Plastics Process Analysis Instrumentation And Control
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Plastics Process Analysis, Instrumentation, and Control by Johannes Karl Fink Pdf
This book focuses on plastics process analysis, instrumentation for modern manufacturing in the plastics industry. Process analysis is the starting point since plastics processing is different from processing of metals, ceramics, and other materials. Plastics materials show unique behavior in terms of heat transfer, fluid flow, viscoelastic behavior, and a dependence of the previous time, temperature and shear history which determines how the material responds during processing and its end use. Many of the manufacturing processes are continuous or cyclical in nature. The systems are flow systems in which the process variables, such as time, temperature, position, melt and hydraulic pressure, must be controlled to achieve a satisfactory product which is typically specified by critical dimensions and physical properties which vary with the processing conditions. Instrumentation has to be selected so that it survives the harsh manufacturing environment of high pressures, temperatures and shear rates, and yet it has to have a fast response to measure the process dynamics. At many times the measurements have to be in a non-contact mode so as not to disturb the melt or the finished product. Plastics resins are reactive systems. The resins will degrade if the process conditions are not controlled. Analysis of the process allows one to strategize how to minimize degradation and optimize end-use properties.
Process Plant Instrumentation by Miguel J. Bagajewicz Pdf
This is the first in-depth presentation in book form of current analytical methods for optimal design, selection and evaluation of instrumentation for process plants. The presentation is clear, concise and systematic-providing process engineers with a valuable tool for improving quality, costs, safety, loss prevention, and production accounting. From Chapter 1 Introduction "Instrumentation is needed in process plants to obtain data that are essential to perform several activities. Among the most important are control, the assessment of the quality of products, production accounting... and the detection of failures related to safety. In addition, certain parameters than cannot be measured directly, such as heat exchanger, fouling or column deficiencies, are of interest. Finally, new techniques, such as on-line optimization, require the construction of reliable computer models for which the estimation of process parameters is essential. "This book concentrates on the tasks of determining the optimal set of measured variables and selecting the accuracy and reliability of the corresponding instruments. The goal is to obtain sufficiency accurate and reliable estimates of variables of interest while filtering bad data due to possible instrument malfunction. An additional goal is to observe and diagnose single and multiple process faults." From the Preface "There is a vast amount of literature devoted to the selection and good maintenance of instruments. This literature covers the selection of the right instrument for a particular range and system, but only after the desired accuracy and reliability of measurement have been established. Little has been written on how to systematically determine the right accuracy and reliability needed when selecting an instrument, much less how much redundancy is needed for a particular system. The key variables that needed estimation come from control requirements, as well as monitoring needs for safety, quality control and production accounting. These are the starting points of the design methodology. This book concentrates on determining the optimal accuracy and reliability of instruments and their location. To determine this, certain desired properties of the system of instruments are used as constraints while the cost is minimized. These properties, among others are variable observability, system reliability and precision of certain variables. "This book is not a textbook. Rather it is intended to be an organized collection of the most relevant work in this area.... It has been written with the intention of making it readable by engineers with some background in linear algebra, mathematical optimization and graph theory. It is organized so that the complexity of the sensor network design is addressed step by step." The information in this new book serves the needs of chemical and other process engineers involved in instrumentation and control, maintenance, plant operations, process design, process development, quality control, safety, and loss prevention. Illustrations and Tables The text is supplemented with more than 100 flow charts, diagrams and other schematics that illustrate procedures, systems and instrumentation. More than 70 tables provide useful reference data. The Author Dr. Miguel J. Bagajewicz brings to this new book his extensive experience in design, data management, teaching and writing in the area of process engineering. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the California Institute of Technology. He is presently Associate Professor, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and Director, Center for Engineering Optimization at the University of Oklahoma. He is the author or co-author of more than 100 journal articles, conference presentations, and reports, and the author of articles on data reconciliation and sensor location in the Instrument Engineers' Handbook, fourth edition. He is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), and on the executive committee of the Central Oklahoma Chapter.
Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics by ASM International,Steve Lampman Pdf
The selection and application of engineered materials is an integrated process that requires an understanding of the interaction between materials properties, manufacturing characteristics, design considerations, and the total life cycle of the product. This reference book on engineering plastics provides practical and comprehensive coverage on how the performance of plastics is characterized during design, property testing, and failure analysis. The fundamental structure and properties of plastics are reviewed for general reference, and detailed articles describe the important design factors, properties, and failure mechanisms of plastics. The effects of composition, processing, and structure are detailed in articles on the physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Other articles cover failure mechanisms such as: crazing and fracture; impact loading; fatigue failure; wear failures, moisture related failure; organic chemical related failure; photolytic degradation; and microbial degradation. Characterization of plastics in failure analysis is described with additional articles on analysis of structure, surface analysis, and fractography.
Plastics Processing Data Handbook by D.V. Rosato Pdf
This comprehensive book provides guidelines for maximizing plastics proc essing efficiency in the manufacture of all types of products, using all types of plastics. A practical approach is employed to present fundamental, yet comprehensive, coverage of processing concepts. The information and data presented by the many tables and figures interrelate the different variables that affect injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, thermoforming, compression molding, reinforced plastics molding, rotational molding, re action injection molding, coining, casting, and other processes. The text presents a great number of problems pertaining to different phases of processing. Solutions are provided that will meet product per formance requirements at the lowest cost. Many of the processing variables and their behaviors in the different processes are the same, as they all in volve basic conditions of temperature, time, and pressure. The book begins with information applicable to all processes, on topics such as melt soft ening flow and controls; all processes fit into an overall scheme that re quires the interaction and proper control of systems. Individual processes are reviewed to show the effects of changing different variables to meet the goal of zero defects. The content is arranged to provide a natural progres sion from simple to complex situations, which range from control of a sin gle manual machine to simulation of sophisticated computerized processes that interface with many different processing functions.
Quality Management in Plastics Processing by Robin Kent Pdf
Quality Management in Plastics Processing provides a structured approach to the techniques of quality management, also covering topics of relevance to plastics processors. The book’s focus isn’t just on implementation of formal quality systems, such as ISO 9001, but about real world, practical guidance in establishing good quality management. Ultimately, improved quality management delivers better products, higher customer satisfaction, increased sales, and reduced operation costs. The book helps practitioners who are wondering how to begin implementing quality management techniques in their business focus on key management and technical issues, including raw materials, processing, and operations. It is a roadmap for all company operations, from people, product design, sales/marketing, and production – all of which are impacted by, and involved in, the implementation of an effective quality management system. Readers in the plastics processing industry will find this comprehensive book to be a valuable resource. Helps readers deliver better products, higher customer satisfaction, and increased profits with easily applicable guidance for the plastics industry Provides engineers and technical personnel with the tools they need to start a process of continuous improvement in their company Presents practical guidance to help plastics processing companies organize, stimulate, and complete effective quality improvement projects
Polymers and Additives in Extreme Environments by Johannes Karl Fink Pdf
POLYMERS AND ADDITVES IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS Uniquely catalogs polymers and additives for uses in extreme applications such as in high or low pressure, high or low temperature, deep water and other special applications. The book includes chapters on aqueous environments including polymeric membranes for water purification and wastewater treatment; extreme pressure environments such as oils and lubricants for combustion engines as well as materials used for deep drilling such as surfactants, scale inhibitors, foaming agents, defoamers, propellants, fracturing fluids; extreme temperatures is subdivided in high and low temperature applications including gasketing materials, fuel tank sealants, expulsion bladders, fuel cell materials, and on the other hand, cold weather articles and thermoregulatory textiles; electrical applications include solar cell devices, triboelectric generators, fuel cell applications, electrochromic materials and batteries; medical applications include polymers for contact lenses, materials for tissue engineering, sophisticated drug delivery systems; aerospace applications include outer space applications such as low temperature and pressure, also cosmic rays, outgassing, and atomic erosion, as well as materials for electrostactic dissipative coatings and space suits; a final chapter detailing materials that are used in other extreme environments, such as adhesives, and polymeric concrete materials. Audience Materials and polymer scientists working in manufacturing and plastics, civil and mechanical engineers in various industries such as automotive, aircraft, space, marine and shipping, electronics, construction, electrical, etc. will find this book essential. The book will also serve the needs of engineers and specialists who have only a passing contact with polymers and additives in industrial setting need to know more.
