Philosophical And Foundational Issues In Measurement Theory

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Philosophical and Foundational Issues in Measurement Theory

C. Wade Savage,Philip Ehrlich
Philosophical and Foundational Issues in Measurement Theory Book PDF

Author : C. Wade Savage,Philip Ehrlich
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134758739

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Philosophical and Foundational Issues in Measurement Theory by C. Wade Savage,Philip Ehrlich Pdf

Measurement theory has only recently become recognized as a legitimate, specialized field of inquiry. This text covers a wide range of issues of central concern to contemporary measurement theorists, and a broad range of philosophical perspectives are represented. The formalist, representationalist approach defines measurement as the assignment of numbers to entities and events to represent their properties and relations. It also states that measurement theory is supposed to analyze the concept of a scale of measurement, describe various types of scales and their uses, and formulate the conditions required for the existence of scales of various types. Since this approach dominates contemporary measurement theory, the volume begins with essays by some of its leading architects. In order to allow for diverse points of view, the book also includes articles that attempt to broaden this approach, and several that even criticize the approach.

Measurement

Karel Berka
Measurement Book PDF

Author : Karel Berka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400978287

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Measurement by Karel Berka Pdf

For many years, Karel Berka has worked at some of the central problems of the theory of the sciences. At once a logician, a mathematician, a careful student of the physical sciences and the social sciences, and a sharp but sympathetic critic of the major philosophies of science in this century, Berka brings to this treatise on measurement both his technical mastery and his historical sensitivity. We appreciate his careful analysis of his predecessors, notably Helmholtz, Campbell, Holder, Bridgman, Camap, Hempel, and Stevens, and of his contemporaries such as Brian Ellis and also Patrick Suppes and J. L. Zinnes. The issues to be clarified are familiar but still troubling: how to justify the conceptual transition from classification to a metric; how to explore ways to provide a quantitative understanding of a qualitative concept; indeed how to understand, and thereby control, the Galilean enthusiasm "to measure what is measurable and to try to render measurable what is not so as yet".

Dynamic Assessment, Intelligence and Measurement

Raegan Murphy
Dynamic Assessment Intelligence and Measurement Book PDF

Author : Raegan Murphy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2011-01-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780470977491

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Dynamic Assessment, Intelligence and Measurement by Raegan Murphy Pdf

Dynamic Assessment, Intelligence and Measurement paves the way for the development of dynamic assessment by applying this unique approach to the assessment of human potential. Explores the relationship that dynamic assessment shares with intelligence and measurement Outlines a new approach to the assessment of human intelligence while remaining rooted within the scientific realm of psychology Fuses philosophy, science methodology, and meta-theory to offer an innovative framework for the assessment of models and theories, dynamic assessment, intelligence, measurement theory, and statistical significance testing Provides the theoretical underpinnings that can lead to a new way forward for the 'movement' of dynamic assessment

Philosophy of Anthropology and Sociology

Anonim
Philosophy of Anthropology and Sociology Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 900 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780080466644

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Philosophy of Anthropology and Sociology by Anonim Pdf

This volume concerns philosophical issues that arise from the practice of anthropology and sociology. The essays cover a wide range of issues, including traditional questions in the philosophy of social science as well as those specific to these disciplines. Authors attend to the historical development of the current debates and set the stage for future work. · Comprehensive survey of philosophical issues in anthropology and sociology · Historical discussion of important debates · Applications to current research in anthropology and sociology

Modelling and Simulation in the Social Sciences from the Philosophy of Science Point of View

R. Hegselmann,Ulrich Mueller,Klaus G. Troitzsch
Modelling and Simulation in the Social Sciences from the Philosophy of Science Point of View Book PDF

Author : R. Hegselmann,Ulrich Mueller,Klaus G. Troitzsch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789401586863

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Modelling and Simulation in the Social Sciences from the Philosophy of Science Point of View by R. Hegselmann,Ulrich Mueller,Klaus G. Troitzsch Pdf

Model building in the social sciences can increasingly rely on well elaborated formal theories. At the same time inexpensive large computational capacities are now available. Both make computer-based model building and simulation possible in social science, whose central aim is in particular an understanding of social dynamics. Such social dynamics refer to public opinion formation, partner choice, strategy decisions in social dilemma situations and much more. In the context of such modelling approaches, novel problems in philosophy of science arise which must be analysed - the main aim of this book. Interest in social simulation has recently been growing rapidly world- wide, mainly as a result of the increasing availability of powerful personal computers. The field has also been greatly influenced by developments in cellular automata theory (from mathematics) and in distributed artificial intelligence which provided tools readily applicable to social simulation. This book presents a number of modelling and simulation approaches and their relations to problems in philosophy of science. It addresses sociologists and other social scientists interested in formal modelling, mathematical sociology, and computer simulation as well as computer scientists interested in social science applications, and philosophers of social science.

