Primary Productivity Of The Biosphere

Author : H. Lieth,R.H. Whittaker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642809132

Get Book

Primary Productivity of the Biosphere by H. Lieth,R.H. Whittaker Pdf

The period since World War II, and especially the last decade influenced by the International Biological Program, has seen enormous growth in research on the function of ecosystems. The same period has seen an exponential' rise in environmental problems including the capacity of the Earth to support man's population. The concern extends to man's effects on the "biosphere"-the film of living organisms on the Earth's surface that supports man. The common theme of ecologic research and environmental concerns is primary production the binding of sunlight energy into organic matter by plants that supports all life. Many results from the IBP remain to be synthesized, but enough data are available from that program and other research to develop a convincing sum mary of the primary production of the biosphere-the purpose of this book. The book had its origin in the parallel interests of the two editors and Gene E. Likens, which led them to prepare a symposium on the topic at the Second Biological Congress of the American Institute of Biological Sciences in Miami, Florida, October 24, 1971. Revisions of the papers presented at that symposium appear as Chapters 2, 8, 9, 10, and 15 in this book. We have added other chapters that complement this core; these include discussion and evaluation of methods for measuring productivity and regional production, current findings on tropical productivity, and models of primary productivity.

Author : Helmut Lieth
Publisher : Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Science
ISBN : MINN:31951000134863C

Get Book

Patterns of Primary Production in the Biosphere by Helmut Lieth Pdf

What is plant matter?. Measuring primary productivity. Modeling productivity patterns. Global production pattern.

Author : Christian Leveque
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2003-01-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781482294354

Get Book

Ecology by Christian Leveque Pdf

Author : Jacques Roy,Harold A. Mooney,Bernard Saugier
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 598 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2001-05-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080518725

Get Book

Terrestrial Global Productivity by Jacques Roy,Harold A. Mooney,Bernard Saugier Pdf

As the global climate changes, there are concomitant changes in global biological productivity. This book is devoted to the assessment of terrestrial Net Primary Productivity ("the total amount of energy acquired by green plants during photosynthesis, minus the energy lost through respiration"--APDS&T, pp. 1457). The book is comprised of three major sections. The first section is a review of the processes that operate globally to influence productivity--these are the initial conditions of any model of primary productivity. The second section is comprised of chapters that assess the contribution of particular ecosystems to global productivity. The final major section contains chapters of a synthetic nature that describe attempts to model global productivity. This book should appeal to both ecologists and environmental scientists.

Author : H. H. Shugart,F. I. Woodward
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444348347

Get Book

Global Change and the Terrestrial Biosphere by H. H. Shugart,F. I. Woodward Pdf

Global climate change challenges ecologists to synthesize what we know to solve a problem with deep historical roots in our discipline. In ecology, the question, “How do terrestrial ecosystems interact with the other earth systems to produce planetary change?” has sufficient depth to be the focal challenge. This central question is sharpened further as the changes that we may be manifesting upon our planet’s systems of land, sea, air and ice can have potential consequences for the future of human civilization. This book provides the depth of the history of global ecology and reviews the breadth of the ideas being studied today. Each chapter starts with a brief narrative about a scientist whose work traces forward into today’s issues in global ecosystems. The discussions are framed in a growing realization that we may be altering the way our planet functions almost before we have gained the necessary knowledge of how it works at all.

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262018562

Get Book

Harvesting the Biosphere by Vaclav Smil Pdf

An interdisciplinary and quantitative account of human claims on the biosphere's stores of living matter, from prehistoric hunting to modern energy production. The biosphere—the Earth's thin layer of life—dates from nearly four billion years ago, when the first simple organisms appeared. Many species have exerted enormous influence on the biosphere's character and productivity, but none has transformed the Earth in so many ways and on such a scale as Homo sapiens. In Harvesting the Biosphere, Vaclav Smil offers an interdisciplinary and quantitative account of human claims on the biosphere's stores of living matter, from prehistory to the present day. Smil examines all harvests—from prehistoric man's hunting of megafauna to modern crop production—and all uses of harvested biomass, including energy, food, and raw materials. Without harvesting of the biomass, Smil points out, there would be no story of human evolution and advancing civilization; but at the same time, the increasing extent and intensity of present-day biomass harvests are changing the very foundations of civilization's well-being. In his detailed and comprehensive account, Smil presents the best possible quantifications of past and current global losses in order to assess the evolution and extent of biomass harvests. Drawing on the latest work in disciplines ranging from anthropology to environmental science, Smil offers a valuable long-term, planet-wide perspective on human-caused environmental change.

