Preventing Diarrhoea Through Better Water Sanitation And Hygiene

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Electronic books
ISBN : 9240693874

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Preventing Diarrhoea Through Better Water Sanitation and Hygiene by World Health Organization Pdf

In early 2013 WHO convened an expert group of scientists from 14 collaborating research institutions to update theassessment of the burden of diarrhoeal disease from inadequate water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and to reassessthe effectiveness of WASH interventions. This group considered evolving and alternative methods for assessing theburden of disease and agreed on a rigorous new approach using meta-regression. In deriving the new figures theexperts incorporated the latest data on use of improved water and sanitation with minor adjustments and drew uponthe results from two new global.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9241564822

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Preventing Diarrhoea Through Better Water, Sanitation and Hygiene by World Health Organization Pdf

In early 2013, WHO convened an expert group of scientists from 14 collaborating research institutions to update the assessment of the burden of diarrhoeal disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and to reassess the effectiveness of WASH interventions. This group considered evolving and alternative methods for assessing the burden of disease and agreed on a rigorous new approach using meta-regression. In deriving the new figures, the experts incorporated the latest data on use of improved water and sanitation with minor adjustments, and drew upon the results from two new global reviews on microbial water quality and of handwashing practices specially prepared as part of this effort. This document outlines the latest research on the burden of diarrhoea related to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It is based on a series of articles published in the scientific literature. In bringing together current evidence on exposure to unsafe drinking-water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, alongside the most up-to-date analysis on the health impacts of interventions, this document contributes to informed policymaking and targeting of resources. It underscores how further progress can be achieved in this unfinished global water and sanitation and health agenda.

Author : Robert Black,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Marleen Temmerman,Neff Walker
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016-04-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464803680

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Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2) by Robert Black,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Marleen Temmerman,Neff Walker Pdf

The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.

Author : Ilona Kickbusch,Detlev Ganten,Matshidiso Moeti
Publisher : Springer
Page : 2881 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3030450082

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Handbook of Global Health by Ilona Kickbusch,Detlev Ganten,Matshidiso Moeti Pdf

Global health is a rapidly emerging discipline with a transformative potential for public policy and international development. Emphasizing transnational health issues, global health aims to improve health and achieve health equity for all people worldwide. Its multidisciplinary scope includes contributions from many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences, including clinical medicine, public health, social and behavioral sciences, environmental sciences, economics, public policy, law and ethics. This large reference offers up-to-date information and expertise across all aspects of global health and helps readers to achieve a truly multidisciplinary understanding of the topics, trends as well as the clinical, socioeconomic and environmental drivers impacting global health. As a fully comprehensive, state-of-the-art and continuously updated, living reference, the Handbook of Global Health is an important, dynamic resource to provide context for global health clinical care, organizational decision-making, and overall public policy on many levels. Health workers, physicians, economists, environmental and social scientists, trainees and medical students as well as professionals and practitioners will find this handbook of great value.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-10-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309138727

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Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf

As the human population grows-tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water-Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet. Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease.

Author : John Briscoe,Richard G. Feachem,M. Mujibur Rahaman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Environmental engineering Congresses
ISBN : UIUC:30112073540806

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Evaluating Health Impact by John Briscoe,Richard G. Feachem,M. Mujibur Rahaman Pdf

Author : David Townes,Mike Gerber,Mark Anderson (Physician)
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 509 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781107062689

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Health in Humanitarian Emergencies by David Townes,Mike Gerber,Mark Anderson (Physician) Pdf

A comprehensive, best practices resource for public health and healthcare practitioners and students interested in humanitarian emergencies.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9241545038

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Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality by World Health Organization Pdf

This volume describes the methods used in the surveillance of drinking water quality in the light of the special problems of small-community supplies, particularly in developing countries, and outlines the strategies necessary to ensure that surveillance is effective.

Author : Dean T. Jamison,Joel G. Breman,Anthony R. Measham,George Alleyne,Mariam Claeson,David B. Evans,Prabhat Jha,Anne Mills,Philip Musgrove
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 1449 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2006-04-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821361801

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Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries by Dean T. Jamison,Joel G. Breman,Anthony R. Measham,George Alleyne,Mariam Claeson,David B. Evans,Prabhat Jha,Anne Mills,Philip Musgrove Pdf

Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.

