Polarized Light In Nature

Author : J. David Pye
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2001-02-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781420033687

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Polarised Light in Science and Nature by J. David Pye Pdf

We humans cannot see when light is polarized and this leads to unfortunate misapprehensions about this aspect of nature. Even scientists who should know better often assume that it is an obscure topic of specialized interest in only a few rather isolated areas. In fact, it is a universal feature of our world and most natural light is at least partially polarized. In the animal kingdom, insects and other animals exploit such natural polarization in some fascinating ways since they do not share this human deficiency and can both detect and analyze polarization. It may be our unfamiliarity with this aspect of light that also makes people think it is a difficult subject, yet the basis is extremely simple. When these misconceptions are overcome, the phenomena associated with polarization are found to be important throughout science and technology, from physics, astronomy, natural history, geology, chemistry, and several branches of engineering to crafts such as glass-blowing and jewelry. Polarized light also involves some very beautiful effects, most of which are easy to demonstrate. Enriching our perception of the world, this book addresses these misconceptions and provides a framework for applications. It covers wave alignment and crystals as well as various phenomena such as scattering and reflection.

Author : G. P. Konnen
Publisher : CUP Archive
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1985-09-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521258626

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Polarized Light in Nature by G. P. Konnen Pdf

Author : J. David Pye
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2001-02-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0750306734

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Polarised Light in Science and Nature by J. David Pye Pdf

We humans cannot see when light is polarized and this leads to unfortunate misapprehensions about this aspect of nature. Even scientists who should know better often assume that it is an obscure topic of specialized interest in only a few rather isolated areas. In fact, it is a universal feature of our world and most natural light is at least partially polarized. In the animal kingdom, insects and other animals exploit such natural polarization in some fascinating ways since they do not share this human deficiency and can both detect and analyze polarization. It may be our unfamiliarity with this aspect of light that also makes people think it is a difficult subject, yet the basis is extremely simple. When these misconceptions are overcome, the phenomena associated with polarization are found to be important throughout science and technology, from physics, astronomy, natural history, geology, chemistry, and several branches of engineering to crafts such as glass-blowing and jewelry. Polarized light also involves some very beautiful effects, most of which are easy to demonstrate. Enriching our perception of the world, this book addresses these misconceptions and provides a framework for applications. It covers wave alignment and crystals as well as various phenomena such as scattering and reflection.

Author : Gábor Horváth,Dezsö Varju
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662093870

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Polarized Light in Animal Vision by Gábor Horváth,Dezsö Varju Pdf

The subject of this volume is two-fold. First, it gathers typical polarization patterns occurring in nature. Second, it surveys the polarization-sensitive ani mals, the physiological mechanisms and biological functions of polarization sensitivity as weIl as the polarization-guided behaviour in animals. The monograph is prepared for biologists, physicists and meteorologists, espe cially for experts of atmospheric optics and animal vision, who wish to under stand and reveal the message hidden in polarization patterns of the optical environment not directly accessible to the human visual system, but measur able by polarimetry and perceived by many animals. Our volume is an attempt to build a bridge between these two physical and biological flelds. In Part I we introduce the reader to the elements of imaging polarimetry. This technique can be efflciently used, e. g. in atmospheric optics, remote sens ing and biology. In Part 11 we deal with typical polarization patterns of the natural optical environment. Sunrise/sunset, clear skies, cloudy skies, moonshine and total solar eclipses all mean quite different illumination conditions, wh ich also affect the spatial distribution and strength of celestial polarization. We pre sent the polarization patterns of the sky and its unpolarized (neutral) points under sunlit, moonlit, clear, cloudy and eclipsed conditions as a function of solar elevation. The polarization pattern of a rainbow is also shown. That part of the spectrum is derived in which perception of skylight polarization is optimal under partly cloudy skies.

Author : David S. Kliger,James W. Lewis
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780080571041

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Polarized Light in Optics and Spectroscopy by David S. Kliger,James W. Lewis Pdf

This comprehensive introduction to polarized light provides students and researchers with the background and the specialized knowledge needed to fully utilize polarized light. It provides a basic introduction to the interaction of light with matter for those unfamiliar with photochemistry and photophysics. An in-depth discussion of polarizing optics is also given. Different analytical techniques are introduced and compared and introductions to the use of polarized light in various forms of spectroscopy are provided. Key Features * Starts at a basic level and develops tools for research problems * Discusses practical devices for controlling polarized light * Compares the Jones, Mueller, and Poincaré sphere methods of analysis

Author : Gábor Horváth
Publisher : Springer
Page : 649 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2014-10-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642547188

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Polarized Light and Polarization Vision in Animal Sciences by Gábor Horváth Pdf

This book covers advances made since the 2004 Springer volume “Polarized Light in Animal Vision” edited by Horvath and Varju, but also provides reviews and synopses of some areas. Part I examines polarization sensitivity across many animal taxa including vertebrates and invertebrates and details both terrestrial and aquatic life. Part II is devoted to the description of polarized light in nature and explores how the physics of light must be taken into account when understanding how polarized light is detected by the visual system. This includes underwater polarization due to scattering; polarization patterns reflected from freshwater bodies; polarization characteristics of forest canopies; normal and anomalous polarization patterns of the skies; skylight polarization transmitted through Snell’s window and both linearly and circularly polarized signals produced by terrestrial and aquatic animals. This Part also examines polarized “light pollution” induced by anthropogenic factors such as reflection off asphalt surfaces, glass panes, car bodies, and other man-made structures that are now known to form ecological traps for polarotactic insects. Part III surveys some of the practical applications of polarization vision including polarization-based traps for biting insects, ground-based polarimetric cloud detectors and an historical examination of the navigational abilities of Viking seafarers using the sky polarization compass. The deterrent qualities of ungulate pelage to polarization-sensitive biting insects is also examined in this section.

