Premises And Conclusions

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Premises and Conclusions

Robert E. Rodes (Jr.),Howard Pospesel
Premises and Conclusions Book PDF

Author : Robert E. Rodes (Jr.),Howard Pospesel
Publisher : Pearson
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Education
ISBN : STANFORD:36105060124109

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Premises and Conclusions by Robert E. Rodes (Jr.),Howard Pospesel Pdf

This solidly written book explains the elements of contemporary symbolic logic, and examines the ways in which it illuminates the structure of legal reasoning and clarifies various legal problems. Offering a clear and succinct presentation of standard propositional and predicate logic, it presents the elements of standard logic and applies those techniques to legal materials. It covers the use of standard logic in legal argument, including the denial or distinguishing of premises and the rules of pleading, and makes extensive use of legal materials, cases and statutes, in both examples and exercises. Readers are also given strategies for handling major legal problems in standard logic, including ways for treating conditions contrary to fact, necessary and sufficient conditions, result within the risk, and intent. For logicians and philosophers of law.

Understanding Philosophy of Science

James Ladyman
Understanding Philosophy of Science Book PDF

Author : James Ladyman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0415221560

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Understanding Philosophy of Science by James Ladyman Pdf

Few can imagine a world without telephones or televisions; many depend on computers and the Internet as part of daily life. Without scientific theory, these developments would not have been possible. In this exceptionally clear and engaging introduction to philosophy of science, James Ladyman explores the philosophical questions that arise when we reflect on the nature of the scientific method and the knowledge it produces. He discusses whether fundamental philosophical questions about knowledge and reality might be answered by science, and considers in detail the debate between realists and antirealists about the extent of scientific knowledge. Along the way, central topics in philosophy of science, such as the demarcation of science from non-science, induction, confirmation and falsification, the relationship between theory and observation and relativism are all addressed. Important and complex current debates over underdetermination, inference to the best explaination and the implications of radical theory change are clarified and clearly explained for those new to the subject.

Legal Reasoning

Martin P. Golding
Legal Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Martin P. Golding
Publisher : Broadview Press
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2001-03-02
Category : Law
ISBN : 1551114224

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Legal Reasoning by Martin P. Golding Pdf

In a book that is a blend of text and readings, Martin P. Golding explores legal reasoning from a variety of angles—including that of judicial psychology. The primary focus, however, is on the ‘logic’ of judicial decision making. How do judges justify their decisions? What sort of arguments do they use? In what ways do they rely on legal precedent? Golding includes a wide variety of cases, as well as a brief bibliographic essay (updated for this Broadview Encore Edition).

Mathematical Logic for Computer Science

Zhongwan Lu
Mathematical Logic for Computer Science Book PDF

Author : Zhongwan Lu
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9971502518

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Mathematical Logic for Computer Science by Zhongwan Lu Pdf

This book describes the aspects of mathematical logic related to computer sciences. The materials adopted in this book are intended to attend to both the peculiarities of logical systems and the requirements of computer science.

Propositions

Trenton Merricks
Propositions Book PDF

Author : Trenton Merricks
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2015-03-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191046513

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Propositions by Trenton Merricks Pdf

Propositions has two main goals. The first is to show that there are propositions. The second is to defend an account of their nature. While pursuing these goals, Trenton Merricks draws a variety of controversial conclusions about related issues, including, among others, supervaluationism, the nature of possible worlds, truths about non-existent entities, and whether and how logical consequence depends on modal facts. An argument is modally valid just in case, necessarily, if its premises are true, then its conclusion is true. Propositions begins with the assumption that some arguments are modally valid. Merricks then argues that the premises and conclusions of modally valid arguments are not sentences. Instead, he argues, they are propositions. So, because there are modally valid arguments, there are propositions. Merricks defends the claim that propositions are not structured and are not sets of possible worlds. He thereby presents arguments against the two leading accounts of the nature of propositions. Those arguments are intended not only to oppose those accounts, but also to deliver conclusions about what a satisfactory account of the nature of propositions should say. Of particular importance in this regard are arguments concerning the alleged explanations of how a set of possible worlds or a structured proposition would manage to represent thing as being a certain way. Merricks then defends his own account of the nature of propositions, which says only that each proposition is a necessary existent that essentially represents things as being a certain way.

