Polymer Properties At Room And Cryogenic Temperatures

Author : Gunther Hartwig
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781475762136

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Polymer Properties at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures by Gunther Hartwig Pdf

Most descriptions of polymers start at room temperature and end at the melting point. This textbook starts at very low temperatures and ends at room temperature. At low temperatures, may processes and relaxations are frozen which allows singular processes or separate relaxations to be studied. At room temperatures, or at the main glass transitions, many processes overlap and the properties are determined by relaxations. At low temperatures, there are temperature ranges with negligible influences by glass transitions. They can be used for investigating so-called basic properties which arise from principles of solid state physics. The chain structure of polymers, however, requires stringent modifications for establishing solid state physics of polymers. Several processes which are specific of polymers, occur only at low temperatures. There are also technological aspects for considering polymers at low temperatures. More and more applications of polymeric materials in low temperature technology appear. Some examples are thermal and electrical insulations, support elements for cryogenic devices, low-loss materials for high frequency equipments. It is hoped that, in addition to the scientific part, a data collection in the appendix may help to apply polymers more intensively in low temperature technology. The author greatly appreciates the contributions by his coworkers of the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe in measurement and discussion of many data presented in the textbook and its appendix. Fruitful disccussions with the colleagues Prof. H. Baur, Prof. S. Hunklinger, Prof. D. Munz and Prof. R.

Author : Susheel Kalia,Shao-Yun Fu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642353352

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Polymers at Cryogenic Temperatures by Susheel Kalia,Shao-Yun Fu Pdf

Kalia and Fu's novel monograph covers cryogenic treatment, properties and applications of cryo-treated polymer materials. Written by numerous international experts, the twelve chapters in this book offer the reader a comprehensive picture of the latest findings and developments, as well as an outlook on the field. Cryogenic technology has seen remarkable progress in the past few years and especially cryogenic properties of polymers are attracting attention through new breakthroughs in space, superconducting, magnetic and electronic techniques. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, educators, engineers and graduate students in the field and at technical institutions.

Author : Tito T. Serafini,Jack L. Koenig
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Materials at low temperatures
ISBN : UCAL:B4144320

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Cryogenic Properties of Polymers by Tito T. Serafini,Jack L. Koenig Pdf

Author : Guglielmo Ventura,Mauro Perfetti
Publisher : Springer
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401789691

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Thermal Properties of Solids at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures by Guglielmo Ventura,Mauro Perfetti Pdf

The minimum temperature in the natural universe is 2.7 K. Laboratory refrigerators can reach temperatures in the microkelvin range. Modern industrial refrigerators cool foods at 200 K, whereas space mission payloads must be capable of working at temperatures as low as 20 K. Superconducting magnets used for NMR work at 4.2 K. Hence the properties of materials must be accurately known also at cryogenic temperatures. This book provides a guide for engineers, physicists, chemists, technicians who wish to approach the field of low-temperature material properties. The focus is on the thermal properties and a large spectrum of experimental cases is reported. The book presents updated tables of low-temperature data on materials and a thorough bibliography supplements any further research. Key Features include: ° Detailed technical description of experiments ° Description of the newest cryogenic apparatus ° Offers data on cryogenic properties of the latest new materials ° Current reference review

Author : A. F. Clark,Richard Reed,Gunther Hartwig
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461575221

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Nonmetallic Materials and Composites at Low Temperatures by A. F. Clark,Richard Reed,Gunther Hartwig Pdf

Cryogenics is an emerging technology filled with promises. Many cryogenic systems demand the use of nonmetallics and composites for adequate or increased performance. Thermal and electrical insulations, potting for superconducting magnets' mechanical sta bility, and composite structures appear to be some of the most significant applications. Research on nonmetallics at cryogenic temperatures has not progressed to the degree of research on metals. Nor can room temperature research be extrapolated to low tempera tures; most polymers undergo a phase transformation to the glassy state below room temperature. Research by producers, for the most part, has not been prac tical, because, except for LNG applications, the market for large material sales is not imminent. There are, however, many government stimulated developmental programs. Research on nonmetallics thus is dictated by development project needs, which require studies orien ted toward prototype hardware and specific objectives. As a result, research continuity suffers. Under these conditions, periodic topical conferences on this subject are needed. Industry and uni versity studies must be encouraged. Designers and project research material specialists need to exchange experiences and data. Low temperature-oriented research groups, such as the National Bureau of Standards and the Institute for Technical Physics - Karlsruhe, must contribute by assisting with fundamentals, interpreting proj ect data, and contributing to project programs through their materials research.