Author : Dennis H. Goldstein
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 809 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2017-12-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781439830413

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Polarized Light by Dennis H. Goldstein Pdf

Polarized light is a pervasive influence in our world—and scientists and engineers in a variety of fields require the tools to understand, measure, and apply it to their advantage. Offering an in-depth examination of the subject and a description of its applications, Polarized Light, Third Edition serves as a comprehensive self-study tool complete with an extensive mathematical analysis of the Mueller matrix and coverage of Maxwell’s equations. Links Historical Developments to Current Applications and Future Innovations This book starts with a general description of light and continues with a complete exploration of polarized light, including how it is produced and its practical applications. The author incorporates basic topics, such as polarization by refraction and reflection, polarization elements, anisotropic materials, polarization formalisms (Mueller–Stokes and Jones) and associated mathematics, and polarimetry, or the science of polarization measurement. New to the Third Edition: A new introductory chapter Chapters on: polarized light in nature, and form birefringence A review of the history of polarized light, and a chapter on the interference laws of Fresnel and Arago—both completely re-written A new appendix on conventions used in polarized light New graphics, and black-and-white photos and color plates Divided into four parts, this book covers the fundamental concepts and theoretical framework of polarized light. Next, it thoroughly explores the science of polarimetry, followed by discussion of polarized light applications. The author concludes by discussing how our polarized light framework is applied to physics concepts, such as accelerating charges and quantum systems. Building on the solid foundation of the first two editions, this book reorganizes and updates existing material on fundamentals, theory, polarimetry, and applications. It adds new chapters, graphics, and color photos, as well as a new appendix on conventions used in polarized light. As a result, the author has re-established this book’s lofty status in the pantheon of literature on this important field.

Author : D. N. Clarke,J.F. Grainger
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483159256

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Polarized Light and Optical Measurement by D. N. Clarke,J.F. Grainger Pdf

Polarized Light and Optical Measurement is a five-chapter book that begins with a self-consistent conceptual picture of the phenomenon of polarization. Chapter 2 describes a number of interactions of light and matter used in devising optical elements in polarization studies. Specific optical elements are given in Chapter 3. The last two chapters explore the measurement of the state of polarization and the various roles played in optical instrumentation by polarization and polarization-sensitive elements. This book will provide useful information in this field of interest for research workers, postgraduate students, as well as undergraduate students.

Author : Edward Collett
Publisher : Society of Photo Optical
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Science
ISBN : 0819458686

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Field Guide to Polarization by Edward Collett Pdf

The polarization of light is one of the most remarkable phenomena in nature and has led to numerous discoveries and applications. The nature and mathematical formulation of unpolarized light and partially polarized light were not readily forthcoming until the 1950s, when questions about polarized light and the mathematical tools to deal with it began to be addressed in earnest. As a result, there is a very good understanding of polarized light today. The primary objective of this guide is to provide an introduction to the developments in polarized light that have taken place over the past half-century, and present the most salient topics of the subject matter such as Mueller matrices, Stokes polarization parameters, and Jones matrices.

Author : Jerome J. Wolken
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1995-02-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780195050028

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Light Detectors, Photoreceptors, and Imaging Systems in Nature by Jerome J. Wolken Pdf

This comparative survey of how animals detect light and image in their world includes discussions of photoreceptors, light emitters and optics. It focuses on the evolution of different types of optical systems, describing how these systems have developed into more complex designs.

Author : Charles Woodward
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2008-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1436726646

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A Familiar Introduction to the Study of Polarized Light (1861) by Charles Woodward Pdf

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

Author : William Spottiswoode
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1874
Category : Polarization (Light).
ISBN : UOM:39015064378238

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Polarisation of Light by William Spottiswoode Pdf

This book contains the substance of lectures on polarized light in the hope that they inspire interest in the study of optics.

Author : Sönke Johnsen
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691139913

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The Optics of Life by Sönke Johnsen Pdf

Optics--a field of physics focusing on the study of light--is also central to many areas of biology, including vision, ecology, botany, animal behavior, neurobiology, and molecular biology. The Optics of Life introduces the fundamentals of optics to biologists and nonphysicists, giving them the tools they need to successfully incorporate optical measurements and principles into their research. Sönke Johnsen starts with the basics, describing the properties of light and the units and geometry of measurement. He then explores how light is created and propagates and how it interacts with matter, covering topics such as absorption, scattering, fluorescence, and polarization. Johnsen also provides a tutorial on how to measure light as well as an informative discussion of quantum mechanics. The Optics of Life features a host of examples drawn from nature and everyday life, and several appendixes that offer further practical guidance for researchers. This concise book uses a minimum of equations and jargon, explaining the basic physics of light in a succinct and lively manner. It is the essential primer for working biologists and for anyone seeking an accessible introduction to optics.

Author : OpenStax
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 622 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 1680920456

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University Physics by OpenStax Pdf

University Physics is a three-volume collection that meets the scope and sequence requirements for two- and three-semester calculus-based physics courses. Volume 1 covers mechanics, sound, oscillations, and waves. Volume 2 covers thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, and Volume 3 covers optics and modern physics. This textbook emphasizes connections between between theory and application, making physics concepts interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. Frequent, strong examples focus on how to approach a problem, how to work with the equations, and how to check and generalize the result. The text and images in this textbook are grayscale.

Author : Richard Potter (M.A.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1859
Category : Electronic
ISBN : BL:A0026605152

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Physical Optics, Or the Nature and Properties of Light by Richard Potter (M.A.) Pdf