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Author : Maria Lorena Cook
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780271045481
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Labor policy
ISBN : 0271049138
Author : Paul W. Posner,Viviana Patroni,Jean François Mayer
Publisher : University Press of Florida
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2018-08-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9781683400561
In recent decades, Latin American countries have sought to modernize their labor market institutions to remain competitive in the face of increasing globalization. This book evaluates the impact of such neoliberal reforms on labor movements and workers’ rights in the region through comparative analyses of labor politics in Chile, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela. Using these five key cases, the authors assess the capacity of workers and working-class organizations to advance their demands and bring about a more just distribution of economic gains in an era in which capital has reasserted its power on a global scale. In particular, their findings challenge the purported benefits of labor market flexibility—the freedom of employers to adjust their workforces as needed—which has been touted as a way to reduce income inequality and unemployment. In-depth case studies show how flexibilization as well as privatization, trade liberalization, and economic deregulation have undermined organized labor in all of these countries, leading to the current internal fragmentation of unions and their inability to promote counterreforms or increase collective bargaining. This assessment concludes that even with substantial variation among countries in how reforms have been implemented, most workers in the region have experienced increasing precarity, informal employment, and weaker labor movements. This book provides vital insights into whether these movements have the potential to regain influence and represent working people’s interests effectively in the future.
Author : Matthew E. Carnes
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2014-08-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9780804792424
As the dust settles on nearly three decades of economic reform in Latin America, one of the most fundamental economic policy areas has changed far less than expected: labor regulation. To date, Latin America's labor laws remain both rigidly protective and remarkably diverse. Continuity Despite Change develops a new theoretical framework for understanding labor laws and their change through time, beginning by conceptualizing labor laws as comprehensive systems or "regimes." In this context, Matthew Carnes demonstrates that the reform measures introduced in the 1980s and 1990s have only marginally modified the labor laws from decades earlier. To explain this continuity, he argues that labor law development is constrained by long-term economic conditions and labor market institutions. He points specifically to two key factors—the distribution of worker skill levels and the organizational capacity of workers. Carnes presents cross-national statistical evidence from the eighteen major Latin American economies to show that the theory holds for the decades from the 1980s to the 2000s, a period in which many countries grappled with proposed changes to their labor laws. He then offers theoretically grounded narratives to explain the different labor law configurations and reform paths of Chile, Peru, and Argentina. His findings push for a rethinking of the impact of globalization on labor regulation, as economic and political institutions governing labor have proven to be more resilient than earlier studies have suggested.
Author : Maria Victoria Murillo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2001-05-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521785553
Why labor unions resisted and submitted during the economic crises of the 1990s.
Author : Eduardo Silva,Federico Rossi
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780822983101
Neoliberalism changed the face of Latin America and left average citizens struggling to cope in many ways. Popular sectors were especially hard hit as wages declined and unemployment increased. The backlash to neoliberalism in the form of popular protest and electoral mobilization opened space for leftist governments to emerge. The turn to left governments raised popular expectations for a second wave of incorporation. Although a growing literature has analyzed many aspects of left governments, there is no study of how the redefinition of the organized popular sectors, their allies, and their struggles have reshaped the political arena to include their interests—until now. This volume examines the role played in the second wave of incorporation by political parties, trade unions, and social movements in five cases: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The cases shed new light on a subject critical to understanding the change in the distribution of political power related to popular sectors and their interests—a key issue in the study of postneoliberalism.
Author : Merike Blofield
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780271058894
Despite constitutions that enshrine equality, until recently every state in Latin America permitted longer working hours (in some cases more than double the hours) and lower benefits for domestic workers than other workers. This has, in effect, subsidized a cheap labor force for middle- and upper-class families and enabled well-to-do women to enter professional labor markets without having to negotiate household and care work with their male partners. While elite resistance to reform has been widespread, during the past fifteen years a handful of countries have instituted equal rights. In Care Work and Class, Merike Blofield examines how domestic workers’ mobilization, strategic alliances, and political windows of opportunity, mostly linked to left-wing executive and legislative allies, can lead to improved rights even in a region as unequal as Latin America. Blofield also examines the conditions that lead to better enforcement of rights.