System Test and Diagnosis

William R. Simpson,John W. Sheppard
System Test and Diagnosis Book PDF

Author : William R. Simpson,John W. Sheppard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461527022

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System Test and Diagnosis by William R. Simpson,John W. Sheppard Pdf

System Test and Diagnosis is the first book on test and diagnosis at the system level, defined as any aggregation of related elements that together form an entity of sufficient complexity for which it is impractical to treat all of the elements at the lowest level of detail. The ideas presented emphasize that it is possible to diagnose complex systems efficiently. Since the notion of system is hierarchical, these ideas are applicable to all levels. The philosophy is presented in the context of a model-based approach, using the information flow model, that focuses on the information provided by the tests rather than the functions embedded in the system. Detailed algorithms are offered for evaluating system testability, performing efficient diagnosis, verifying and validating the models, and constructing an architecture for system maintenance. Several advanced algorithms, not commonly available in existing diagnosis tools, are discussed, including reasoning with inexact or uncertain test data, breaking large problems into manageable smaller problems, diagnosing systems with time sensitive information and time dependent tests and learning from experience. The book is divided into three parts. The first part provides motivation for careful development of the subject and the second part provides the tools necessary for analyzing system testability and computing diagnostic strategies. The third part presents advanced topics in diagnosis. Several case studies are provided, including a single detailed case study. Smaller case studies describe experiences from actual applications of the methods discussed. The detailed case study walks the reader through a complete analysis of a system to illustrate the concepts and describe the analyses that are possible. All case studies are based upon real systems that have been modeled for the purposes of diagnosis. System Test and Diagnosis is the culmination of nearly twelve years of research into diagnosis modeling and its applications. It is designed as a primary reference for engineers and practitioners interested in system test and diagnosis.

Politics and Rhetoric

James Martin
Politics and Rhetoric Book PDF

Author : James Martin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134592579

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Politics and Rhetoric by James Martin Pdf

Rhetoric is the art of speech and persuasion, the study of argument and, in Classical times, an essential component in the education of the citizen. For rhetoricians, politics is a skill to be performed and not merely observed. Yet in modern democracies we often suspect political speech of malign intent and remain uncertain how properly to interpret and evaluate it. Public arguments are easily dismissed as ‘mere rhetoric’ rather than engaged critically, with citizens encouraged to be passive consumers of a media spectacle rather than active participants in a political dialogue. This volume provides a clear and instructive introduction to the skills of the rhetorical arts. It surveys critically the place of rhetoric in contemporary public life and assesses its virtues as a tool of political theory. Questions about power and identity in the practices of political communication remain central to the rhetorical tradition: how do we know that we are not being manipulated by those who seek to persuade us? Only a grasp of the techniques of rhetoric and an understanding of how they manifest themselves in contemporary politics, argues the author, can guide us in answering these perennial questions. Politics and Rhetoric draws together in a comprehensive and highly accessible way relevant ideas from discourse analysis, classical rhetoric updated to a modern setting, relevant issues in contemporary political theory, and numerous carefully chosen examples and issues from current politics. It will be essential reading for all students of politics and political communications.