Author : UNICEF.
Publisher : UNICEF
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789280639889

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Progress for Children by UNICEF. Pdf

Undernutrition contributes to the deaths of about 5.6 million children under five in the developing world each year. It can lead to poor school performance and dropout, it threatens girls' future ability to bear healthy children and it perpetuates a generational cycle of poverty. This volume of Progress for Children reports on the world's performance in improving nutrition in young children, a crucial step towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2006-09-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783736920101

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Water, sanitation, hygiene and diarrheal diseases in the Aral Sea area (Khorezm, Uzbekistan) by Anonim Pdf

In the Aral Sea Basin, human activities have led to the severe degradation of water and soil, which is considered to cause serious human health problems. Epidemiological evidence, however, was lacking. This study investigates the microbiological contamination of drinking water in the Khorezm district in Uzbekistan as a case study in the Aral Sea Basin. The incidence of diarrheal diseases was monitored, and the risk factors water, sanitation and hygiene were studied using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Recommendations for improved drinking water hygiene and sanitation are given.

Author : Headey, Derek D.,Palloni, Giordano
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries by Headey, Derek D.,Palloni, Giordano Pdf

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) investments are widely seen as essential for improving health in early childhood. However, the experimental literature on WASH interventions identifies inconsistent impacts on child health outcomes, with relatively robust impacts on diarrhea and other symptoms of infection, but weak and varying impacts on child nutrition. In contrast, observational research exploiting cross-sectional variation in water and sanitation access is much more sanguine, finding strong associations with diarrhea prevalence, mortality and stunting. In practice, both literatures suffer from significant methodological limitations. Experimental WASH evaluations are often subject to poor compliance, rural bias, and short duration of exposure, while cross-sectional observational evidence may be highly vulnerable to omitted variables bias. To overcome some of the limitations of both literatures, we construct a panel of 442 subnational regions in 59 countries with multiple Demographic Health Surveys. This large subnational panel is used to implement difference-in-difference regressions that allow us to examine whether longer term changes in water and sanitation at the subnational level predict improvements in child morbidity, mortality and nutrition. We find results that are partially consistent with both literatures. Improved water access is statistically insignificantly associated with most outcomes, although water piped into the dwelling predicts reductions in child stunting. Improvements in sanitation predict large reductions in diarrhea prevalence and child mortality, but are not associated with changes in stunting or wasting. We estimate that sanitation improvements can account for just under 10% of the decline in child mortality from 1990-2015.

Author : Jyotsna Jalan,Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Does Piped Water Reduce Diarrhea for Children in Rural India by Jyotsna Jalan,Martin Ravallion Pdf

Children's health improves on average as a result of policy interventions that expand access to piped water. However, the gains largely bypass children in poor and poorly educated families.

Author : Sandy Cairncross,Sir Richard Feachem
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-11-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781134665860

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Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics by Sandy Cairncross,Sir Richard Feachem Pdf

This fully updated third edition of the classic text, widely cited as the most important and useful book for health engineering and disease prevention, describes infectious diseases in tropical and developing countries, and the effective measures that may be used against them. The infections described include the diarrhoeal diseases, the common gut worms, Guinea worm, schistosomiasis, malaria, Bancroftian filariasis and other mosquito-borne infections. The environmental interventions that receive most attention are domestic water supplies and improved excreta disposal. Appropriate technology for these interventions, and also their impact on infectious diseases, are documented in detail. This third edition includes new sections on arsenic in groundwater supplies and arsenic removal technologies, and new material in most chapters, including water supplies in developing countries and surface water drainage.

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2006-05-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9241563265

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Core Questions on Drinking-water and Sanitation for Household Surveys by World Health Organization Pdf

Safe water and adequate sanitation are basic to the health of every person on the planet yet many people throughout the world do not have access to these fundamental needs. An important step towards resolving this global crisis is to understand its magnitude: how many people lack access to drinking water and sanitation? To help answer this question household surveys and censuses are conducted every year throughout the world to assess drinking water sanitation and hygiene-related practices at the household level. Because of variations in survey tools attempts to compare the results of one survey with those of another have been fraught with diffi culties. Solving survey comparability problems is crucial if we are to establish accurate trends over time within a country and compare data between countries. For this reason the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation developed a set of harmonized survey questions that resolves the comparability problems of the past. Including the harmonized questions in national surveys and censuses will help countries gain more systematic information on the drinking water and sanitation needs of thei population. With popular use these harmonized questions will make data across international and national survey programmes more comparable which in turn will result in more accurate country regional and global estimates of unmet drinking water and sanitation needs. The core harmonized questions presented in this guide have been adopted by the Demographic and Health Surveys the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey and the World Health Survey. The purpose of this guide is to encourage even more widespread use of these harmonized questions because accurate information is a valuable tool that can be used to assess progress towards international and national goals and targets. It also allows decision-makers and stakeholders to make evidence-based choices and direct efforts to where they are needed as well as promotes increased investment in the sector.