Photosynthesis Global Climate Change And Food Production

Author : The Open The Open Courses Library
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1712327275

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Photosynthesis, Global Climate Change, and Food Production by The Open The Open Courses Library Pdf

Photosynthesis, Global Climate Change, and Food Production The process of photosynthesis has a theoretical efficiency of 30%, but in reality the efficiency is much lower. It is only about 3% on cloudy days. Why is so much solar energy lost? There are a number of factors contributing to this energy loss, and one metabolic pathway that contributes to this low efficiency is photorespiration. All biomes are affected by global conditions, such as climate, that ultimately shape each biome's environment. Scientists who study climate have noted a series of marked changes that have gradually become increasingly evident during the last sixty years. Global climate change is the term used to describe altered global weather patterns, including a worldwide increase in temperature, due largely to rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Chapter Outline: Photosynthetic Pathways Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change Human Population Continues to Grow The Open Courses Library introduces you to the best Open Source Courses.

Author : Sylvan H. Wittwer
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1995-07-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0873717961

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Food, Climate, and Carbon Dioxide by Sylvan H. Wittwer Pdf

Food, Climate, and Carbon Dioxide presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date discussion on the effects of the rising level of atmospheric carbon dioxide on crop production and plant growth. The emphasis is global. It examines crops of economic value, with special attention to the food crops that stand between people and starvation. The author has brought together his knowledge and 50 years of experience dealing with global food production problems, coupled with and a background of his own premier research on the positive effects of elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide on plant growth and crop productivity. Topics addressed include the climate as a resource in food production and climatic impacts and direct effects from rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide on crops. The book provides global and regional projections of a CO2 -induced climate change and food production. Food security is discussed and future possibilities for research are presented. Suitable as a text and invaluable as a reference, it presents the latest developments drawn from a wide scientific community and uses language and terminology appropriate for a diverse audience.

Author : Katie M. Becklin,Joy K. Ward,Danielle A. Way
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2021-05-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030649265

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Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Climate Change by Katie M. Becklin,Joy K. Ward,Danielle A. Way Pdf

Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and global climate conditions have altered photosynthesis and plant respiration across both geologic and contemporary time scales. Understanding climate change effects on plant carbon dynamics is critical for predicting plant responses to future growing conditions. Furthermore, demand for biofuel, fibre and food production is rapidly increasing with the ever-expanding global human population, and our ability to meet these demands is exacerbated by climate change. This volume integrates physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives on photosynthesis and respiration responses to climate change. We explore this topic in the context of modeling plant responses to climate, including physiological mechanisms that constrain carbon assimilation and the potential for plants to acclimate to rising carbon dioxide concentration, warming temperatures and drought. Additional chapters contrast climate change responses in natural and agricultural ecosystems, where differences in climate sensitivity between different photosynthetic pathways can influence community and ecosystem processes. Evolutionary studies over past and current time scales provide further insight into evolutionary changes in photosynthetic traits, the emergence of novel plant strategies, and the potential for rapid evolutionary responses to future climate conditions. Finally, we discuss novel approaches to engineering photosynthesis and photorespiration to improve plant productivity for the future. The overall goals for this volume are to highlight recent advances in photosynthesis and respiration research, and to identify key challenges to understanding and scaling plant physiological responses to climate change. The integrated perspectives and broad scope of research make this volume an excellent resource for both students and researchers in many areas of plant science, including plant physiology, ecology, evolution, climate change, and biotechnology. For this volume, 37 experts contributed chapters that span modeling, empirical, and applied research on photosynthesis and respiration responses to climate change. Authors represent the following seven countries: Australia (6); Canada (9), England (5), Germany (2), Spain (3), and the United States (12).

Author : Fakhri A. Bazzaz,Wim G. Sombroek
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Agricultural ecology
ISBN : 9251039879

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Global Climate Change and Agricultural Production by Fakhri A. Bazzaz,Wim G. Sombroek Pdf

Author : David B. Lobell,Marshall Burke
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2009-12-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789048129522

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Climate Change and Food Security by David B. Lobell,Marshall Burke Pdf

Roughly a billion people around the world continue to live in state of chronic hunger and food insecurity. Unfortunately, efforts to improve their livelihoods must now unfold in the context of a rapidly changing climate, in which warming temperatures and changing rainfall regimes could threaten the basic productivity of the agricultural systems on which most of the world’s poor directly depend. But whether climate change represents a minor impediment or an existential threat to development is an area of substantial controversy, with different conclusions wrought from different methodologies and based on different data. This book aims to resolve some of the controversy by exploring and comparing the different methodologies and data that scientists use to understand climate’s effects on food security. In explains the nature of the climate threat, the ways in which crops and farmers might respond, and the potential role for public and private investment to help agriculture adapt to a warmer world. This broader understanding should prove useful to both scientists charged with quantifying climate threats, and policy-makers responsible for crucial decisions about how to respond. The book is especially suitable as a companion to an interdisciplinary undergraduate or graduate level class.