Reflections on Reasoning

Raymond S. Nickerson
Reflections on Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Raymond S. Nickerson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317739210

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Reflections on Reasoning by Raymond S. Nickerson Pdf

This book is an adaptation of a report entitled Notes about Reasoning, prepared under a project on The Training of Higher Cognitive Learning and Thinking Skills that was sponsored by the National Institute of Education. My purpose in producing the notes was to help me clarify my own thinking about reasoning and how the ability to reason effectively might be enhanced in the classroom. I did not intend to write a textbook on reasoning or a scholarly review of research on reasoning processes, and this book is not presented as either now. It still has the character of a collection of thoughts; it is being published with the hope that some of the ideas and suggestions in it may stimulate some others, especially teachers and students, to reflect more than they otherwise might have upon what it means to reason effectively. One does not, of course, become an effective reasoner by reading a book on reasoning or by taking a course in reasoning. Learning to reason well is surely a lifelong process—or at least a lifelong challenge. If this book is useful in helping some readers to see the value of an enduring commitment to that challenge, it will have served its purpose. I wish to thank the NIE Project Officers, Patricia Butler and Joseph Psotka, for their support and encouragement. I am grateful also to John Swets, Richard Herrnstein, David Perkins and Carol Chomsky for helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript, to Anne Kerwin and Patricia Carroll for typing the manuscript and to Brenda Starr and Frank DiPace for making electronic delivery of it to the printer possible by working around the differences between the sending and receiving systems. Special thanks to my wife, Doris, for her constant help of countless types, and most especially for bringing into the world the four beautiful people to whom this book is dedicated.

UGC-NET/JRF/SET Teaching and Research Aptitude (General Paper – I)

Vikas Experts
UGC NET JRF SET Teaching and Research Aptitude General Paper I Book PDF

Author : Vikas Experts
Publisher : Vikas Publishing House
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789325994201

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UGC-NET/JRF/SET Teaching and Research Aptitude (General Paper – I) by Vikas Experts Pdf

Test Prep for UGC-NET/JRF/SET Teaching and Research Aptitude

The Logic of Causation

Avi Sion
The Logic of Causation Book PDF

Author : Avi Sion
Publisher : Avi Sion
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2010-05-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9782970009139

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The Logic of Causation by Avi Sion Pdf

The Logic of Causation is a treatise of formal logic and of aetiology. It is an original and wide-ranging investigation of the definition of causation (deterministic causality) in all its forms, and of the deduction and induction of such forms. The work was carried out in three phases over a dozen years (1998-2010), each phase introducing more sophisticated methods than the previous to solve outstanding problems. This study was intended as part of a larger work on causal logic, which additionally treats volition and allied cause-effect relations (2004).

Critical Reflection

Malcolm Murray,Nebojsa Kujundzic
Critical Reflection Book PDF

Author : Malcolm Murray,Nebojsa Kujundzic
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2005-04-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780773583580

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Critical Reflection by Malcolm Murray,Nebojsa Kujundzic Pdf

In an era of information overload, our need to learn how to critically evaluate the growing flood of information has never been greater. Critical Reflection showcases the role of reason in a world saturated by media-enhanced persuasion and complex scientific and technological jargon. Drawing from the classic philosophical texts, this engaging textbook on the art of analyzing arguments is also relevant to today's undergraduates in its use of real-life examples and exercises drawn mainly from media and politics. Malcolm Murray and Nebojsa Kujundzic cover the standard subjects in a one-semester course on critical thinking, offering ways to analyze arguments in the following areas: * language use * acceptability conditions for truth * categorical and propositional logic * induction * causal claims * probability reasoning * analogical reasoning * an in-depth analysis of informal fallacies Critical Reflection further distinguishes itself with in-depth answers to chapter exercises that are incorporated directly into the authors' detailed discussions. This is an ideal textbook to help professors foster autonomous thinking among their students.