Philosophy of Economics

Anonim
Philosophy of Economics Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 929 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-04-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780080930770

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Philosophy of Economics by Anonim Pdf

Part of the Handbook of the Philosophy of Science Series edited by: Dov M. Gabbay King's College, London, UK;Paul Thagard University of Waterloo, Canada; and John Woods University of British Columbia, Canada. Philosophy of Economics investigates the foundational concepts and methods of economics, the social science that analyzes the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. This groundbreaking collection, the most thorough treatment of the philosophy of economics ever published, brings together philosophers, scientists and historians to map out the central topics in the field. The articles are divided into two groups. Chapters in the first group deal with various philosophical issues characteristic of economics in general, including realism and Lakatos, explanation and testing, modeling and mathematics, political ideology and feminist epistemology. Chapters in the second group discuss particular methods, theories and branches of economics, including forecasting and measurement, econometrics and experimentation, rational choice and agency issues, game theory and social choice, behavioral economics and public choice, geographical economics and evolutionary economics, and finally the economics of scientific knowledge. This volume serves as a detailed introduction for those new to the field as well as a rich source of new insights and potential research agendas for those already engaged with the philosophy of economics. Provides a bridge between philosophy and current scientific findings Encourages multi-disciplinary dialogue Covers theory and applications

The Metaphysics of Quantities

J. E. Wolff
The Metaphysics of Quantities Book PDF

Author : J. E. Wolff
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2020-05-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192573940

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The Metaphysics of Quantities by J. E. Wolff Pdf

What are physical quantities, and in particular, what makes them quantitative? This book articulates and defends an original answer to this important, insufficiently understood question through the novel position of substantival structuralism. This position argues that quantitativeness is an irreducible feature of attributes, and quantitative attributes are best understood as substantival structured spaces. The book first explores what it means for an attribute to be quantitative, and what metaphysical implications a commitment to quantitative attributes has. It then sets the stage to address the metaphysical and ontological consequences of the existence of quantitative attributes.

Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences

Anonim
Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1473 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2009-11-27
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780080930749

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Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences by Anonim Pdf

The Handbook Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences addresses numerous issues in the emerging field of the philosophy of those sciences that are involved in the technological process of designing, developing and making of new technical artifacts and systems. These issues include the nature of design, of technological knowledge, and of technical artifacts, as well as the toolbox of engineers. Most of these have thus far not been analyzed in general philosophy of science, which has traditionally but inadequately regarded technology as mere applied science and focused on physics, biology, mathematics and the social sciences. First comprehensive philosophical handbook on technology and the engineering sciences Unparalleled in scope including explorative articles In depth discussion of technical artifacts and their ontology Provides extensive analysis of the nature of engineering design Focuses in detail on the role of models in technology

An Aristotelian Realist Philosophy of Mathematics

J. Franklin
An Aristotelian Realist Philosophy of Mathematics Book PDF

Author : J. Franklin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2014-04-09
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781137400734

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An Aristotelian Realist Philosophy of Mathematics by J. Franklin Pdf

Mathematics is as much a science of the real world as biology is. It is the science of the world's quantitative aspects (such as ratio) and structural or patterned aspects (such as symmetry). The book develops a complete philosophy of mathematics that contrasts with the usual Platonist and nominalist options.

Philosophy of Mathematics

James Robert Brown
Philosophy of Mathematics Book PDF

Author : James Robert Brown
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2005-08-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134806430

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Philosophy of Mathematics by James Robert Brown Pdf

Philosophy of Mathematics is an excellent introductory text. This student friendly book discusses the great philosophers and the importance of mathematics to their thought. It includes the following topics: * the mathematical image * platonism * picture-proofs * applied mathematics * Hilbert and Godel * knots and nations * definitions * picture-proofs and Wittgenstein * computation, proof and conjecture. The book is ideal for courses on philosophy of mathematics and logic.

Foundations of Measurement: Geometrical, threshold, and probabilistic representations

Patrick Suppes,David H. Krantz
Foundations of Measurement Geometrical threshold and probabilistic representations Book PDF

Author : Patrick Suppes,David H. Krantz
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780486453156

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Foundations of Measurement: Geometrical, threshold, and probabilistic representations by Patrick Suppes,David H. Krantz Pdf

All of the sciences―physical, biological, and social―have a need for quantitative measurement. This influential series, Foundations of Measurement, established the formal foundations for measurement, justifying the assignment of numbers to objects in terms of their structural correspondence. Volume I introduces the distinct mathematical results that serve to formulate numerical representations of qualitative structures. Volume II extends the subject in the direction of geometrical, threshold, and probabilistic representations, and Volume III examines representation as expressed in axiomatization and invariance.