Author : Rattan Lal,Norman Uphoff,B.A. Stewart,David O. Hansen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 772 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2005-05-26
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781420028614

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Climate Change and Global Food Security by Rattan Lal,Norman Uphoff,B.A. Stewart,David O. Hansen Pdf

In order to feed their burgeoning populations, developing nations will need to double cereal production by the year 2050. This increase will have to come from existing land, as little potential exists for bringing new land under cultivation -- a daunting prospect when one realizes that increased use and significantly higher concentrations of carbon

Author : Otto Charles Doering
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2002-07-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1402070284

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Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Agricultural Production Systems by Otto Charles Doering Pdf

Effects of Climate Change and Viarability on the Agricultural Production Systems provides an integrated assessment of global climate change's impact on agriculture at the farm level, in the context of farm level adaptation decisions. Ten agricultural areas in the Upper Midwest region - the heart of the United States' corn belt - were subjected to climate change and changing climate variability scenarios through simulations of future climate using results from general circulation models. Crop growth models, calibrated to the study sites, were used to simulate yields under varying climate conditions. Farm level production and economic analyses were performed to determine what adaptation strategies might be best utilized to maintain production and profitability for producers under conditions of global climate change and changing climate variability. Similar integrated analyses from Australia and Argentina provide comparisons from different regions.

Author : Shyam Singh Yadav,Robert J. Redden,Jerry L. Hatfield,Andreas W. Ebert,Danny Hunter
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 568 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119180647

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Food Security and Climate Change by Shyam Singh Yadav,Robert J. Redden,Jerry L. Hatfield,Andreas W. Ebert,Danny Hunter Pdf

This book looks at the current state of food security and climate change, discusses the issues that are affecting them, and the actions required to ensure there will be enough food for the future. By casting a much wider net than most previously published books—to include select novel approaches, techniques, genes from crop diverse genetic resources or relatives—it shows how agriculture may still be able to triumph over the very real threat of climate change. Food Security and Climate Change integrates various challenges posed by changing climate, increasing population, sustainability in crop productivity, demand for food grains to sustain food security, and the anticipated future need for nutritious quality foods. It looks at individual factors resulting from climate change, including rising carbon emission levels, increasing temperature, disruptions in rainfall patterns, drought, and their combined impact on planting environments, crop adaptation, production, and management. The role of plant genetic resources, breeding technologies of crops, biotechnologies, and integrated farm management and agronomic good practices are included, and demonstrate the significance of food grain production in achieving food security during climate change. Food Security and Climate Change is an excellent book for researchers, scientists, students, and policy makers involved in agricultural science and technology, as well as those concerned with the effects of climate change on our environment and the food industry.

Author : Rakesh S. Sengar,Kalpana Sengar
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 542 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-13
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781482229202

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Climate Change Effect on Crop Productivity by Rakesh S. Sengar,Kalpana Sengar Pdf

Explore the Relationship between Crop and Climate Agricultural sustainability has been gaining prominence in recent years and is now becoming the focal point of modern agriculture. Recognizing that crop production is very sensitive to climate change, Climate Change Effect on Crop Productivity explores this timely topic in-depth. Incorporating contributions by expert scientists, professors, and researchers from around the world, it emphasizes concerns about the current state of agriculture and of our environment. This text analyzes the global consequences to crop yields, production, and risk of hunger linking climate and socioeconomic scenarios. Addresses Biotechnology, Climate Change, and Plant Productivity The book contains 19 chapters covering issues such as CO2, ozone on plants, productivity fertilization effect, UV (ultraviolet) radiation, temperature, and stress on crop growth. The text discusses the impact of changing climate on agriculture, environment stress physiology, adaptation mechanism, climate change data of recent years, impact of global warming, and climate change on different crops. It explores the overall global picture in terms of the effect of crops to climate change during abiotic stress and considers strategies for offsetting and adapting to ongoing climate change. Details how and why climate change occurs and how it effects crop productivity and agriculture Considers what measures should be taken to mitigate the effect of climate change on agriculture Highlights the effect of climate change on crop productivity, the invention of new technology, and strategies for agriculture practice to adapt to climate change Provides an analysis of the global warming effect on crop productivity due to climate change and long-term agriculture technique development Confirms the asymmetry between potentially severe agricultural damages such as the effect on crop yield due to variation in temperature Reports on the results of experiments to assess the effects of global climate change on crop productivity An asset to agriculturists, environmentalists, climate change specialists, policy makers, and research scholars, Climate Change Effect on Crop Productivity provides relevant information and opportunities for productive engagement and discussion among government negotiators, experts, stakeholders, and others concerned about climate change and agriculture.

