Terrestrial Global Productivity

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Terrestrial Global Productivity

Jacques Roy,Harold A. Mooney,Bernard Saugier
Terrestrial Global Productivity Book PDF

Author : Jacques Roy,Harold A. Mooney,Bernard Saugier
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 598 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2001-05-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080518725

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Terrestrial Global Productivity by Jacques Roy,Harold A. Mooney,Bernard Saugier Pdf

As the global climate changes, there are concomitant changes in global biological productivity. This book is devoted to the assessment of terrestrial Net Primary Productivity ("the total amount of energy acquired by green plants during photosynthesis, minus the energy lost through respiration"--APDS&T, pp. 1457). The book is comprised of three major sections. The first section is a review of the processes that operate globally to influence productivity--these are the initial conditions of any model of primary productivity. The second section is comprised of chapters that assess the contribution of particular ecosystems to global productivity. The final major section contains chapters of a synthetic nature that describe attempts to model global productivity. This book should appeal to both ecologists and environmental scientists.

Methods in Ecosystem Science

Osvaldo E. Sala,Robert B. Jackson,Harold A. Mooney,Robert W. Howarth
Methods in Ecosystem Science Book PDF

Author : Osvaldo E. Sala,Robert B. Jackson,Harold A. Mooney,Robert W. Howarth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461212249

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Methods in Ecosystem Science by Osvaldo E. Sala,Robert B. Jackson,Harold A. Mooney,Robert W. Howarth Pdf

Ecology at the ecosystem level has both necessitated and benefited from new methods and technologies as well as those adapted from other disciplines. With the ascendancy of ecosystem science and management, the need has arisen for a comprehensive treatment of techniques used in this rapidly-growing field. Methods in Ecosystem Science answers that need by synthesizing the advantages, disadvantages and tradeoffs associated with the most commonly used techniques in both aquatic and terrestrial research. The book is divided into sections addressing carbon and energy dynamics, nutrient and water dynamics, manipulative ecosystem experiements and tools to synthesize our understanding of ecosystems. Detailed information about various methods will help researchers choose the most appropriate methods for their particular studies. Prominent scientists discuss how tools from a variety of disciplines can be used in ecosystem science at different scales.

Primary Productivity of the Biosphere

H. Lieth,R.H. Whittaker
Primary Productivity of the Biosphere Book PDF

Author : H. Lieth,R.H. Whittaker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642809132

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Primary Productivity of the Biosphere by H. Lieth,R.H. Whittaker Pdf

The period since World War II, and especially the last decade influenced by the International Biological Program, has seen enormous growth in research on the function of ecosystems. The same period has seen an exponential' rise in environmental problems including the capacity of the Earth to support man's population. The concern extends to man's effects on the "biosphere"-the film of living organisms on the Earth's surface that supports man. The common theme of ecologic research and environmental concerns is primary production the binding of sunlight energy into organic matter by plants that supports all life. Many results from the IBP remain to be synthesized, but enough data are available from that program and other research to develop a convincing sum mary of the primary production of the biosphere-the purpose of this book. The book had its origin in the parallel interests of the two editors and Gene E. Likens, which led them to prepare a symposium on the topic at the Second Biological Congress of the American Institute of Biological Sciences in Miami, Florida, October 24, 1971. Revisions of the papers presented at that symposium appear as Chapters 2, 8, 9, 10, and 15 in this book. We have added other chapters that complement this core; these include discussion and evaluation of methods for measuring productivity and regional production, current findings on tropical productivity, and models of primary productivity.

Remote Sensing of Biosphere Functioning

Richard J. Hobbs,Harold A. Mooney
Remote Sensing of Biosphere Functioning Book PDF

Author : Richard J. Hobbs,Harold A. Mooney
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461233022

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Remote Sensing of Biosphere Functioning by Richard J. Hobbs,Harold A. Mooney Pdf

