Policy Metamorphosis In China

Author : Xiaojiong Ding,丁笑炯
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2017-01-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1361441801

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Policy Metamorphosis in China by Xiaojiong Ding,丁笑炯 Pdf

This dissertation, "Policy Metamorphosis in China: a Case Study of Minban Education in Shanghai" by Xiaojiong, Ding, 丁笑炯, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Policy Metamorphosis in China: A Case Study of Minban Education in Shanghai submitted by Ding Xiaojiong for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in 2006 By taking minban education at the level of basic education in Shanghai as an example, this research studies the processes of policy implementation in mainland China. The ultimate purpose is to find out the structural factors that induce discrepancies between policy intentions and implementation outcomes. Based on 65 interviews conducted during 2001 and 2004 and inspired by Michel Foucault's conception of governmentality, the research analyzes two episodes in which policies on minban education have been metamorphosed during implementation. Whilst in the first episode involving student admission and fee charging, policy metamorphosis by district-level governments has been more or less covered in disguised forms, in the second episode of converted schools, it has been overt and direct. The research then proposes three moduses of policy implementation, and the Model of Structural Fracturation is advanced as the prevailing modus of policy implementation in contemporary China. The model argues that policy metamorphosis during implementation is not something random; in contrast, it is determined by structural factors that no single policy actor can manipulate. The pyramid of Chinese politics is a loose construction, with vertical and horizontal fracturations between different layers. Vertically, the traditional chain of command is loose in nature; horizontally, policy actors at different levels act according to different agendas. The model highlights the fact that governments at the county/district level are remote from and beyond the control of the Central Government and the provinces. They deserve more attention than they have received. Contrary to Western perspectives which regard the structural fracturation in the Chinese polity as dangerous for national stability and unity, this research takes the fracturation as an important and delicate element of the Chinese mode of governmentality, and suggests that the very strength of the state lies in its capacity to tolerate local deviation and to embrace it into national institutions. (302 words) DOI: 10.5353/th_b3739232 Subjects: Private schools - Political aspects - China Schools - Decentralization - China

Author : Xiaojiong Ding
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2011-12-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780739171868

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Policy Metamorphosis in China by Xiaojiong Ding Pdf

China has been experiencing great economic and social changes since the late 1970s when the Reform and Opening-Up policies were accepted. While some Sinologists argue that such changes have made the Chinese structure of authority fragmented and discrepant, and have weakened the directive power of the Central Government, a few others emphasize that despite a certain degree of economic decentralization and segmentation of public power, the Central Government has been seeking ways to hold the nation together. Consequently, while the former argue that due to the centrifugal nature of the political system, policy implementation is bound to deviate from the route specified by the Central Government, the latter hold that national policies are carried out faithfully, with minor deviations only in certain circumstances. This book studies the processes of policy implementation in contemporary mainland China by taking minban/private education at the level of basic education in Shanghai as an example. Based on 65 interviews conducted during 2001 and 2004, three moduses of policy implementation are proposed, and the Model of Structural Fracturation is advanced as the prevailing modus of policy implementation in contemporary China. The model argues that policy metamorphosis during implementation is not something random; in contrast, it is determined by structural factors that no single policy actor can manipulate. The pyramid of Chinese politics is a loose construction, with vertical and horizontal fracturations between different layers. The model highlights the fact that governments at the county/district level are remote from and beyond the control of the Central Government and the provinces. They deserve more attention than they have received. Contrary to Western perspectives which regard the structural fracturation in the Chinese polity as dangerous for national stability and unity, this book takes the fracturation as an important and delicate element of the Chinese mode of governance, and suggests that the very strength of the state lies in its capacity to tolerate local deviation and to embrace it into national institutions.

Author : Cheng Li
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780815739104

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Middle Class Shanghai by Cheng Li Pdf

