Presidential Institutions And Democratic Politics

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Presidential Institutions and Democratic Politics

Kurt von Mettenheim
Presidential Institutions and Democratic Politics Book PDF

Author : Kurt von Mettenheim
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 0801853141

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Presidential Institutions and Democratic Politics by Kurt von Mettenheim Pdf

While many comparative analysts see parliamentary government as essential for stable democracy, this volume argues that the American presidential system that separates and diffuses power can provide new perspectives for those building democratic institutions in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and the new republics of the former Soviet Union. The authors recognize risks of rigidity, gridlock, and excessive centralization in presidential institutions. But they also emphasize the unexpected levels of legislative productivity during periods of divided government, the dramatic reversal of declining popularity by Presidents Reagan and Clinton, and the importance of direct appeals by presidents to the nation. After examining the American presidential system, the authors focus on the de-facto separation of powers in European parliaments and presidentialism in France, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. Both trends in European parliamentary systems and the dramatic changes within French presidential institutions suggest that scholars should temper broad generalizations about presidential or parliamentary government.

President and Congress in Postauthoritarian Chile

Peter M. Siavelis
President and Congress in Postauthoritarian Chile Book PDF

Author : Peter M. Siavelis
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0271042451

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President and Congress in Postauthoritarian Chile by Peter M. Siavelis Pdf

As many formerly authoritarian regimes have been replaced by democratic governments in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and elsewhere, questions have arisen about the stability and durability of these new governments. One concern has to do with the institutional arrangements for governing bequeathed to the new democratic regimes by their authoritarian predecessors and with the related issue of whether presidential or parliamentary systems work better for the consolidation of democracy. In this book, Peter Siavelis takes a close look at the important case of Chile, which had a long tradition of successful legislative resolution of conflict but was left by the Pinochet regime with a changed institutional framework that greatly strengthened the presidency at the expense of the legislature. Weakening of the legislature combined with an exclusionary electoral system, Siavelis argues, undermines the ability of Chile's National Congress to play its former role as an arena of accommodation, creating serious obstacles to interbranch cooperation and, ultimately, democratic governability. Unlike other studies that contrast presidential and parliamentary systems in the large, Siavelis examines a variety of factors, including socioeconomic conditions and characteristics of political parties, that affect whether or not one of these systems will operate more or less successfully at any given time. He also offers proposals for institutional reform that could mitigate the harm he expects the current political structure to produce.

Institutions of American Democracy

Professor of Political Science Joel D Aberbach,Joel D. Aberbach,Mark A. Peterson,Department Chair and Professor of Political Science and Policy Studies Mark A Peterson
Institutions of American Democracy Book PDF

Author : Professor of Political Science Joel D Aberbach,Joel D. Aberbach,Mark A. Peterson,Department Chair and Professor of Political Science and Policy Studies Mark A Peterson
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 631 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2005-10-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780195173932

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Institutions of American Democracy by Professor of Political Science Joel D Aberbach,Joel D. Aberbach,Mark A. Peterson,Department Chair and Professor of Political Science and Policy Studies Mark A Peterson Pdf

Presents a collection of essay that provide an examination of the Executive branch in American government, explaining how the Constitution created the executive branch and discusses how the executive interacts with the other two branches of government at the federal and state level.

The Politics of Presidential Term Limits

Alexander Baturo,Robert Elgie
The Politics of Presidential Term Limits Book PDF

Author : Alexander Baturo,Robert Elgie
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780192574343

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The Politics of Presidential Term Limits by Alexander Baturo,Robert Elgie Pdf