Author : Fakhri A. Bazzaz
Publisher : Daya Books
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : 8170353920

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Global Climate Change and Agricultural Production by Fakhri A. Bazzaz Pdf

This book reports on the results of experiments to assess the effects of global climate change on the agricultural production of crops and livestock. It covers issues such as the CO2 fertilization effect, the adverse effects of elevated levels of UV-B radiation and ozone on plant growth and productivity, and on livestock. Combined effects are also studied, including changing CO2, temperature, and UV-B radiation and O3 simultaneously on crop growth. The concluding chapters give an idea of the overall global picture in terms of the effects already discussed. Changes in the world hydrological cycle, the regional availability of water resources, changes in soil conditions and the impact of this on food production, as well as modelling techniques, are all examined. Contents Chapter 1: The Climate Change: Agriculture Conundrum by W G Sombroek and R Gommes; Chapter 2: The Effects of Changes in the World Hydrological Cycle on Availability of Water Resources by T E Evans; Chapter 3: The Effects of Global Change on Soil Conditions in Relation to Plant Growth and Food Production by R Brinkman and W G Sombroek ; Chapter 4: The CO2 Fertilization Effect: Higher Carbohydrate Production and Retention as Biomass and Seed Yield by L H Allen Jr, J T Baker and K J Boote; Chapter 5: The Effects of Elevated CO2 and Temperature Change on Transpiration and Crop Water Use by S C Van de Geijn and J Gourdriaan; Chapter 6: Effects of Higher Day and Night Temperatures on Growth and Yields of Some Crop Plants by Y P Abrol and K T Ingram; Chapter 7: Adverse Effects of Elevated Levels of Ultraviolet (UV)-B Radiation and Ozone (O3) on Crop Growth and Productivity by S V Krupa and H Jager; Chapter 8: Combined Effects of Changing CO2, Temperature, UV-B Radiation and O3 on Crop Growth by M H Unsworth and W E Hogsett; Chapter 9: The Potential Effects of Climate Change on World Food Production and Security by G Fischer, K Frohberg, M L Parry and C Rosenzweig; Chapter 10: Climate Change, Global Agriculture and Regional Vulnerability by J Reilly; Chapter 11: Integrating Land-use Change and Evaluating Feedbacks in Global Change Models: The IMAGE 2 Approach by R Leemans, G J Van den Bornand L Bouwman; Chapter 12: Global Change Impacts on Agriculture, Forestry and Soils: The Programme of the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Core Project of IGBP by B Tinker, J Goudriaan, P Teng, M Swift, S Linder, J Ingram and S Van de Geijn; Chapter 13: Global Climate Change and Agricultural Production: An Assessment of Current Knowledge and Critical Gaps by F A Bazzaz and W G Sombroek.

Author : Ashwani Kumar,Yuan-Yeu Yau,Shinjiro Ogita,Renate Scheibe
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2020-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811552281

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Climate Change, Photosynthesis and Advanced Biofuels by Ashwani Kumar,Yuan-Yeu Yau,Shinjiro Ogita,Renate Scheibe Pdf