Analytical Instrumentation examines analyzers for detecting pollutants and other hazardous matter, including carbon monoxide, chlorine, fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, mercury, and phosphorous. Also covers selection, application, and sampling procedures. Béla G. Lipták speaks on Post-Oil Energy Technology on the AT&T Tech Channel.
Advances in Polymer Processing by S Thomas,Weimin Yang Pdf
Processing techniques are critical to the performance of polymer products which are used in a wide range of industries. Advances in polymer processing: From macro- to nano- scales reviews the latest advances in polymer processing, techniques and materials. Part one reviews the fundamentals of polymer processing with chapters on rheology, materials and polymer extrusion. Part two then discusses advances in moulding technology with chapters on such topics as compression, rotational and blow moulding of polymers. Chapters in Part three review alternative processing technologies such as calendaring and coating, foam processing and radiation processing of polymers. Part four discusses micro and nano-technologies with coverage of themes such as processing of macro, micro and nanocomposites and processing of carbon nanotubes. The final section of the book addresses post-processing technologies with chapters on online monitoring and computer modelling as well as joining, machining, finishing and decorating of polymers. With is distinguished editors and team of international contributors, Advances in polymer processing: From macro- to nano- scales is an invaluable reference for engineers and academics concerned with polymer processing. Reviews the latest advances in polymer processing, techniques and materials analysing new challenges and opportunities Discusses the fundamentals of polymer processing considering the compounding and mixing of polymers as well as extrusion Assesses alternative processing technologies including calendaring and coating and thermoforming of polymers
Instrumentation and Automation in the Paper, Rubber, Plastics, and Polymerisation Industries by A. van Cauwenberghe Pdf
Covers: pulp & papers; plastics; paper web; extruders; pulp processes; polymerisation; computers & modelling; human engineering; paper recycling & paper waste; drives; process & production.
Multivariate Analysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry by Ana Patricia Ferreira,Jose C. Menezes,Mike Tobyn Pdf
Multivariate Analysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry provides industry practitioners with guidance on multivariate data methods and their applications over the lifecycle of a pharmaceutical product, from process development, to routine manufacturing, focusing on the challenges specific to each step. It includes an overview of regulatory guidance specific to the use of these methods, along with perspectives on the applications of these methods that allow for testing, monitoring and controlling products and processes. The book seeks to put multivariate analysis into a pharmaceutical context for the benefit of pharmaceutical practitioners, potential practitioners, managers and regulators. Users will find a resources that addresses an unmet need on how pharmaceutical industry professionals can extract value from data that is routinely collected on products and processes, especially as these techniques become more widely used, and ultimately, expected by regulators. Targets pharmaceutical industry practitioners and regulatory staff by addressing industry specific challenges Includes case studies from different pharmaceutical companies and across product lifecycle of to introduce readers to the breadth of applications Contains information on the current regulatory framework which will shape how multivariate analysis (MVA) is used in years to come
Instrumentation and Automation in the Paper, Rubber, Plastics, and Polymerization Industries, 1986 by A. Kaya,T. J. Williams Pdf
Presents a state-of-the art review of instrumentation and automation practices in the paper, rubber, plastics and polymerization industries, including original research and practical projects. Among subject areas covered are: rubber industry process control and related topics; modeling and control of paper industry processes; applications of adaptive and predictive control in the pulp and paper industry; batch reactor control technology; adaptive process control concepts for plastics processing units; modeling and control of polymerization processes; paper industry process control; measurement and modeling problems in polymer processing of non-sheet processes; control of extrusion and blow molding; mill-wide control in the paper industry; user's needs and expected developments in sensors for the control of production of sheet products; instrumentation for polymer processing and modeling of paper industry processes.