Author : I. Perepechko
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781483158006

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Low-Temperature Properties of Polymers by I. Perepechko Pdf

Low-Temperature Properties of Polymers systematizes the available materials on polymers. This book also describes the main trends in the investigation of interrelated properties of polymers, such as thermal (heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion), acoustical, dielectric, and viscoelastic, which maintain the physical properties of polymers at low temperatures. Comprised of nine chapters, this book first covers heat capacity of polymers at low temperature, and then tackles thermal conductivity of polymers at low temperatures. Chapter 3 discusses thermal expansion of polymers at low temperatures, and Chapter 4 tackles electrical properties of polymers at low temperatures. The fifth chapter covers nuclear magnetic resonance in polymers at low temperature, while the succeeding chapter encompasses dynamic mechanical properties of polymers at low temperatures. Chapter 7 concerns itself with the acoustical properties of polymers at low temperatures, while the succeeding chapter covers viscoelastic parameters of polymers at low temperatures. The closing chapter covers how to determine the thermophysical characteristics of polymers by acoustic measurement at helium temperature. This book will be of great interest to researchers or professionals whose line of work involves the manipulation and understanding of the properties of polymers.

Author : Liang Zhang
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1092 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2006-02-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 008048039X

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Proceedings of the Twentieth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference (ICEC20) by Liang Zhang Pdf

Proceedings of the 20th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference

Author : Guy Gistau Baguer,Peter Seyfert
Publisher : Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.
Page : 918 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Science
ISBN : 8173195080

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Proceedings of the 19th International Cryogenic Enginering Conference (ICEC 19) by Guy Gistau Baguer,Peter Seyfert Pdf

This volume documents the Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference, Grenoble, France, 2002 Comprising 7 plenary papers and 185 contributed papers and posters dealing with the latest developments in all aspects of Cryogenics. The areas covered include: Large Scale Refrigeration and liquefaction Cryogenic Hydrodynamics Large Cryogenic Systems HTS and LTS Superconductor Applications Cryogen Storage and Distribution Cryogenic Components and Machinery Air and Gas Separation and Purification Cryogenic Instrumentation and Process Control Cryocoolers Cryogenic for Medicine and Biology Superfluid Helium Material and Fluid Properties Aerospace Cryogenics Heat Transfer and Thermal Insulation

Author : T.H.K. Barron,G.K. White
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461546955

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Heat Capacity and Thermal Expansion at Low Temperatures by T.H.K. Barron,G.K. White Pdf

The birth of this monograph is partly due to the persistent efforts of the General Editor, Dr. Klaus Timmerhaus, to persuade the authors that they encapsulate their forty or fifty years of struggle with the thermal properties of materials into a book before they either expired or became totally senile. We recognize his wisdom in wanting a monograph which includes the closely linked properties of heat capacity and thermal expansion, to which we have added a little 'cement' in the form of elastic moduli. There seems to be a dearth of practitioners in these areas, particularly among physics postgraduate students, sometimes temporarily alleviated when a new generation of exciting materials are found, be they heavy fermion compounds, high temperature superconductors, or fullerenes. And yet the needs of the space industry, telecommunications, energy conservation, astronomy, medical imaging, etc. , place demands for more data and understanding of these properties for all classes of materials - metals, polymers, glasses, ceramics, and mixtures thereof. There have been many useful books, including Specific Heats at Low Tempera tures by E. S. Raja Gopal (1966) in this Plenum Cryogenic Monograph Series, but few if any that covered these related topics in one book in a fashion designed to help the cryogenic engineer and cryophysicist. We hope that the introductory chapter will widen the horizons of many without a solid state background but with a general interest in physics and materials.

Author : Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Richard P. Reed
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2007-11-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387468969

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Cryogenic Engineering by Klaus D. Timmerhaus,Richard P. Reed Pdf

This is a benchmark reference work on Cryogenic Engineering which chronicles the major developments in the field. Starting with an historical background, this book reviews the development of data resources now available for cryogenic fields and properties of materials. It presents the latest changes in cryopreservation and the advances over the past 50 years. The book also highlights an exceptional reference listing to provide referral to more details.

Author : J. G. Weisend II,G. Terence Meaden
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021-03-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030611996

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Going for Cold by J. G. Weisend II,G. Terence Meaden Pdf

This short but revealing biography tells the story of Kurt Mendelssohn FRS, one of the founding figures in the field of cryogenics, from his beginnings in Berlin through his move to Oxford in the 1930s, and his groundbreaking work in low temperature and solid state physics. He set up the first helium liquefier in the United Kingdom, and did fundamental research that increased our understanding of superconductivity and superfluid helium. Dr. Mendelssohn's vision extended beyond his scientific and technical achievements; he saw the potential for growth of cryogenics in industry, visiting China, Japan and India to forge global collaborations, founded the leading scientific journal in the field and established a conference series which still runs to this day. He published two monographs which remain as classics in the field. This book explores the story behind the science, in particular his relationships with other key figures in the cryogenics field, most notably Nicholas Kurti at Oxford, and his work outside cryogenics, including his novel ideas on the engineering of the pyramids.

