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Rhizosphere Biology: Interactions Between Microbes and Plants by Vadakattu V. S. R. Gupta,Anil K. Sharma Pdf
This book presents a detailed discussion on the direct interactions of plants and microorganisms in the rhizosphere environment. It includes fifteen chapters, each focusing on a specific component of plant-microbe interactions, such as the influence of plants on the root microbiome, and the downstream effects of rhizosphere microbial dynamics on carbon and nutrient fluxes in the surroundings. As such, the book helps readers gain a better understanding of diversity above the ground, and its effect on the microbiome and its functionality.
Plant-Microbe Interactions in the Rhizosphere by Adam Schikora Pdf
In this volume expert authors review current research on diverse aspects of the interactions which occur in the rhizosphere between the host plant and the microorganisms. The chapters focus on specific phenomena, from the biochemical and genetical level to complex inter-organism communication.
Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions by Ben Lugtenberg Pdf
The use of microbial plant protection products is growing and their importance will strongly increase due to political and public pressure. World population is growing and the amount of food needed by 2050 will be double of what is produced now whereas the area of agricultural land is decreasing. We must increase crop yield in a sustainable way. Chemical plant growth promoters must be replaced by microbiological products. Also here, the use of microbial products is growing and their importance will strongly increase. A growing area of agricultural land is salinated. Global warming will increase this process. Plants growth is inhibited by salt or even made impossible and farmers tend to disuse the most salinated lands. Microbes have been very successfully used to alleviate salt stress of plants. Chemical pollution of land can make plant growth difficult and crops grown are often polluted and not suitable for consumption. Microbes have been used to degrade these chemical pollutants.
Plant-Microbe Interactions in Agro-Ecological Perspectives by Dhananjaya Pratap Singh,Harikesh Bahadur Singh,Ratna Prabha Pdf
This books presents an updated compilation on fundamental interaction mechanisms of microbial communities with the plant roots and rhizosphere (belowground) and leaves and aerial parts (aboveground). Plant rhizopshere recruits its own microbial composition that survive there and help plants grow and develop better under biotic and abiotic conditions. Similar is the case with the beneficial microorganisms which are applied as inoculants with characteristic functions. The mechanism of plant-microbe interactions is interesting phenomenon in biological perspectives with numerous implications in the fields. The First volume focuses on the basic and fundamental mechanisms that have been worked out by the scientific communities taking into account different plant-microbe systems. This includes methods that decipher mechanisms at cellular, physiological, biochemical and molecular levels and the functions that are the final outcome of any beneficial or non-beneficial interactions in crop plants and microbes. Recent advances in this research area is covered in different book chapters that reflect the impact of microbial interactions on soil and plant health, dynamics of rhizosphere microbial communities, interaction mechanisms of microbes with multiple functional attributes, microbiome of contrasting crop production systems (organic vs conventional), mechanisms behind symbiotic and pathogenic interactions, endophytic (bacterial and fungal) interaction and benefits, rhizoplane and endosphere associations, signalling cascades and determinants in rhizosphere, quorum sensing in bacteria and impact on interaction, mycorrhizal interaction mechanisms, induced disease resistance and plant immunization, interaction mechanisms that suppress disease and belowground microbial crosstalk with plant rhizosphere. Methods based on multiphasic and multi-omics approaches were discussed in detail by the authors. Content-wise, the book offers an advanced account on various aspects of plant-microbe interactions and valuable implications in agro-ecological perspectives.