Harold A. Mooney and Richard J. Hobbs At present there is enormous concern about the changes that are occurring on the surface of the earth and in the earth's atmosphere, primarily as a result of human activities. These changes, particularly in the atmosphere, have the potential for altering the earth's habitability. International pro grams unprecedented in scope, including the International Geosphere Biosphere Program, have been initiated to describe and understand these changes. The global change program will call for coordinated measure ments on a global scale of those interactive physical and biological pro cesses that regulate the earth system. The program will rely heavily on the emerging technology of remote sensing from airborne vehicles, particularly satellites. Satellites offer the potential of continuously viewing large seg ments of the earth's surface, thus documenting the changes that are occur ring. The task, however, is not only to document global change, which will be an enormous job, but also to understand the significance of these changes to the biosphere. Effects on the biosphere may cover all spatial scales from global to local. The possibility of measuring biosphere function remot~ly and continuously from satellite imagery must be explored quickly and thoroughly in order to meet the challenge of understanding the con sequences of global change. Initial guidelines and approaches are currently being formulated (Dyer and Crossley, 1986; JOI, 1984; NAS, 1986; Rasool, 1987). There are many conceptual and technical issues that must be resolved H. A. Mooney and R. J.

Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Carl O. Tamm
Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems Book PDF

Author : Carl O. Tamm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642751684

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Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems by Carl O. Tamm Pdf

Nitrogen is a key element in ecosystem processes. Aspects of local and global changes in nitrogen in both undisturbed and disturbed conditions are discussed. Environmental changes caused by pollution from nitrogenous compounds and changes in landuse are also described. Organisms, plants, animals and microorganisms are all affecting nitrogen supply. Emphasis is placed on natural and anthropogenic transfer of nitrogen between ecosystems and also on the interaction of nitrogen with other bioelements.

Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates

Scott N. Johnson,T. Hefin Jones
Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates Book PDF

Author : Scott N. Johnson,T. Hefin Jones
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-02-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119070900

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Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates by Scott N. Johnson,T. Hefin Jones Pdf

Invertebrates perform such vital roles in global ecosystems—and so strongly influence human wellbeing—that biologist E.O. Wilson was prompted to describe them as “little things that run the world.” As they are such powerful shapers of the world around us, their response to global climate change is also pivotal in meeting myriad challenges looming on the horizon—everything from food security and biodiversity to human disease control. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the latest scientific knowledge and contemporary theory relating to global climate change and terrestrial invertebrates. Featuring contributions from top international experts, this book explores how changes to invertebrate populations will affect human decision making processes across a number of crucial issues, including agriculture, disease control, conservation planning, and resource allocation. Topics covered include methodologies and approaches to predict invertebrate responses, outcomes for disease vectors and ecosystem service providers, underlying mechanisms for community level responses to global climate change, evolutionary consequences and likely effects on interactions among organisms, and many more. Timely and thought-provoking, Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates offers illuminating insights into the profound influence the simplest of organisms may have on the very future of our fragile world.

Climate Change and Global Crop Productivity

K. R. Reddy,H. F. Hodges
Climate Change and Global Crop Productivity Book PDF

Author : K. R. Reddy,H. F. Hodges
Publisher : CABI
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2000-04-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 0851997090

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Climate Change and Global Crop Productivity by K. R. Reddy,H. F. Hodges Pdf

Annotation. Worldwide climatic changes have been raising concerns about potential changes to crop yields and production systems. Such concerns include the ability to accommodate these uncertain effects in order to ensure an adequate food supply for an increasing population. Written by leadinginternational experts, this book is the first comprehensive examination of the potential effects climate change, particularly green house gases, will have on agroecosystems. It also reviews the effects such systems have on climate change itself.

Unifying Concepts in Ecology

W.H. van Dobben,R.H. Lowe-McConnell
Unifying Concepts in Ecology Book PDF

Author : W.H. van Dobben,R.H. Lowe-McConnell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401019545

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Unifying Concepts in Ecology by W.H. van Dobben,R.H. Lowe-McConnell Pdf

The complexity of ecosystems forms perhaps the greatest challenge for natural science. Even the first step to comprehensive analysis, namely a survey of the participating species, often forms a major obstacle. This makes it understandable that ecologists try to abstract general principles from the interrelationships of the multitude of species for use in their efforts to investigate ecosystem dynamics. Such 'unifying concepts' were the main theme of the 'First International Congress of Ecology' organized in The Hague in September 1974 by the International Association of Ecology (INTECOL), under the auspices of the Division of Environmental Biology of the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS). This book contains the papers presented at the plenary sessions of the Congress and a summary of the discussions engendered by them. At the Congress over 800 ecologists from many countries, representing diverse disciplines such as limnology, botany, zoology, microbiology, agriculture, met together for a week. The study of ecosystem dynamics depends on mutual understanding and close cooperation, and to stimulate an integrated approach a number of main speakers were invited to contribute papers on notions such as energy flow, productivity, diversity, stability and maturity from different points of view. These invited papers were presented at the morning plenary sessions, followed by discussions.

Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling

Gordon Bonan
Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling Book PDF

Author : Gordon Bonan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-21
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781107043787

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Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling by Gordon Bonan Pdf

Provides an essential introduction to modeling terrestrial ecosystems in Earth system models for graduate students and researchers.

Ecology and the Environment

Russell K. Monson
Ecology and the Environment Book PDF

Author : Russell K. Monson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2014-10-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 1461475007

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Ecology and the Environment by Russell K. Monson Pdf

In this book, plant biology is considered from the perspective of plants and their surrounding environment, including both biotic and abiotic interactions. The intended audience is undergraduate students in the middle or final phases of their programs of study. Topics are developed to provide a rudimentary understanding of how plant-environment interactions span multiple spatiotemporal scales, and how this rudimentary knowledge can be applied to understand the causes of ecosystem vulnerabilities in the face of global climate change and expansion of natural resource use by human societies. In all chapters connections are made from smaller to larger scales of ecological organization, providing a foundation for understanding plant ecology. Where relevant, environmental threats to ecological systems are identified and future research needs are discussed. As future generations take on the responsibility for managing ecosystem goods and services, one of the most effective resources that can be passed on is accumulated knowledge of how organisms, populations, species, communities and ecosystems function and interact across scales of organization. This book is intended to provide some of that knowledge, and hopefully provide those generations with the ability to avoid some of the catastrophic environmental mistakes that prior generations have made.

Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration
Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-04-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309484527

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Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Developing a Research Agenda for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration Pdf

To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.

Harvesting the Biosphere

Vaclav Smil
Harvesting the Biosphere Book PDF

Author : Vaclav Smil
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262018562

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Harvesting the Biosphere by Vaclav Smil Pdf

An interdisciplinary and quantitative account of human claims on the biosphere's stores of living matter, from prehistoric hunting to modern energy production. The biosphere—the Earth's thin layer of life—dates from nearly four billion years ago, when the first simple organisms appeared. Many species have exerted enormous influence on the biosphere's character and productivity, but none has transformed the Earth in so many ways and on such a scale as Homo sapiens. In Harvesting the Biosphere, Vaclav Smil offers an interdisciplinary and quantitative account of human claims on the biosphere's stores of living matter, from prehistory to the present day. Smil examines all harvests—from prehistoric man's hunting of megafauna to modern crop production—and all uses of harvested biomass, including energy, food, and raw materials. Without harvesting of the biomass, Smil points out, there would be no story of human evolution and advancing civilization; but at the same time, the increasing extent and intensity of present-day biomass harvests are changing the very foundations of civilization's well-being. In his detailed and comprehensive account, Smil presents the best possible quantifications of past and current global losses in order to assess the evolution and extent of biomass harvests. Drawing on the latest work in disciplines ranging from anthropology to environmental science, Smil offers a valuable long-term, planet-wide perspective on human-caused environmental change.

Terrestrial Photosynthesis in a Changing Environment

Jaume Flexas,Francesco Loreto,Hipólito Medrano
Terrestrial Photosynthesis in a Changing Environment Book PDF

Author : Jaume Flexas,Francesco Loreto,Hipólito Medrano
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 753 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-07-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780521899413

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Terrestrial Photosynthesis in a Changing Environment by Jaume Flexas,Francesco Loreto,Hipólito Medrano Pdf

An integrated guide to photosynthesis in an environmentally dynamic context, covering all aspects from basic concepts to methodologies.

The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change

Brian Walker
The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change Book PDF

Author : Brian Walker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1999-03-25
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521624800

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The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change by Brian Walker Pdf

Summarises understanding of global change interactions with terrestrial ecosystems.

Global Trends 2040

National Intelligence Council
Global Trends 2040 Book PDF

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1646794974

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Global Trends 2040 by National Intelligence Council Pdf

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.