Presidential term limits restrict the maximum length of time that presidents can serve in office. They stipulate the length of term the presidents can serve between elections and the number of terms that presidents are permitted to serve. While comparative scholarship has long studied important institutions such presidentialism vs. parliamentarism and the effects of different electoral systems, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the role and effects of presidential term limits. Yet presidential term limits and term lengths are one of the most fundamental institutions of democracy. By ensuring compulsory rotation in office, they are at the heart of a democratic dilemma. What is the appropriate trade-off between allowing the unrestricted selection of candidates at presidential elections vs. restricting selection procedures to prevent the possibility of dictatorial takeover by presidents who are unwilling to step down? In the context of a long and on-going history of changes to presidential term limits and the many and varied ways in which term limits have been both applied and avoided, this book explains the factors behind the introduction, stability, abolition, and avoidance of presidential term limits, as well as the consequences of changes to presidential term limits, and it does so in the context of non-democracies, third-wave countries, and consolidated democracies. It includes comparative, theoretical, and practitioner-oriented chapters, as well as detailed country case studies of presidential term limits across the world and over time.

Presidents, Parliaments, and Policy

Stephan Haggard,Matthew D. McCubbins
Presidents Parliaments and Policy Book PDF

Author : Stephan Haggard,Matthew D. McCubbins
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2001-01-15
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 0521774853

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Presidents, Parliaments, and Policy by Stephan Haggard,Matthew D. McCubbins Pdf

Advocates of parliamentary rule have been highly critical of presidentialism for dividing powers and providing the opportunity for gridlock between branches. Fixed executive terms can saddle publics with ineffectual leaders who are not easily removed. Yet the great theorists of presidential rule, beginning with the Federalists, saw very different qualities in the same institutions: a desirable combination of strong leadership with checks on executive discretion. These diverse assessments arise because we have surprisingly little comparative work on how presidential democracies function. The introductory essays in this volume lay the theoretical groundwork for such comparative analysis. Drawing on detailed cases of economic policymaking in Asia, Latin America, and Central Europe, this book shows the diversity of presidential systems and isolates the effects of presidentialism from other factors that influence public policy, such as party systems. In doing so, it casts doubt on the critics of presidential rule and underscores the continuing vitality of this particular form of democratic rule.

Institutions of American Democracy

Joel D. Aberbach,Mark A. Peterson
Institutions of American Democracy Book PDF

Author : Joel D. Aberbach,Mark A. Peterson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 640 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2005-10-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199883950

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Institutions of American Democracy by Joel D. Aberbach,Mark A. Peterson Pdf

The presidency and the agencies of the executive branch are deeply interwoven with other core institutions of American government and politics. While the framers of the Constitution granted power to the president, they likewise imbued the legislative and judicial branches of government with the powers necessary to hold the executive in check. The Executive Branch, edited byJoel D. Aberbach and Mark A. Peterson, examines the delicate and shifting balance among the three branches of government, which is constantly renegotiated as political leaders contend with the public's paradoxical sentiments-yearning for strong executive leadership yet fearing too much executive power, and welcoming the benefits of public programs yet uneasy about, and indeed often distrusting, big government. The Executive Branch, a collection of essays by some of the nation's leading political scientists and public policy scholars, examines the historical emergence and contemporary performance of the presidency and bureaucracy, as well as their respective relationships with the Congress, the courts, political parties, and American federalism. Presidential elections are defining moments for the nation's democracy-by linking citizens directly to their government, elections serve as a mechanism for exercising collective public choice. After the election, however, the work of government begins and involves elected and appointed political leaders at all levels of government, career civil servants, government contractors, interest organizations, the media, and engaged citizens. The essays in this volume delve deeply into the organizations and politics that make the executive branch such a complex and fascinating part of American government. The volume provides an assessment from the past to the present of the role and development of the presidency and executive branch agencies, including analysis of the favorable and problematic strategies, and personal attributes, that presidents have brought to the challenge of leadership. It examines the presidency and the executive agencies both separately and together as they influence-or are influenced by-other major institutions of American government and politics, with close attention to how they relate to civic participation and democracy.

Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy

Jose Antonio Cheibub
Presidentialism Parliamentarism and Democracy Book PDF

Author : Jose Antonio Cheibub
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 0521542448

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Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy by Jose Antonio Cheibub Pdf

This book questions the reasons why presidential democracies more likely to break down than parliamentary ones.