Plant-Microbe Interactions in Agro-Ecological Perspectives by Dhananjaya Pratap Singh,Harikesh Bahadur Singh,Ratna Prabha Pdf
This book puts an updated account on functional aspects of multiphasic microbial interactions within and between plants and their ecosystem. Multipronged interaction in the soil microbial communities with the plants constitute a relay of mechanisms that make profound changes in plant and its micro-environment in the rhizopshere at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. In agro-ecological perspectives, such interactions are known to recycle nutrients and regulate signalling molecules, phytohormones and other small molecules that help plant growth and development. Such aspects are described deeply in this book taking examples from various crop plants and microbial systems. Authors described the most advantageous prospects of plant-microbe interaction in terms of inoculation of beneficial microorganisms (microbial inoculants) with the plants in which microbes proliferate in the root rhizosphere system and benefit plants' with definite functions like fixation of nitrogen, solubilization and mobilization of P, K, Zn and production of phytohormones. The subject of this book and the content presented herein has great relevance to the agro-ecological sustainability of crop plants with the help of microbial interactions. The chapters presented focus on defining and assessing the impact of beneficial microbial interactions on different soils, crops and abiotic conditions. This volume entails about exploiting beneficial microbial interactions to help plants under abiotic conditions, microbe-mediated induced systemic tolerance, role of mycorrhizal interactions in improving plant tolerance against stresses, PGPR as nutrient mobilizers, phytostimulants, antagonists and biocontrol agents, plant interactions with Trichoderma and other bioagents for sustainable intensification in agriculture, cyanobacteria as PGPRs, plant microbiome for crop management and phytoremediation and rhizoremediation using microbial communities. The overall content entrust advanced knowledge and applicability of diversified biotechnological, techno-commercial and agro-ecological aspects of microbial interactions and inoculants as inputs, which upon inoculation with crop plants benefit them in multiple ways.
Secondary Metabolites in Soil Ecology by Petr Karlovsky Pdf
Microbiologists and soil scientists will find this study compelling reading. It focuses on the role of bacterial, fungal and plant secondary metabolites in soil ecosystems. Our understanding of the biological function of secondary metabolites is surprisingly limited, considering our knowledge of their structural diversity and pharmaceutical activity. This book reviews functional aspects of secondary metabolite production, with a focus on interactions among soil organisms.
Multilateral Interactions In The Rhizosphere by Soumitra Paul Chowdhury,Adam Schikora,László Kredics,Fred O. Asiegbu,Beatriz Lagunas Pdf
The rhizosphere is an ecological hotspot. Plant roots, bacteria, archaea, fungi, nematodes, and other macroscopic organisms interact here with each other. Plants represent the main influencing force as they produce a mixture of chemical molecules and extrude them in the form of root exudates. Those exudates determine not only the nutrient availability of the plant but also influence the outcome of the interactions in the vicinity of the roots. In response to the plant-derived signals, a subset of the bulk soil microbes can proliferate in the proximity of the root and some of them can eventually overcome the plant defense system to colonize the plants. The root-associated microbiota is assumed to be crucial for plant health, and belowground plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions can result in altered growth and nutritional quality of the aboveground plant parts. Such interactions affect community composition and productivity in natural ecosystems or crop yield in agricultural fields. Root associations with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) producing phytohormones that alter root architecture, or produce antibiotics to suppress antagonistic pathogens, affecting nutrient availability and competition between plants are just a few among many examples of such belowground interactions in the rhizosphere. Moreover, the role of rhizosphere microorganisms in stimulating the plant immune system leading to Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) has also been a focus of an active investigation. However, the molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. On one hand, it has been proposed that plants actively recruit beneficial microorganisms under certain pathological conditions or influence the soil microbial communities and create a so-called “soil memory”, which is conveyed to future plant generations. On the other, the presence and interactions between microorganisms in the soil have a substantial impact on plant health.
Plant-Microbe Interaction: An Approach to Sustainable Agriculture by Devendra K. Choudhary,Ajit Varma,Narendra Tuteja Pdf
The book addresses current public concern about the adverse effect of agrochemicals and their effect on the agro-ecosystem. This book also aims to satisfy and contribute to the increasing interest in understanding the co-operative activities among microbial populations and their interaction with plants. It contains chapters on a variety of interrelated aspects of plant-microbe interactions with a single theme of stress management and sustainable agriculture. The book will be very useful for students, academicians, researcher working on plant-microbe interaction and also for policy makers involved in food security and sustainable agriculture.