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2015-08-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262528276

Get Book

Harvesting the Biosphere by Vaclav Smil Pdf

An interdisciplinary and quantitative account of human claims on the biosphere's stores of living matter, from prehistoric hunting to modern energy production. The biosphere—the Earth's thin layer of life—dates from nearly four billion years ago, when the first simple organisms appeared. Many species have exerted enormous influence on the biosphere's character and productivity, but none has transformed the Earth in so many ways and on such a scale as Homo sapiens. In Harvesting the Biosphere, Vaclav Smil offers an interdisciplinary and quantitative account of human claims on the biosphere's stores of living matter, from prehistory to the present day. Smil examines all harvests—from prehistoric man's hunting of megafauna to modern crop production—and all uses of harvested biomass, including energy, food, and raw materials. Without harvesting of the biomass, Smil points out, there would be no story of human evolution and advancing civilization; but at the same time, the increasing extent and intensity of present-day biomass harvests are changing the very foundations of civilization's well-being. In his detailed and comprehensive account, Smil presents the best possible quantifications of past and current global losses in order to assess the evolution and extent of biomass harvests. Drawing on the latest work in disciplines ranging from anthropology to environmental science, Smil offers a valuable long-term, planet-wide perspective on human-caused environmental change.

Author : Peter A. Furley,Walter W. Newey
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015001212193

Get Book

Geography of the Biosphere by Peter A. Furley,Walter W. Newey Pdf

Author : Richard J. Hobbs,Harold A. Mooney
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461233022

Get Book

Remote Sensing of Biosphere Functioning by Richard J. Hobbs,Harold A. Mooney Pdf

Harold A. Mooney and Richard J. Hobbs At present there is enormous concern about the changes that are occurring on the surface of the earth and in the earth's atmosphere, primarily as a result of human activities. These changes, particularly in the atmosphere, have the potential for altering the earth's habitability. International pro grams unprecedented in scope, including the International Geosphere Biosphere Program, have been initiated to describe and understand these changes. The global change program will call for coordinated measure ments on a global scale of those interactive physical and biological pro cesses that regulate the earth system. The program will rely heavily on the emerging technology of remote sensing from airborne vehicles, particularly satellites. Satellites offer the potential of continuously viewing large seg ments of the earth's surface, thus documenting the changes that are occur ring. The task, however, is not only to document global change, which will be an enormous job, but also to understand the significance of these changes to the biosphere. Effects on the biosphere may cover all spatial scales from global to local. The possibility of measuring biosphere function remot~ly and continuously from satellite imagery must be explored quickly and thoroughly in order to meet the challenge of understanding the con sequences of global change. Initial guidelines and approaches are currently being formulated (Dyer and Crossley, 1986; JOI, 1984; NAS, 1986; Rasool, 1987). There are many conceptual and technical issues that must be resolved H. A. Mooney and R. J.

Author : Brian Walker,Will Steffen,Josep Canadell,John Ingram
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1999-03-25
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521624800

Get Book

The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change by Brian Walker,Will Steffen,Josep Canadell,John Ingram Pdf

Summarises understanding of global change interactions with terrestrial ecosystems.

Author : Josep G. Canadell,Diane E. Pataki,Louis F. Pitelka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2007-01-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540327301

Get Book

Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World by Josep G. Canadell,Diane E. Pataki,Louis F. Pitelka Pdf

This book examines the impacts of global change on terrestrial ecosystems. Emphasis is placed on impacts of atmospheric, climate and land use change, and the book discusses the future challenges and the scientific frameworks to address them. Finally, the book explores fundamental new research developments and the need for stronger integration of natural and human dimensions in addressing the challenge of global change.