The use of fossil fuels results in rising CO2 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, causing global temperature rise and climate change that will negatively impact human health, the food supply, and eventually worsen hunger and misery. Presently, fossil fuels meet 88% of the energy demand, resulting in rising CO2/GHG emissions at alarming rates. The increased use of biofuels would help to mitigate climate change. Efficiently designing methods for the production of biofuels and plant-derived high-value products requires a deeper understanding of photosynthetic processes as a prerequisite for applying novel biotechnologies. Accordingly, this book provides ample information and a wealth of illustrative examples. The book’s eighteen richly illustrated chapters are divided into three thematic parts. I: Photosynthesis and Biomass Production under Changing Conditions, II: Microalgae and Engineered Crops for Production of Biofuels and High-value Products, and III: Genetic Resources and Engineering Methods to Improve Crop Plants. Readers will find the latest information on the molecular basis of photosynthetic processes in plants (including the regulatory principles that allow plants to maintain homeostasis under changing conditions), stress resistance and synthetic pathways. In addition, the basic principles of important biotechnologies, as well as examples of specially designed crops capable of growing under stress conditions with improved productivity, are presented. The book sets the course for future research in the field of biofuel development and production and provides both general and specific information for students, teachers, academic researchers, industrial teams, and general readers who are interested in new developments concerning the production of biofuels with value-added properties.

Author : S.N. Singh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2009-09-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540882466

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Climate Change and Crops by S.N. Singh Pdf

Climate change is directly linked to the human activities, according to the Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC (2007). In last two decades of 20th Century, accelerated anthropogenic activities pushed up the atmospheric abundance of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2, CH4, and N2O, alarmingly which enhanced the radiative forcing of the Earth’s surface and thus perturbed its heat radiation balance. As a consequence, atmospheric characteristics, such as temperature, rainfall pattern, levels of CO2 and O3 have changed significantly, affecting the farm productivity. Although rising level of CO2 may have fertilizing effect on C3 crops, but concomitant rise in atmospheric temperature, O3 level and extreme weather conditions can not only nullify the fertilizing effect of CO2, but also drastically reduce the crop production, threatening food security to burgeoning world population. Agricultural crops are not only victim of climate variability and extreme whether conditions, but also serve as a potential source of CH4 and N2O. Therefore, in changed scenario, Kyoto Protocol (1997) has sought all signatory developed nations to cut down their emission levels as per their differential commitments to UNFCCC and developing nations to invest in less carbon emission projects to avert the process of global warming process. In this context, the present edition, which compiles latest findings of studies carried out by the scientists on climate change and crops around the world, serves as a ready reckoner to crop scientists, atmospheric scientists, ecologists, environmentalists, research scholars and post- graduate students to update their knowledge and understanding on this issue.

Author : Thomas E. Downing
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 653 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642610868

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Climate Change and World Food Security by Thomas E. Downing Pdf

In the last half decade since sustainable development became a serious objective, what have we achieved? Are livelihoods more secure? Are nations wealthier and more resilient? Is environmental quality being restored or maintained? These are essential questions of development. Their answers are many, varied between communities and regions, even between individuals. Two years ago, in the aftermath of the Earth Summit and ratification of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, but before the first Conference of Parties, I participated in a panel at the inaugural Oxford Environment Conference on Climate Change and World Food Security. The panel vigorously reviewed issues of resilient development and food security. This book is a product of the Oxford Environment Conference. It takes the essential questions of sustainability as a starting point to focus on present food security and its future prospects in the face of climate change. Why is this book important? First, I believe our goals to end hunger are under threat. We know what to do in many respects, but fail to generate the finances and political will to change the structures that thrive on poverty. Second, I believe concern about the environment has become dangerously separated from the fundamental issues of human deprivation. Third, I believe climate change is a serious threat and I am dismayed at the way nations dither over how to control greenhouse gas emissions and mechanisms to meet the challenge of adverse climate impacts.

Author : Iker Aranjuelo,Marouane Baslam,Alvaro Sanz-Saez
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889665136

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Photosynthesis in a Changing Global Climate: a Matter of Scale by Iker Aranjuelo,Marouane Baslam,Alvaro Sanz-Saez Pdf

Author : Harry Kaiser,Thomas Drennen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2022-02-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351468022

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Agricultural Dimensions of Global Climate Change by Harry Kaiser,Thomas Drennen Pdf

This important book, written by recognized leaders in their fields, discusses agricultural dimensions of global climate change. Research and policy issues are covered and a multidisciplinary view of global climate change and agriculture is presented. Major sections cover the contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (including an investigation as to whether monitoring and verification of such emissions would work) and the impact of global climate change on agriculture. The book examines such important issues as global food availability, distributional effects between developing and developed countries, agricultural adaptation possibilities, and whether CO2 enrichment will benefit agriculture. A unique feature of this publication is that it addresses communication difficulties between researchers and policy makers and suggests solutions.