performance.

Author : Thomas Sterner,Jessica Coria
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 657 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317703877

Get Book

Policy Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management by Thomas Sterner,Jessica Coria Pdf

Thomas Sterner's book is an attempt to encourage more widespread and careful use of economic policy instruments. The book compares the accumulated experiences of the use of economic policy instruments in the U.S. and Europe, as well as in rich and poor countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Ambitious in scope, it discusses the design of instruments that can be employed in any country in a wide range of contexts, including transportation, industrial pollution, water pricing, waste, fisheries, forests, and agriculture. While deeply rooted in economics, Policy Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management is informed by political, legal, ecological, and psychological research. The new edition enhances what has already been widely hailed as a highly innovative work. The book includes greatly expanded coverage of climate change, covering aspects related to policy design, international equity and discounting, voluntary carbon markets, permit trading in United States, and the Clean Development Mechanism. Focusing ever more on leading ideas in both theory and policy, the new edition brings experimental economics into the main of its discussions. It features expanded coverage of the monitoring and enforcement of environmental policy, technological change, the choice of policy instruments under imperfect competition, and subjects such as corporate social responsibility, bio-fuels, payments for ecosystem services, and REDD.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Energy consumption
ISBN : UOM:35128002131439

Get Book

International Energy Outlook by Anonim Pdf

Author : Mary Hutzler,Linda E. Doman,Arthur T. Andersen
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780788175749

Get Book

International Energy Outlook 98 by Mary Hutzler,Linda E. Doman,Arthur T. Andersen Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Factory and trade waste
ISBN : 082133638X

Get Book

Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, 1998 by Anonim Pdf

"Originally developed to help staff, clients, and consultants prepare and implement operations supported by the Bank Group, this Handbook updates and replaces the Environmental Guidelines issued in 1988 and reflects changes both in technology and in pollution management policies and practices. It focuses attention on the environmental and economic benefits of preventing pollution and emphasizes cleaner production and good management techniques."--BOOK JACKET.

Author : Csaba Csáki,Zvi Lerman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0821347330

Get Book

Structural Change in the Farming Sectors in Central and Eastern Europe by Csaba Csáki,Zvi Lerman Pdf

Farm structures in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) today cover a whole spectrum of forms, which include small subsistence-oriented household plots, medium-sized commercial family farms, and large corporations. The agricultural sector in CEE definitely has not embraced the family farm as the dominant farming structure, thus confounding the original expectations of Western experts. On the other hand, agriculture did not collapse because of fragmentation and privatization, as predicted by conservative doomsayers. To address the concerns of the farming sector in CEE with relation to EU accession, a workshop was held in Warsaw, Poland in June 1999. This volume represents a selection of papers presented at this workshop. It examines the reforms and policy changes necessary in the food and agriculture sectors of the ten countries that have started the accession process for eventual membership in the European Union (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia). The papers are organized around the following three topics: • Evolving farm structures and competitiveness in agriculture; • Land laws and legal institutions for development of land markets and farm restructuring; and • Development of farm services for improved competitiveness. This volume will be of interest to agricultural policy makers and government officials in the candidate countries, EU officials, World Bank and FAO staff, development scholars, and all others interested in the process of agricultural reform in CEE.

Author : Lazaros S. Iliadis,Ilias Maglogiannis,Harris Papadopoulos
Publisher : Springer
Page : 517 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2011-09-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642239601

Get Book

Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations by Lazaros S. Iliadis,Ilias Maglogiannis,Harris Papadopoulos Pdf

The two-volume set IFIP AICT 363 and 364 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Engineering Applications of Neural Networks, EANN 2011, and the 7th IFIP WG 12.5 International Conference, AIAI 2011, held jointly in Corfu, Greece, in September 2011. The 52 revised full papers and 28 revised short papers presented together with 31 workshop papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 150 submissions. The second volume includes the papers that were accepted for presentation at the AIAI 2011 conference. They are organized in topical sections on computer vision and robotics, classification/pattern recognition, financial and management applications of AI, fuzzy systems, learning and novel algorithms, recurrent and radial basis function ANN, machine learning, generic algorithms, data mining, reinforcement learning, Web applications of ANN, medical applications of ANN and ethics of AI, and environmental and earth applications of AI. The volume also contains the accepted papers from the First Workshop on Computational Intelligence in Software Engineering (CISE 2011) and the Workshop on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Biomedicine (AIAB 2011).

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1997-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821339745

Get Book

Advancing Sustainable Development by Anonim Pdf

This book is the first systematic analysis of Russia's poverty and living standards since the country's independence. Its primary goal is to quantify the nature and extent of changes in the welfare of Russians during the course of transition and beyond. Part 1 establishes the economic and methodological framework within which poverty in the Russian Federation is studied. Part 2 comprises a series of chapters that analyze poverty profiles and trends, ranging across monetary and non-monetary indicators. Part 3 addresses selected critical aspects of the system of social support in the impact of public transfers, the extent of private interhousehold transfers, and public opinion about social problems.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Electronic
ISBN : NYPL:33433089480952

Get Book

Publications Update by World Bank Pdf

Author : Helge Jörgens,Andrea Lenschow,Duncan Liefferink
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107037823

Get Book

Understanding Environmental Policy Convergence by Helge Jörgens,Andrea Lenschow,Duncan Liefferink Pdf

Over recent decades national environmental policies have converged. This book analyses the international and domestic driving forces behind this process.

Author : B. Markert,K. Friese
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 596 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2000-08-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080543138

Get Book

Trace Elements by B. Markert,K. Friese Pdf

This volume discusses major areas of primary concern for the understanding of the complexity associated with ecological trace element research. These include sources and fates of trace elements; analytical techniques; and the distribution of trace elements in biota and soil and sediment reservoirs. Case studies, field work and laboratory studies intensively discussed in this volume are useful to enhance our knowledge about processes related to the biological response of trace metal stress under realistic environmental conditions.