The United States may be headed toward a disastrous conflict with China unless Washington updates its understanding of contemporary Chinese society After four decades of engagement, the United States and China now appear to be locked on a collision course that has already fomented a trade war, seems likely to produce a new cold war, and could even result in dangerous military conflict. The current deterioration of the bilateral relationship is the culmination of years of disputes, disillusionment, disappointment, and distrust between the two countries. Washington has legitimate concerns about Beijing's excessive domestic political control and aggressive foreign policy stances, just as Chinese leaders believe the United States still has futile designs on blocking their country's inevitable rise to great-power status. Cheng Li's Middle Class Shanghai argues that American policymakers must not lose sight of the expansive dynamism and diversity in present-day China. The caricature of the PRC as a monolithic Communist apparatus set on exporting its ideology and development model is simplistic and misguided. Drawing on empirical research in the realms of higher education, avant-garde art, architecture, and law, this unique study highlights the strong, constructive impact of bilateral exchanges. Combining eclectic human stories with striking new data analysis, this book addresses the possibility that the development of China's class structure and cosmopolitan culture—exemplified and led by Shanghai—could provide a force for reshaping U.S.-China engagement. Both countries should build upon the deep cultural and educational exchanges that have bound them together for decades. The author concludes that U.S. policymakers should neither underestimate the role and strength of the Chinese middle class, nor ostracize or alienate this force with policies that push it toward jingoistic nationalism to the detriment of both countries and the global community. With its unique focus, this book will enlighten policymakers, scholars, business leaders, and anyone interested in China and its increasingly fraught relations with the United States.

Author : Tiang Boon Hoo
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317242666

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Chinese Foreign Policy Under Xi by Tiang Boon Hoo Pdf

There has been a discernable calibration of Chinese foreign policy since the ascension of Xi Jinping to the top leadership positions in China. The operative term here is adjustment rather than renovation because there has not been a fundamental transformation of Chinese foreign policy or "setting up of a new kitchen" in foreign affairs. Several continuities in Chinese diplomacy are still evident. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has not wavered from its overarching strategy of rising through peaceful development. The PRC is still an active participant and leader in, or shaper of, global and regional regimes even as it continues to push for reforms of the extant order, towards an arrangement which it thinks will be less unjust and more equitable. It seeks to better "link up with the international track", perhaps even more so under Xi’s stewardship. Yet amidst these continuities, it is clear that there have been some profound shifts in China’s foreign policy. From the enunciation of strategic slogans such as the "Asian security concept" and "major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics"; the creation of the China-led and initiated Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank; the pursuit of Xi’s signature foreign policy initiative, the One Belt One Road; to a purportedly more assertive and resolute defense of China’s maritime territorial interests in East Asia—examples of these foreign policy calibrations (both patent and subtle) abound. In short, this has not been a complete metamorphosis but there are real changes, with important repercussions for China and the international system. The burning questions then are What, Where, How and Why: What are these key foreign policy adjustments? Where and how have these occurred in Chinese diplomacy? And what are the reasons or drivers that inform these changes? This book seeks to capture these changes. Featuring contributions from academics, think-tank intellectuals and policy practitioners, all engaged in the compelling business of China-watching, the book aims to shed more light on the calibrations that have animated China’s diplomacy under Xi, a leader who by most accounts is considered the most powerful Chinese numero uno since Deng Xiaoping.

Author : David Shambaugh
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199860159

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China Goes Global by David Shambaugh Pdf

Most global citizens are well aware of the explosive growth of the Chinese economy. Indeed, China has famously become the "workshop of the world." Yet, while China watchers have shed much light on the country's internal dynamics--China's politics, its vast social changes, and its economic development--few have focused on how this increasingly powerful nation has become more active and assertive throughout the world. In China Goes Global, eminent China scholar David Shambaugh delivers the book that many have been waiting for--a sweeping account of China's growing prominence on the international stage. Thirty years ago, China's role in global affairs beyond its immediate East Asian periphery was decidedly minor and it had little geostrategic power. Today however, China's expanding economic power has allowed it to extend its reach virtually everywhere--from mineral mines in Africa, to currency markets in the West, to oilfields in the Middle East, to agribusiness in Latin America, to the factories of East Asia. Shambaugh offers an enlightening look into the manifestations of China's global presence: its extensive commercial footprint, its growing military power, its increasing cultural influence or "soft power," its diplomatic activity, and its new prominence in global governance institutions. But Shambaugh is no alarmist. In this balanced and well-researched volume, he argues that China's global presence is more broad than deep and that China still lacks the influence befitting a major world power--what he terms a "partial power." He draws on his decades of China-watching and his deep knowledge of the subject, and exploits a wide variety of previously untapped sources, to shed valuable light on China's current and future roles in world affairs.

Author : Robert G. Sutter
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781538138304

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Chinese Foreign Relations by Robert G. Sutter Pdf

With new assertiveness and prominence, China under President Xi Jinping is rightly considered an emerging and aggressive superpower backed by growing economic and impressive military strength. In this meticulous and balanced assessment, Robert G. Sutter traces China’s actions under Xi Jinping, including the many challenges they post to the international status quo. He provides a comprehensive analysis of newly prominent Chinese unconventional levers of power and influence in foreign affairs that were previously disguised, hidden, denied or otherwise neglected or unappreciated by specialists. Sutter considers the domestic issues that preoccupy Beijing and the global factors economic and political factors that complicate and constrain as well as enhance China’s advance to international prominence.