Author : Sodagudi Francis Xavier
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1028 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-12-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119865056

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Thermoplastic Polymer Composites by Sodagudi Francis Xavier Pdf

THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER COMPOSITES The monograph represents a life-long career in industry and academia and creates an exhaustive and comprehensive narrative that gives a complete understanding of important and state-of-the-art aspects of polymer composites including processing, properties, performance, applications & recyclability. Based on 40 years’ experience in both industry and academia, the author’s goal is to make a comprehensive and up-to-date account that gives a complete understanding of various aspects of polymer composites covering processing, properties, performance, applications & recyclability. Divided into 8 main chapters, the book treats thermoplastics vs. thermosets and the processing of thermoplastics; filled polymer composites; short fiber reinforced composites; long fiber reinforced composites; continuous fiber reinforced composites; nanocomposites; applications; and recycling polymer composites. Readers can have confidence that: Thermoplastic Polymer Composites (TPC) gives a comprehensive understanding of polymer composites’ processing, properties, applications, and their recyclability; Provides a complete understanding of man-made as well as natural fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and explores in depth how short fiber, long fiber, and continuous fiber can transform the entire domain of composites’ processing and properties; Provides a deep understanding of nanocomposites with more than 50 examples covering both commodities as well as engineering thermoplastics. It presents conducting composites and several bio-medical applications of composites that are already passed through laboratories. Audience This unique reference book will be of great value to researchers and postgraduate students in materials science, polymer science, as well industry engineers in plastics manufacturing. Those working in product development laboratories of polymer and allied industries will also find it helpful.

Author : Leonard T. Summers
Publisher : Springer
Page : 1456 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781475790597

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Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials by Leonard T. Summers Pdf

The 1995 International Cryogenic Materials Conference (lCMC) was held at the Greater Columbus Convention Center in Columbus, Ohio, in conjunction with the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) on July 17-21. The interdependent subjects of the two conferences attracted more than eight hundred participants, who came to share the latest advances in low-temperature materials science and technology. They also came for the important by products of the conferences: identification of new research areas, of collaborative research possibilities, and the establishment and renewal of exploration professional relationships. Ted Collings (Ohio State University), as Chairmen of the 1995 ICMC; Ted Hartwig (Texas A&M University), as Program Chairman; and twenty-one other Program Committee members expertly arranged the ICMC technical sessions and related activities. The contributions of the CEC board and its Conference Chairman James B. Peeples of CVI, Inc., were central to the success of the eleventh CEC/ICMC. Jeff Bergen of Lake Shore Cryogenics served as Exhibits Chairman. Local arrangements and conference management were expertly handled under the guidance of Centennial Conferences, Inc. Skillful assistance with editing and preparation ofthese proceedings was provided by Ms. Vicky Bardos ofSynchrony, Inc.

Author : Guglielmo Ventura,Lara Risegari
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080554365

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The Art of Cryogenics by Guglielmo Ventura,Lara Risegari Pdf

Cryogenics is the study of low temperature interactions - temperatures well below those existing in the natural universe. The book covers a large spectrum of experimental cases, including basic vacuum techniques, indispensable in cryogenics. Guidance in solving experimental problems and numerous numerical examples are given, as are examples of the applications of cryogenics in such areas as underground detectors and space applications. Updated tables of low-temperature data on materials are also presented, and the book is supplemented with a rich bibliography. Researchers (graduate and above) in the fields of physics, engineering and chemistry with an interest in the technology and applications of low-temperature measurements, will find this book invaluable. Experiments described in technical detail Description of newest cryogenic apparatus Applications in multidisciplinary areas Data on cryogenic properties of new materials Current reference review

Author : Ferdinand Rodriguez,Claude Cohen,Christopher K. Ober,Lynden Archer
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 796 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2014-12-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781482223798

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Principles of Polymer Systems by Ferdinand Rodriguez,Claude Cohen,Christopher K. Ober,Lynden Archer Pdf

Maintaining a balance between depth and breadth, the Sixth Edition of Principles of Polymer Systems continues to present an integrated approach to polymer science and engineering. A classic text in the field, the new edition offers a comprehensive exploration of polymers at a level geared toward upper-level undergraduates and beginning graduate stu