Congress and the Presidency

Michael Foley,John E. Owens
Congress and the Presidency Book PDF

Author : Michael Foley,John E. Owens
Publisher : Manchester University Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Presidents
ISBN : 0719038847

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Congress and the Presidency by Michael Foley,John E. Owens Pdf

. The authors emphasise the dynamism of America's foremost political institutions within a democratic system. They examine recent developments in relation to the wider context of United States politics and reassert the importance of institutions in understanding this unique political system.

Presidential Leadership

George C. Edwards,Kenneth R. Mayer,Stephen J. Wayne
Presidential Leadership Book PDF

Author : George C. Edwards,Kenneth R. Mayer,Stephen J. Wayne
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 643 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781538189474

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Presidential Leadership by George C. Edwards,Kenneth R. Mayer,Stephen J. Wayne Pdf

This classic text on the American presidency analyzes the institution and the presidents who hold the office through the key lens of leadership. Edwards, Mayer, and Wayne explain the leadership dilemma presidents face and their institutional, political, and personal capacities to meet it. Two models of presidential leadership help us understand the institution: one in which a strong president dominates the political environment as a director of change, and another in which the president performs a more limited role as facilitator of change. Each model provides an insightful perspectives to better understand leadership in the modern presidency and to evaluate the performance of individual presidents. With no simple formula for presidential success, and no partisan perspective driving the analysis, the authors help us understand that presidents and citizens alike must understand the nature of presidential leadership in a pluralistic system in which separate institutions share powers. This fully revised thirteenth edition is fully updated through the Biden administration, with recent policy developments, the 2022 midterm elections, changes to the media environment, and the latest data.

Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism

Steffen Ganghof
Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism Book PDF

Author : Steffen Ganghof
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780192897145

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Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism by Steffen Ganghof Pdf

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. In a democracy, a constitutional separation of powers between the executive and the assembly may be desirable, but the constitutional concentration of executive power in a single human being is not. Beyond Presidentialism and Parliamentarism defends this thesis and explores 'semi-parliamentary government' as an alternative to presidential government. Semi-parliamentarism avoids power concentration in one person by shifting the separation of powers into the democratic assembly. The executive becomes fused with only one part of the assembly, even though the other part has at least equal democratic legitimacy and robust veto power on ordinary legislation. The book identifies the Australian Commonwealth and Japan as well as the Australian states of New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia as semi-parliamentary systems. Using data from 23 countries and six Australian states, it maps how parliamentary and semi-parliamentary systems balance competing visions of democracy; it analyzes patterns of electoral and party systems, cabinet formation, legislative coalition-building, and constitutional reforms; systematically compares the semi-parliamentary and presidential separation of powers; and develops new and innovative semi-parliamentary designs, some of which do not require two separate chambers.

Political Institutions

Josep M. Colomer
Political Institutions Book PDF

Author : Josep M. Colomer
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2001-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0191529257

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Political Institutions by Josep M. Colomer Pdf

The role of institutions is to establish the domains of public activity and the rules to select leaders. Democratic regimes organize in simple institutional frameworks to foster the concentration of power and alternative successive absolute winners and losers. They favour political satisfaction of relatively small groups, as well as policy instability. In contrast, pluralistic institutions produce multiple winners, including multiparty co-operation and agreements. They favour stable, moderate, and consensual policies that can satisfy large groups' interests on a great number of issues. The more complex the political institutions, the more stable and socially efficient the outcome will be. This book develops an extensive analysis of this relationship. It explores concepts, questions and insights based on social choice theory, while empirical focus is cast on more than 40 democratic countries and a few international organizations from late medieval times to the present. The book argues that pluralistic democratic institutions are judged to be better than simple formula of their higher capacity of producing socially satisfactory results.