Author : Joseph S. Tulchin,Allison M. Garland
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1555878431
This volume provides a wide-ranging analysis of social welfare reform in Latin America, examining in particular the politics involved in implementing difficult and controversial social policies that often pit the middle strata of society, represented by powerful stakeholders, against the poor.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1995-01-01
Category : Caribbean Area
ISBN : 0821333488
Over the past decade, most countries in the Latin America and Caribbean Region have stabilized their economies and lowered barriers to international trade. Many of the policies aimed at reducing poverty and tackling inequality in the 1960-1980 period were well intentioned, but the region made little or no progress in improving income distribution. With the recent shift toward market orientation and openness to international trade, these countries will need a new approach to labor policy as well as different instruments for addressing income distribution goals. This report gives special attention to four areas of labor policy: 1) change from direct government intervention in wage determination and strict seniority rules to a system that rewards effort, high productivity, and good management within a framework that relies on voluntary negotiation of working conditions between workers and firms; 2) replacement of job security legislation by a more effective mechanism that protects workers when they change jobs; 3) careful design of mandatory contributions to social security and other programs in order to minimize the distortionary effect of labor taxes; and 4) redirecting of government subsidies for training and education to the demand side and targeting to those who cannot afford to pay.
Author : Victor Alba,Víctor Alba
Publisher : Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Labor and laboring classes
ISBN : 0804701938
Author : Ruth Berins Collier,David Collier
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 908 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105111885450
This book is a disciplined, paired comparison of the eight Latin American countries with the longest history of urban commercial and industrial development - Brazil and Chile, Mexico and Venezuela, Uruguay and Colombia, Argentina and Peru. The authors show how and why state party responses to the emergence of an organized working class have been crucial in shaping political coalitions, party systems, patterns of stability or conflict and the broad contours of regimes and their changes. The argument is complex yet clear, the analysis systematic yet nuanced. The focus is on autonomous political variables within particular socioeconomic contexts, the treatment of which is lengthy but rewarding.... Overall, a path-breaking volume. - Foreign Affairs Excellent comparative-historical analysis of eight countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela) focuses on emergence of different forms of control and mobilization of the labor movement. By concentrating on alternative strategies of the State in shaping the labor movement, authors are able to explain different trajectories of national political change in countries with longest history of urban, commerc
Author : Carol Graham,Merilee Grindle,Eduardo Lora,Jessica Seddon Wallack
Publisher : Inter-American Development Bank
Page : 53 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1999-01-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
This monograph is part of a larger investigation of the political economy of institutional reform in Latin America undertaken by the Latin American Research Network. It examines some hypotheses about what can be done to improve the chances for successful institutional change. It draws on the results of four case studies (Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, and Uruguay) to identify the characteristics of successful reforms and provide recommendations for policymakers who seek to improve their countries' institutions.
Author : Graciela Irma Bensusán Areous,Kevin J. Middlebrook
Publisher : University of London Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Labor movement
ISBN : 0956754929
As a consequence of market-oriented reforms and historic shifts in government policy toward labor, the Mexican organized labor movement has declined substantially in size, bargaining strength, and political influence since the 1980s. Democratization has expanded workers' choices at the ballot box, and some unions have bolstered their position by forging alliances with counterparts in Canada and the United States. By analyzing the changes, continuities, and contradictions characterizing labor politics in Mexico, this book contributes to a broader assessment of organized labor's role in contemporary Latin America. Democratization has had remarkably little impact on the state-labor relations regime institutionalized following the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920. This legal regime both underpins the position of unrepresentative union leaders and grants government officials extensive controls over labor organizations. The combination of weakened unions, unaccountable leaders, and strong government controls fundamentally constrains workers' capacity to defend their interests. This state of affairs--especially the failure to enact progressive labor law reform since democratic regime change in 2000--limits democracy and imposes heavy costs on society as a whole.
Author : William C. Smith,Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz
Publisher : University of Miami, North/South Center Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Economic stabilization
ISBN : UCSD:31822023746209
While regime transition and market-oriented reforms in Latin America have been the subjects of considerable academic research, most scholars have paid relatively little attention to the social impacts of economic restructuring. In contrast, this book contributes a systematic analysis of the impact of economic liberalism on Latin America's social and political life. The authors offer innovative theoretical and comparative explorations of changes in the social structure, as well as evolving patterns of social and political organization, including social movements, political parties, labor unions, and non-governmental organizations. This volume is an invaluable resource for all those concerned with the far-reaching consequences of economic and political transformation in Latin America.
Author : Sebastián Etchemendy
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139498470
This book aims to explain the variation in the models of economic liberalization across Ibero-America in the last quarter of the twentieth century, and the legacies they produced for the current organization of the political economies. Although the macroeconomics of effective market adjustment evolved in a similar way, the patterns of compensation delivered by neoliberal governments and the type of actors in business and the working class that benefited from them were remarkably different. Etchemendy argues that the most decisive factors that shape adjustment paths are the type of regime and the economic and organizational power with which business and labor emerged from the inward-oriented model. The analysis spans from the origins of state, business and labor industrial actors in the 1930s and 1940s to the politics of compensation under neoliberalism across the Ibero-American world, combined with extensive field work material on Spain, Argentina and Chile.