Rhizobiome by Javid A. Parray,Nowsheen Shameem,Dilfuza Egamberdieva,R.Z. Sayyed Pdf
Rhizosphere: Ecology, Management and Application highlights the use of the rhizosphere microbiome to improve plant and soil health, including strengthening stress resistance and remediating negatively impacted soils. The book focuses on current developments and applications of related low input management strategies in high-value crops as well as non-food plants. Further sections provide insights into the ecology and functions of these interactions, including evidence that plant microbiota is vital for plant growth and stress resilience and health. It highlights fundamental microbiome research to help readers better understand the dynamics within microbial communities and their interactions with various plant hosts and the environment. Microbial-root associations are essential to assist plants under abiotic and biotic stresses and are necessary and beneficial to enhancing agricultural crop production. Numerous studies have enhanced our vision of the complex interactions between the plant, the associated microbial communities, and the environment. Further, microbe – microbe interactions allow the simulation microbial community interactions naturally, and is one of the many modern methods for the development of novel and effective metabolites. Includes insights on the sustainable use of valuable soil rhizobiome Explores the latest biotechnological developments in the harnessing of rhizosphere potential Proposes potential applications and microbial communities in modern agricultural systems, soil bioremediation and environmental restoration Assesses the role of the rhizosphere microbial communities in increasing the growth of crop plants
Molecular Approaches to Soil, Rhizosphere and Plant Microorganism Analysis by John Eric Cooper,J. R. Rao Pdf
Plants have evolved both general and highly specialized defence mechanisms that function to prevent diseases caused by the majority of microbial pathogens they encounter. Highly specialized defence is governed by specific interactions between pathogen avr (avirulence) genes' loci and alleles of the corresponding plant disease resistance (R) loci. These defences can be very dynamic as microbes from the same species can act differently in their co-evolution with the specific host plant, which in turn has similarly evolved its response to external threats. There have been major developments in the field of plant-microbe interactions in recent years, due to newly developed techniques and the availability of genomic information. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions explores these new discoveries, focusing primarily on the mechanisms controlling plant disease resistance, the cross-talk among the pathways involved and the strategies used by the pathogens to suppress these defences. By exploring developments in plant defences, pathogen's counter-defences and mutually beneficial plant-microbe interactions, this book will be useful for researchers and students in plant pathology and plant biology-related areas.
Phytomicrobiome Interactions and Sustainable Agriculture by Amit Verma,Jitendra Kumar Saini,Harikesh Bahadur Singh,Abd El-Latif Hesham Pdf
A guide to the role microbes play in the enhanced production and productivity of agriculture to feed our growing population Phytomicrobiome Interactions and Sustainable Agriculture offers an essential guide to the importance of ‘Phytomicrobiome’ and explores its various components. The authors – noted experts on the topic – explore the key benefits of plant development such as nutrient availability, amelioration of stress and defense to plant disease. Throughout the book, the authors introduce and classify the corresponding Phytomicrobiome components and then present a detailed discussion related to its effect on plant development: controlling factors of this biome, its behaviour under the prevailing climate change condition and beneficial effects. The book covers the newly emerging technical concept of Phytomicrobiome engineering, which is an advanced concept to sustain agricultural productivity in recent climatic scenario. The text is filled with comprehensive, cutting edge data, making it possible to access this ever-growing wealth of information. This important book: Offers a one-stop resource on phytomicrobiome concepts Provides a better understanding of the topic and how it can be employed for understanding plant development Contains a guide to sustaining agriculture using phytomicrobiome engineering Presents information that can lead to enhanced production and productivity to feed our growing population Written for students, researchers and policy makers of plant biology, Phytomicrobiome Interactions and Sustainable Agriculture offers a clear understanding of the importance of microbes in overall plant growth and development.
Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere by Frans J. de Bruijn Pdf
The ultimate reference on the benefits of plant-microbe interactions The advent of sophisticated molecular techniques in recent years has spurred an unprecedented growth in the study of the rhizosphere--the soil space where symbiotic interactions occur between plant roots and microbial communities. This comprehensive two-volume reference surveys the state of the art of this rapidly expanding field, bringing together a wealth of information on the molecular microbial ecology of the rhizosphere. Featuring contributions by leading experts from around the world, this exhaustive work combines review articles with original research papers, exploring all facets of plant-microbe interactions, including the latest molecular tools and experimental results from different habitats. Readers will gain valuable insight into an encyclopedic range of topics and learn to develop strategies for using microbes and plants in cutting-edge application areas such as sustainable agriculture and phytoremediation. Coverage includes: How plants structure microbial communities in the rhizosphere to encourage beneficial organisms and ward off pathogens How signaling between plants and microorganisms promotes plant growth and development as well as nitrogen fixation and mycorrhization Biocontrol and disease-suppression approaches for ameliorating environmental stresses affecting the roots of plants and trees A plethora of culture-independent molecular techniques, including genomic sequencing and metagenomics Applications and implications for ecological studies, decontamination of heavy metals, and food production in the era of climate change Properties of bacterial endophytes leading to maximized host fitness Engineering the rhizosphere: The Biased Rhizosphere concept Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere is a must-have resource for soil microbiologists, molecular microbial ecologists, plant biologists, researchers working on plant-microbe interactions, and anyone with an interest in microbiology, ecology, and agriculture.
Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere by Krishna Gopal Mukerji,C. Manoharachary,Jagjit Singh Pdf
The rhizosphere is a very complex environment in which the effects of the plant on soil microorganisms and the effects of the microorganisms on the plant are interacting and are interdependent. Plant root exudates and breakdownproducts attract microbes and feed them and, in turn, the plants often bene?t from the microbes. Interactions among microorg- ismsandplantrootsareessentialfornutritionalrequirementsoftheplant. Plant growth, development and productivity are largely dependent on the soil environment in the root region rhizosphere. The new techniques of studying the rhizosphere enables us to get a much better understanding of the dynamics of the rhizosphere population, such rhizosphere studies beingofinteresttoagriculturists,soilbiologists,chemists,microbiologists andmolecularbiologists. The rhizosphere microbes in?uence the root environment in several ways. They may change the oxidation-reduction potential, in?uence the availabilityofmoistureandnutrients,producegrowthinhibitingorgrowth promoting substances in the form of exudates, provide competition and possiblyinducemanyothereffects.Mycorrhizalassociationsarebene?cial in mineral uptake and in increasing root surface area for effective ion absorption. Antagonism,competitionandsynergisminsoilandtherhizoplane(r- zosphere) are the most important microbial interactions to consider in the study of rhizosphere biology. With the growing information on the production of growth regulators, competitiveness of the microbes in the rhizosphere, microsymbionts, and other factors, their effect upon plant growth will become more evident. Experiments on the introduction of microbes or their products in the rhizosphere will help to improve our understandingofthebiologyoftherhizosphere.
Plant, Soil and Microbes in Tropical Ecosystems by Suresh Kumar Dubey,Satish Kumar Verma Pdf
This book describes the multitude of interactions between plant, soil, and micro-organisms. It emphasizes on how growth and development in plants, starting from seed germination, is heavily influenced by the soil type. It describes the interactions established by plants with soil and inhabitant microbial community. The chapters describe how plants selectively promote certain microorganisms in the rhizospheric ecozone to derive multifarious benefits such as nutrient acquisition and protection from diseases. The diversity of these rhizospheric microbes and their interactions with plants largely depend on plant genotype, soils attributes, and several abiotic and biotic factors. Most of the studies concerned with plant–microbe interaction are focused on temperate regions, even though the tropical ecosystems are more diverse and need more attention. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how soil type and climatic conditions influence the plant–soil–microbes interaction in the tropics. Considering the significance of the subject, the present volume is designed to cover the most relevant aspects of rhizospheric microbial interactions in tropical ecosystems. Chapters include aspects related to the diversity of rhizospheric microbes, as well as modern tools and techniques to assess the rhizospheric microbiomes and their functional roles. The book also covers applications of rhizospheric microbes and evaluation of prospects improving agricultural practice and productivity through the use of microbiome technologies. This book will be extremely interesting to microbiologists, plant biologists, and ecologists.
Plant Microbe Symbiosis: Fundamentals and Advances by Naveen Kumar Arora Pdf
Plant microbe interaction is a complex relationship that can have various beneficial impacts on both the communities. An urgent need of today’s world is to get high crop yields in an ecofriendly manner. Utilization of beneficial and multifaceted plant growth promoting (PGP) microorganisms can solve the problem of getting enhanced yields without disturbing the ecosystem thus leading to sustainability. For this to achieve understanding of the intricate details of how the beneficial microbes form associations with the host plant and sustain that for millions of years must be known. A holistic approach is required wherein the diversity of microbes associated with plant and the network of mechanisms by which they benefit the host must be studied and utilized. ‘Plant Microbe Symbiosis – Fundamentals and Advances’ provides a comprehensive understanding of positive interactions that occur between plant and microorganisms and their utilization in the fields. The book reviews the enormous diversity of plant associated microbes, the dialog between plant-microbes-microbes and mechanisms of action of PGP microbes. Utilization of PGPRs as nutrient providers, in combating phytopathogens and ameliorating the stressed and polluted soils is also explained. Importantly, the book also throws light on the unanswered questions and future direction of research in the field. It illustrates how the basic knowledge can be amalgamated with advanced technology to design the future bioformulations.