The American Presidency

William G. Howell
The American Presidency Book PDF

Author : William G. Howell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2023-01-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691225593

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The American Presidency by William G. Howell Pdf

How institutions shape the American presidency This incisive undergraduate textbook emphasizes the institutional sources of presidential power and executive governance, enabling students to think more clearly and systematically about the American presidency at a time when media coverage of the White House is awash in anecdotes and personalities. William Howell offers unparalleled perspective on the world’s most powerful office, from its original design in the Constitution to its historical growth over time; its elections and transitions to governance; its interactions with Congress, the courts, and the federal bureaucracy; and its persistent efforts to shape public policy. Comprehensive in scope and rooted in the latest scholarship, The American Presidency is the perfect guide for studying the presidency at a time of acute partisan polarization and popular anxiety about the health and well-being of the republic. Focuses on the institutional structures that presidents must navigate, the incentives and opportunities that drive them, and the constraints they routinely confront Shows how legislators, judges, bureaucrats, the media, and the broader public shape the contours and limits of presidential power Encourages students to view the institutional presidency as not just an object of study but a way of thinking about executive politics Highlights the lasting effects of important historical moments on the institutional presidency Enables students to grapple with enduring themes of power, rules, norms, and organization that undergird democracy

Do Presidential Systems Imperil Democratization

Max-Emanuel Hatzold
Do Presidential Systems Imperil Democratization Book PDF

Author : Max-Emanuel Hatzold
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2009-05
Category : Democracy
ISBN : 9783640316410

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Do Presidential Systems Imperil Democratization by Max-Emanuel Hatzold Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Politics - Political Systems - General and Comparisons, grade: 1,3, University of Bath (Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences ), course: Transitions to Democracy, language: English, abstract: In political science it is commonly accepted that institutional choices affect the outcome of a political system. This essay will analyze in what ways presidential systems influence democratic consolidation. Analyzing and comparing two states, Venezuela and Russia it will be shown how, and to what extent presidential systems and the current presidents of the analyzed countries imperil democratization. The essay begins with definitions of democracy and presidentialism. After a chapter on the historical context of both countries the effects of presidentialism are analyzed in the main part giving a theoretical overview first, and then the two countries are analyzed separately and are finally compared. The second chapter addresses the institutions, the third political and civil rights and the fourth civil society. In the fifth other problems independent from presidentialism are described. It will be shown that presidential systems can imperil the democratic process in transition countries because an executive dominance over the legislative is created. Presidents can use that dominance to determine the political outcome, influence political institutions and exacerbate the work of opposition movements. As both examples show, presidential systems do imperil democratization although the extend may differ from country to country and other factors together with the historical context also provide fruitful explanation which have to be taken into consideration.

Presidentialism, Violence, and the Prospect of Democracy

Yao-Yuan Yeh,Charles K. S. Wu
Presidentialism Violence and the Prospect of Democracy Book PDF

Author : Yao-Yuan Yeh,Charles K. S. Wu
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781498524315

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Presidentialism, Violence, and the Prospect of Democracy by Yao-Yuan Yeh,Charles K. S. Wu Pdf

Presidentialism, Violence, and the Prospect of Democracy tackles the perennial debate about whether presidentialism is associated with democratic breakdown. Yao-Yuan Yeh and Charles K. S. Wu integrate both institutional and behavioral arguments to discuss how institutional rigidity in changing executive power would stimulate citizens to adopt relatively violent means to address their grievances, leading to democratic crises. This book finds presidential democracies are more likely to encounter crises than either parliamentary or semi-presidential systems. However, once a crisis occurs, presidentialism does not trigger a higher likelihood of a breakdown. The conventional wisdom is thus only half correct.

The Chain of Representation

Brian F. Crisp,Santiago Olivella,Guillermo Rosas
The Chain of Representation Book PDF

Author : Brian F. Crisp,Santiago Olivella,Guillermo Rosas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108478014

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The Chain of Representation by Brian F. Crisp,Santiago Olivella,Guillermo Rosas Pdf

A comparative analysis of why democratic institutions often produce dissonance between citizens' preferences and public policy in separation-of-powers regimes.