Prescription Drug Prices Paid Under Federal Programs
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Prescription Drug Prices Paid Under Federal Programs by Suzanna Elwin Pdf
In 2011, federal spending for prescription drugs by DOD, Medicaid, and Medicare Part D totalled $71.2 billion -- representing about 85 percent of all federal prescription drug expenditures -- for about 114.4 million beneficiaries. Each program reimbursed retail pharmacies for outpatient prescriptions filled at these pharmacies by their beneficiaries. This book compares retail reimbursement prices paid by DOD, Medicaid, and Medicare Part D for a sample of prescription drugs and describes factors affecting these prices. It also discusses approaches to control prescription drug spending in federal programs.
Prescription Drug Prices Paid Under Federal Programs by Suzanna Elwin Pdf
Book Description: In 2011, federal spending for prescription drugs by DOD, Medicaid, and Medicare Part D totaled $71.2 billion--representing about 85 percent of all federal prescription drug expenditures--for about 114.4 million beneficiaries. Each program reimbursed retail pharmacies for outpatient prescriptions filled at these pharmacies by their beneficiaries. This book compares retail reimbursement prices paid by DOD, Medicaid, and Medicare Part D for a sample of prescription drugs and describes factors affecting these prices. It also discusses approaches to control prescription drug spending in federal programs.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Ensuring Patient Access to Affordable Drug Therapies
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Ensuring Patient Access to Affordable Drug Therapies Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 235 pages File Size : 41,9 Mb Release : 2018-03-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309468084
Making Medicines Affordable by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Ensuring Patient Access to Affordable Drug Therapies Pdf
Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
Prescription Drug Pricing: Background, Discount Programs and Cost Lowering Strategies by Elias B. Toft Pdf
Chapter 1 examines the actions of drug companies in raising prescription drug prices in the United States, as well as the effects of these actions on the Federal and state budgets, and on American families. Chapter 2 addresses frequently asked questions about government and private-sector policies that affect drug prices and availability. Among the prescription drug topics covered are federally funded research and development, regulation of direct-to-consumer advertising, legal restrictions on reimportation, and federal price negotiation. The 340B Drug Pricing Program requires drug manufacturers to sell outpatient drugs at discounted prices to covered entitiesâeligible clinics, hospitals, and othersâin order to have their drugs covered by Medicaid. Covered entities are only allowed to provide 340B drugs to certain eligible patients. Chapter 3 reviews the Health Resources and Services Administration's (HRSA) oversight of the 340B Program to ensure compliance with program rules. In 2017, nearly 60% of U.S. adults aged 18â64 reported being prescribed medication in the past 12 months. Approximately 70% of prescription medications carry out-of-pocket costs. Strategies to reduce prescription drug costs at the individual level are discussed in chapters 4 and 5. Each year, Americans pay more for prescription drugs, and rising drug prices have a disproportionate impact on older Americans. Chapter 6 examines the history of rising drug prices for the brand-name drugs most commonly prescribed for seniors. Generic drugsâcopies of brand-name drugsâlead to significant cost savings. Before a generic drug can be marketed, FDA must approve the generic drug application. According to FDA, applications go through an average of three cycles of review before being approved, which may take years. Chapter 7 examines 1) the first review cycle approval rate of generic drug applications in recent years and factors that may have contributed to whether applications were approved; and 2) changes FDA has made to increase the first review cycle approval rate.
On October 25,1999, the President directed the Secretary of Health and Human Services to study prescription drug costs and trends for Medicare beneficiaries. He asked that the study investigate: price differences for the most commonly used drugs for people with and without coverage; drug spending by people of various ages, as a percentage of income and of total health spending; and trends in drug expenditures by people of different ages, as a percentage of income and of total health spending. This report is the Department's response to that request. It represents the work of individuals and agencies throughout the Department, including the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE).
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Board on Health Care Services
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Board on Health Care Services Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 103 pages File Size : 55,8 Mb Release : 2020-01-27 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309498517
The Role of NIH in Drug Development Innovation and Its Impact on Patient Access by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Board on Health Care Services Pdf
To explore the role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in innovative drug development and its impact on patient access, the Board on Health Care Services and the Board on Health Sciences Policy of the National Academies jointly hosted a public workshop on July 24â€"25, 2019, in Washington, DC. Workshop speakers and participants discussed the ways in which federal investments in biomedical research are translated into innovative therapies and considered approaches to ensure that the public has affordable access to the resulting new drugs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Analyzes the costs, risks, and economic rewards of pharmaceutical R&D and the impact of public policy on both costs and returns. Examines the rapid increase in pharmaceutical R&D that began in the 1980s in the light of trends in science, technology, drug discovery, and health insurance coverage; Government regulation; product liability; market competition; Federal tax policy; and Federal support of prescription drug research. 12 appendices, including a glossary of terms.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Accelerating Rare Diseases Research and Orphan Product Development
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Accelerating Rare Diseases Research and Orphan Product Development Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 442 pages File Size : 42,6 Mb Release : 2011-04-03 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309158060
Rare Diseases and Orphan Products by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Accelerating Rare Diseases Research and Orphan Product Development Pdf
Rare diseases collectively affect millions of Americans of all ages, but developing drugs and medical devices to prevent, diagnose, and treat these conditions is challenging. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends implementing an integrated national strategy to promote rare diseases research and product development.
Competition and the Cost of Medicare's Prescription Drug Program by Anna Cook,Andrew Stocking Pdf
The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (the Medicare Modernization Act, or MMA) substantially expanded the federal Medicare program by creating the prescription drug benefit known as Part D. In FY 2013, Medicare Part D covered 39 million people. The federal government spent $59 billion net of premiums on Part D in that year; after accounting for certain payments from states under the program, the net federal cost was $50 billion, which represented 10% of net federal spending for Medicare. A combination of broader trends in the prescription drug market and lower-than-expected enrollment in Part D has contributed to much lower spending for the program than projected when the MMA became law in 2003. This report examines the federal budgetary cost and competitive design of Medicare Part D and compares Medicare Part D and Medicaid Fee for Service. Figures and tables. This is a print on demand report.