Author : Shuqin Xu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-23
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789811016431

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School Leadership, Citizenship Education and Politics in China by Shuqin Xu Pdf

This book examines and theorizes the dynamics and complexities of leadership in citizenship education in junior secondary schools in Shanghai, China. Specifically, it examines from a macro- and micro-political theoretical perspective the interactions between principals and school party secretaries (SPSs), and how they respond to the demands of macro- and micro-political actors. This qualitative empirical research found four major school leadership/citizenship education scenarios in which principals and SPSs addressed the interests of different macro- and micro-political actors. Moreover, principals and SPSs enjoyed a complicated working relationship at the micro-political (school) level in which they collaborated to fulfill their responsibilities and respond to school macro- and micro-political actors, while competing for power over leadership in citizenship education. Principals’ and SPSs’ leadership in citizenship education was shaped by inter-related factors, including diverse influences in a multi-leveled world, the integration of politics and education, the demands of macro- and micro-political actors, and personal factors. To interpret these findings, this study proposes a theoretical framework for understanding leadership in citizenship education in China as a political exercise. This theoretical framework is useful for understanding the complexity of school and citizenship education leadership, the micro-political relationship between Chinese principals and SPSs, and their dynamic and complex interactions with macro- and micro-political actors.

Author : Katja Levy,Knut B. Pissler
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781788115070

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Charity with Chinese Characteristics by Katja Levy,Knut B. Pissler Pdf

This thought-provoking book explores the functions of charitable foundations in the People's Republic of China. Using both empirical fieldwork and extensive textual analysis, it examines the role of foundations in Chinese society and their relationship with the Chinese government, and provides a new, functional perspective on the role of foundations, complementing mainstream civil society and corporatist perspectives.

Author : Alaba Ogunsanwo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1974-07-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780521201261

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China's Policy in Africa 1958-71 by Alaba Ogunsanwo Pdf

Monograph examining the role of China foreign policy in Africa from 1958 to 1971 - traces the evolution of Chinese diplomacy, discusses conflicts with the USA and the USSR, considers China's attitude towards international relations, describes economic aid and trade programmes, and analyses Chinese political ideology and the efforts undertaken to encourage revolutionary social change, etc. Bibliography pp. 287 to 291, references and statistical tables.

Author : Hsin-chi Kuan,Maurice Brosseau
Publisher : Chinese University Press
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : History
ISBN : 9622015131

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China Review by Hsin-chi Kuan,Maurice Brosseau Pdf

Author : Yan Wang
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-16
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783662595152

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Paradigm Shift of Education Governance in China by Yan Wang Pdf

The book addresses the paradigm shift in education governance in China through a study of two legislation episodes in China: the 1986 Compulsory Education Law and the 2006 Compulsory Education Law Amendment. The research began with two broad questions: how was the Compulsory Education Law made and amended? Why was it made and amended? Using ethnographic interviews and documentary analysis as the main research methods, more specific questions on both legislative processes were delved into as the research evolved: What were the driving forces behind the 1986 and 2006 legislation? What values of compulsory education were assumed in their central decisions? What was the institutional rationale underpinning them? Data was collected through ethnographic interviews with key informants involved in the policymaking process. The research findings were analyzed and presented on the basis of narration analysis. The policymaking process of the legislation was then analyzed from three paradigms: agenda-setting, decision-making and organizational behavior. Finally, by examining the results of the previous stages of analysis, and further comparing the two cases, the research arrived at a theoretical framework for education governance that embraces three essential elements: political ideology, perceived value of education, and institutional rationale. A thorough analysis of the two legislative processes identified that the political ideology ‒ which shifted from efficiency-oriented economic well-being to equity-oriented social cohesion ‒ steered the agenda-setting of the compulsory education legislation. The perceived value of education reflects the role that education plays in development, changing from economic value to social value. The institutional rationale essentially determines strategies by which compulsory education materializes, with a variance from governing by goal and mobilization to governing by accountability and regulation. In conclusion, education governance in China witnessed a paradigm shift from “economic instrumentalism” to “social rationalism” between mid-1980s and 2006.