Author : Gordon Bonan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-21
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781107043787

Get Book

Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling by Gordon Bonan Pdf

Provides an essential introduction to modeling terrestrial ecosystems in Earth system models for graduate students and researchers.

Author : Ian K. Bradbury
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015025007991

Get Book

The Biosphere by Ian K. Bradbury Pdf

The Biosphere Second Edition Ian K. Bradbury Department of Geography. University of Liverpool, UK The Biosphere provides a comprehensive introductory overview of functional, historical and geographical aspects of the 'living world'. It has been written particularly for first and second year students of geography and environmental science in higher education with little background in biology but whose interests in the environment and environmental problems requires some knowledge of organisms and ecosystems. The first part of the book provides an accessible introduction to life on earth, covering such key topics as levels of organization in the biosphere, the chemical make up of organisms and energy and life. The second part of the book emphasizes functional aspects of the biosphere, particularly the ways in which organisms acquire and process energy and materials and how these are transferred through ecological systems. Special attention is paid to 'applied' aspects, particularly crop and livestock production. The third part of the book provides an overview of the history of life on earth, emphasizing major evolutionary 'events' and their significance for the biosphere. This part begins with a consideration of life's origins and concludes with a section on the evolution of hominids. The fourth part of the book focuses on geographical aspects of the biosphere. The principles of species distribution are discussed and different approaches to the zonation of the biota are introduced. A final chapter deals with biodiversity, emphasizing its geographical variation. Throughout The Biosphere, the links between 'natural' processes and environmental issues such as pollution, climatic change and conservation are emphasized. The extensive use of cross referencing makes this book very helpful for the non specialist.

Author : Steve Trudgill
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2014-09-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781317884682

Get Book

The Terrestrial Biosphere by Steve Trudgill Pdf

Terrestrial Biosphere tries to pose the questions which underlie the many-sided debate of how to respond to and influence change: How should we view nature? What do we do for the best - how should we act - what are we trying to achieve and what should we be guided by?In doing so the book introduces and attempts to analyse not only scientific aspects of the debate but also cultural attitudes and values: the notions of ecosystem stability are now challenged and it is also clear that ecosystems are renewable but not repeatable. It finds that prescriptive 'solutions' based on current constructs may not be adequate. Feeling that analysis should lead to advocacy, the author believes that if we can't improve predictability, we have to increase adaptability which means that ecological and social capacity building should be advocated. This is seen in terms of concepts, institutions, attitudes and values which allow for a plurality of meanings and which can cope with surprise and unforeseen change - and which also facilitates responses to change.

Author : David L. Kirchman
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 597 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-02-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191624223

Get Book

Processes in Microbial Ecology by David L. Kirchman Pdf

Microbial ecology is the study of interactions among microbes in natural environments and their roles in biogeochemical cycles, food web dynamics, and the evolution of life. Microbes are the most numerous organisms in the biosphere and mediate many critical reactions in elemental cycles and biogeochemical reactions. Because microbes are essential players in the carbon cycle and related processes, microbial ecology is a vital science for understanding the role of the biosphere in global warming and the response of natural ecosystems to climate change. This novel textbook discusses the major processes carried out by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and other protists - the microbes - in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. It focuses on biogeochemical processes, starting with primary production and the initial fixation of carbon into cellular biomass, before exploring how that carbon is degraded in both oxygen-rich (oxic) and oxygen-deficient (anoxic) environments. These biogeochemical processes are affected by ecological interactions, including competition for limiting nutrients, viral lysis, and predation by various protists in soils and aquatic habitats. The book neatly connects processes occurring at the micron scale to events happening at the global scale, including the carbon cycle and its connection to climate change issues. A final chapter is devoted to symbiosis and other relationships between microbes and larger organisms. Microbes have huge impacts not only on biogeochemical cycles, but also on the ecology and evolution of more complex forms of life, including Homo sapiens..