Anyone Who Has a View

F.H. van Eemeren,J. Anthony Blair,Charles A. Willard,Francisca A. Snoeck Henkemans
Anyone Who Has a View Book PDF

Author : F.H. van Eemeren,J. Anthony Blair,Charles A. Willard,Francisca A. Snoeck Henkemans
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2003-10-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1402014562

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Anyone Who Has a View by F.H. van Eemeren,J. Anthony Blair,Charles A. Willard,Francisca A. Snoeck Henkemans Pdf

This volume contains a selection of papers from the International Conference on Argumentation (Amsterdam, 2002) by prominent international scholars of argumentation theory. It provides an insightful cross-section of the current state of affairs in argumentation research. It will be of interest to all those working in the field of argumentation theory and to all scholars who are interested in recent developments in this field.

Mass Communication

Tyler Miller
Mass Communication Book PDF

Author : Tyler Miller
Publisher : Scientific e-Resources
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-04-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781839472077

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Mass Communication by Tyler Miller Pdf

Mass Communication has taken deep roots in the world. Mass communication research is a sprawling and multidisciplinary field of research approaches and theories, drawing inspiration from a range of disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences, and even from science disciplines such as mathematics, computing, and engineering. It continually develops and adapts to the changing nature and application of media technologies as well as changing political and social concerns with 'the media'. It influences almost all the aspects of human life viz. medical, education, culture, tradition and fashion etc. Like all other subjects mass communication also is worthy of research so that it can develop in a more understandable form. This book presents an epistemological view of levels of analysis. It guides the readers to understanding the challenges of media measurement, its quantification, datafication and assessment, and helps in developing skills of media audience analysis. A comparative analysis is also made as where required. The author is hopeful that this book will be very useful to those who have a flair of learning more about the mass communication.

Handbook of Legal Reasoning and Argumentation

Giorgio Bongiovanni,Gerald Postema,Antonino Rotolo,Giovanni Sartor,Chiara Valentini,Douglas Walton
Handbook of Legal Reasoning and Argumentation Book PDF

Author : Giorgio Bongiovanni,Gerald Postema,Antonino Rotolo,Giovanni Sartor,Chiara Valentini,Douglas Walton
Publisher : Springer
Page : 764 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789048194520

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Handbook of Legal Reasoning and Argumentation by Giorgio Bongiovanni,Gerald Postema,Antonino Rotolo,Giovanni Sartor,Chiara Valentini,Douglas Walton Pdf

This handbook addresses legal reasoning and argumentation from a logical, philosophical and legal perspective. The main forms of legal reasoning and argumentation are covered in an exhaustive and critical fashion, and are analysed in connection with more general types (and problems) of reasoning. Accordingly, the subject matter of the handbook divides in three parts. The first one introduces and discusses the basic concepts of practical reasoning. The second one discusses the general structures and procedures of reasoning and argumentation that are relevant to legal discourse. The third one looks at their instantiations and developments of these aspects of argumentation as they are put to work in the law, in different areas and applications of legal reasoning.

Recipes for Science

Angela Potochnik,Matteo Colombo,Cory Wright
Recipes for Science Book PDF

Author : Angela Potochnik,Matteo Colombo,Cory Wright
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2018-08-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317416449

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Recipes for Science by Angela Potochnik,Matteo Colombo,Cory Wright Pdf

Today, scientific literacy is an essential aspect of any undergraduate education. Recipes for Science responds to this need by providing an accessible introduction to the nature of science and scientific methods, reasoning, and concepts that is appropriate for any beginning college student. It is designed to be adaptable to a wide variety of different kinds of courses, such as introductions to scientific reasoning or critical thinking, philosophy of science, and science education. In any of these different uses, the book helps students better navigate our scientific, 21st-century world. Key Features Contemporary and historical examples of science from many fields of physical, life, and social sciences. Visual aids to clarify and illustrate ideas. Text boxes to explore related topics. Plenty of exercises to ensure full student engagement and mastery of the information. Annotated 'Further Reading' sections at the end of each chapter. Final glossary with helpful definitions of key terms. A companion website with author-developed and crowdsourced materials, including syllabi for courses using this textbook, bibliography of additional resources and online materials, sharable PowerPoint presentations and lecture notes, and additional exercises and extended projects.