Author : Edward Vickers,Zeng Xiaodong
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017-06-26
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781351719735

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Education and Society in Post-Mao China by Edward Vickers,Zeng Xiaodong Pdf

The post-Mao period has witnessed rapid social and economic transformation in all walks of Chinese life – much of it fuelled by, or reflected in, changes to the country’s education system. This book analyses the development of that system since the abandonment of radical Maoism and the inauguration of ‘Reform and Opening’ in the late 1970s. The principal focus is on formal education in schools and conventional institutions of tertiary education, but there is also some discussion of preschools, vocational training, and learning in non-formal contexts. The book begins with a discussion of the historical and comparative context for evaluating China’s educational ‘achievements’, followed by an extensive discussion of the key transitions in education policymaking during the ‘Reform and Opening’ period. This informs the subsequent examination of changes affecting the different phases of education from preschool to tertiary level. There are also chapters dealing specifically with the financing and administration of schooling, curriculum development, the public examinations system, the teaching profession, the phenomenon of marketisation, and the ‘international dimension’ of Chinese education. The book concludes with an assessment of the social consequences of educational change in the post-Mao era and a critical discussion of the recent fashion in certain Western countries for hailing China as an educational model. The analysis is supported by a wealth of sources – primary and secondary, textual and statistical – and is informed by both authors’ wide-ranging experience of Chinese education. As the first monograph on China's educational development during the forty years of the post-Mao era, this book will be essential reading for all those seeking to understand the world’s largest education system. It will also be crucial reference for educational comparativists, and for scholars from various disciplinary backgrounds researching contemporary Chinese society.

Author : Wangbei Ye
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014-04-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780739175484

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Power and Moral Education in China by Wangbei Ye Pdf

Chinese moral education reform in the last three decades represents the most significant decentralization of decision-making power since the foundation of People’s Republic of China in 1949. On one hand, it shows how de-politicized China’s moral education curriculum has become following the introduction of China’s “Open-door” policy and economic reforms and the resultant social transformations. On the other hand, it reveals persistent problems in moral education caused by political stresses and tight state control. To explain these tensions, Power and Moral Education in China analyzes the characteristics of power relationships in school moral education curriculum goal-setting, content and pedagogy selection, and implementation. The ultimate purpose is to identify not only what factors impact Chinese moral education curriculum decision-making at the school level, but also how and why. Through a multiple case study conducted during 2008 in three schools in Shenzhen City, and based on four major data collection instruments (observation, interview, questionnaire, and document review), Wangbei Ye analyzes how power relationships have evolved in school moral education, and how and why school power affects school moral education. Contrary to the common belief that Chinese schools are passively impacted by external forces in moral education curriculum development, this book suggests that school power is a “semi-emancipatory relationship” that acts as a major force shaping moral education. This means that although both the Chinese Communist Party and the state are positioned to control schools and moral education, schools nonetheless have the power to either negotiate for more influence, or partly emancipate themselves by collaborating with other external forces, responding to grass-root needs, empowering school teachers and adjusting internal school management style. This helps to explain the influence of Chinese schools in moral education and suggests a broader theory of power relationships in curriculum.

Author : Wang Xi
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-11
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781498514316

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The Discursive Construction of Intercultural Understanding in China by Wang Xi Pdf

This book represents an ethnographic study of an International Baccalaureate Diploma Program in a school in mainland China, serving Chinese students and staffed by teachers from a variety of origins. It offers in-depth descriptions of the way in which students, teachers, and managers interact and communicate with one another in a variety of school activities. Through the communication process, cultural experiences and understandings are negotiated constantly among school participants. The ethnographic study also has a critical intention. Going beyond description, the author discusses the extent to which networks of social relationships in the case are imbued by asymmetries in power, and how this leads to people’s inability, unwillingness, and unawareness to interact with those from different cultural backgrounds. As research findings reveal, where the construction of meaning is less equally available to each participant, prejudice and exclusiveness are more likely to be assumed, impeding individuals’ intercultural learning. The key is to empower those less privileged, giving them legitimacy to come to voice in an institutional context on the one hand, and protecting their reflections on hegemonic discourse meticulously on the other hand. Since the research explores the complexities and subtleties of the communication process that are bound to particular contexts, like most ethnographic studies, it aims at adding a body of experience and humanistic understanding of cultures, rather than testing theories. Although the IB Program being studied can hardly be representative of the overall development of international education in China, the detailed description of contextual issues of the case and the research procedures could facilitate the readers to vicariously experience these events, thus they can make their own decisions about the transferability of the research to their own unique situations.

Author : Karen Eggleston,John D. Donahue,Richard J. Zeckhauser
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108837071

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The Dragon and the Eagle by Karen Eggleston,John D. Donahue,Richard J. Zeckhauser Pdf

This comparative study allows decision-makers to understand and use public-private collaboration to achieve governance goals.