A Theory of Literary Explication

Kenneth B. Newell
A Theory of Literary Explication Book PDF

Author : Kenneth B. Newell
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2011-07-12
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781443832304

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A Theory of Literary Explication by Kenneth B. Newell Pdf

This book presents current multidisciplinary research and theory from 17 different fields (most of them never before applied to literary explication) in order to provide (1) justification for the practice of a relative-probability type of explication as distinguished from interpretation, (2) a relativistic foundation for the preference of some explication(s) of a literary work over others, and thereby (3) a middle way between the postmodern pluralist view that a work has only an unlimited number of equally acceptable though different explications and the modern intentionalist view that it has only one acceptable explication (the author’s). Nine of the 17 fields are of primary relevance: critical theory, hermeneutics, probability theory, philosophy of science, second-order logic, and four fields of cognitive science (linguistics, epistemology, neuropsychology, and artificial intelligence). But the book also touches upon textual criticism, legal theory, measure theory, fuzzy logic, animal learning behavior, developmental psychology, evolutionary epistemology, and neurobiology. The book shows that those using a relative-probability type of explication on a literary work can achieve consensus because the healthy, adult human brain has an evolved, uniform, and probably innate ability to form relative-probability judgments and to form them in the practice of activities (like reading and explicating) that are not uniform and innate. Lastly, the book contributes to the scholarly areas of explication theory and practice, first, by providing a relativistic foundation for a craft (explication) that currently is not acknowledged to have any foundation but nonetheless continues and will continue to be practiced and, second, by presenting a means (relative epistemic probability) by which judging some explication(s) of a literary work to be more acceptable than others may be justified philosophically—an uncommon circumstance in this postmodern era in which philosophical justification of many beliefs and practices is thought to be untenable.

An Ontological and Epistemological Perspective of Fuzzy Set Theory

I. Burhan Türksen
An Ontological and Epistemological Perspective of Fuzzy Set Theory Book PDF

Author : I. Burhan Türksen
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 543 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2005-11-15
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780080525716

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An Ontological and Epistemological Perspective of Fuzzy Set Theory by I. Burhan Türksen Pdf

Fuzzy set and logic theory suggest that all natural language linguistic expressions are imprecise and must be assessed as a matter of degree. But in general membership degree is an imprecise notion which requires that Type 2 membership degrees be considered in most applications related to human decision making schemas. Even if the membership functions are restricted to be Type1, their combinations generate an interval – valued Type 2 membership. This is part of the general result that Classical equivalences breakdown in Fuzzy theory. Thus all classical formulas must be reassessed with an upper and lower expression that are generated by the breakdown of classical formulas. Key features: - Ontological grounding- Epistemological justification- Measurement of Membership- Breakdown of equivalences- FDCF is not equivalent to FCCF- Fuzzy Beliefs- Meta-Linguistic axioms - Ontological grounding- Epistemological justification- Measurement of Membership- Breakdown of equivalences- FDCF is not equivalent to FCCF- Fuzzy Beliefs- Meta-Linguistic axioms

Standardization in Measurement

Oliver Schlaudt,Lara Huber
Standardization in Measurement Book PDF

Author : Oliver Schlaudt,Lara Huber
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781317316695

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Standardization in Measurement by Oliver Schlaudt,Lara Huber Pdf

The application of standard measurement is a cornerstone of modern science. In this collection of essays, standardization of procedure, units of measurement and the epistemology of standardization are addressed by specialists from sociology, history and the philosophy of science.

Measurement in Psychology

Joel Michell
Measurement in Psychology Book PDF

Author : Joel Michell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1999-06-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781139425605

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Measurement in Psychology by Joel Michell Pdf

This book traces how such a seemingly immutable idea as measurement proved so malleable when it collided with the subject matter of psychology. It locates philosophical and social influences (such as scientism, practicalism and Pythagoreanism) reshaping the concept and, at the core of this reshaping, identifies a fundamental problem: the issue of whether psychological attributes really are quantitative. It argues that the idea of measurement now endorsed within psychology actually subverts attempts to establish a genuinely quantitative science and it urges a new direction. It relates views on measurement by thinkers such as Holder, Russell, Campbell and Nagel to earlier views, like those of Euclid and Oresme. Within the history of psychology, it considers contributions by Fechner, Cattell, Thorndike, Stevens and Suppes, among others. It also contains a non-technical exposition of conjoint measurement theory and recent foundational work by leading measurement theorist R. Duncan Luce.