Private Military And Security Companies And States

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Private Military and Security Companies and States

Christopher Spearin
Private Military and Security Companies and States Book PDF

Author : Christopher Spearin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2017-08-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319549033

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Private Military and Security Companies and States by Christopher Spearin Pdf

This book identifies and explains the functional and ideational boundaries regarding what states and Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) both do and possess regarding land power, sea power, and air power. Whereas the mercenaries, privateers, and chartered companies of years past held similar characteristics to state military forces, the PMSCs of today are dissimilar for two reasons: a conventional forces norm amongst states and a state proclivity towards the offensive. These factors reveal both the limitations of and the possibilities for contemporary security privatization. This volume is ideal for civilian and military practitioners and students wishing to develop a detailed understanding of what the private military and security industry has to offer and why it is structured the way it is.

State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict

Hannah Tonkin
State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict Book PDF

Author : Hannah Tonkin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781139499453

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State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict by Hannah Tonkin Pdf

The past two decades have witnessed the rapid proliferation of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflicts around the world, with PMSCs participating in, for example, offensive combat, prisoner interrogation and the provision of advice and training. The extensive outsourcing of military and security activities has challenged conventional conceptions of the state as the primary holder of coercive power and raised concerns about the reduction in state control over the use of violence. Hannah Tonkin critically analyses the international obligations on three key states - the hiring state, the home state and the host state of a PMSC - and identifies the circumstances in which PMSC misconduct may give rise to state responsibility. This analysis will facilitate the assessment of state responsibility in cases of PMSC misconduct and set standards to guide states in developing their domestic laws and policies on private security.

Private Military and Security Companies

Erika Calazans
Private Military and Security Companies Book PDF

Author : Erika Calazans
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781443893954

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Private Military and Security Companies by Erika Calazans Pdf

This book’s primary concern is the application of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in addressing the business conduct of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) during armed conflicts, as well as state responsibility for human rights violations and current attempts at international regulation. The book discusses four interconnected themes. First, it differentiates private contractors from mercenaries, presenting an historical overview of private violence. Second, it situates PMSCs’ employees under the legal status of civilian or combatant in accordance with the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions of 1949. It then investigates the existing law on state responsibility and what sort of responsibility companies and their employees can face. Finally, the book explores current developments on regulation within the industry, on national, regional and international levels. These themes are connected by the argument that, in order to find gaps in the existing laws, it is necessary to establish what they are, what law is applicable and what further developments are needed.

Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability

George Andreopoulos,John Kleinig
Private Military and Security Companies PMSCs and the Quest for Accountability Book PDF

Author : George Andreopoulos,John Kleinig
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000022537

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Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability by George Andreopoulos,John Kleinig Pdf

Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) have constituted a perennial feature of the security landscape. Yet, it is their involvement in and conduct during the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan that have transformed the outsourcing of security services into such a pressing public policy and world-order issue. The PMSCs’ ubiquitous presence in armed conflict situations, as well as in post-conflict reconstruction, their diverse list of clients (governments in the developed and developing world, non-state armed groups, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, and international corporations) and, in the context of armed conflict situations, involvement in instances of gross misconduct, have raised serious accountability issues. The prominence of PMSCs in conflict zones has generated critical questions concerning the very concept of security and the role of private force, a rethinking of "essential governmental functions," a rearticulation of the distinction between public/private and global/local in the context of the creation of new forms of "security governance," and a consideration of the relevance, as well as limitations, of existing regulatory frameworks that include domestic and international law (in particular international human rights law and international humanitarian law). This book critically examines the growing role of PMSCs in conflict and post-conflict situations, as part of a broader trend towards the outsourcing of security functions. Particular emphasis is placed on key moral, legal, and political considerations involved in the privatization of such functions, on the impact of outsourcing on security governance, and on the main challenges confronting efforts to hold PMSCs accountable through a combination of formal and informal, domestic as well as international, regulatory mechanisms and processes. It will be of interest to scholars, policymakers, practitioners and advocates for a more transparent and humane security order. This book was published as a special issue of Criminal Justice Ethics.

Private Military and Security Companies

Andrew Alexandra,Deane-Peter Baker,Marina Caparini
Private Military and Security Companies Book PDF

Author : Andrew Alexandra,Deane-Peter Baker,Marina Caparini
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2009-10-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134081875

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Private Military and Security Companies by Andrew Alexandra,Deane-Peter Baker,Marina Caparini Pdf

This edited book provides an interdisciplinary, state-of-the-art overview of the growing phenomenon of private military companies.

Private Military and Security Companies

Thomas Jäger,Gerhard Kümmel
Private Military and Security Companies Book PDF

Author : Thomas Jäger,Gerhard Kümmel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2009-04-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783531903132

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Private Military and Security Companies by Thomas Jäger,Gerhard Kümmel Pdf

Private Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmen erleben seit den 1990er Jahren einen außerordentlichen Boom und sind derzeit eines der spannendsten Phänomene in den internationalen Beziehungen. Die Palette der von ihnen angebotenen Dienstleistungen ist groß. Sie reichen von logistischer Unterstützung über Aufklärung bis hin zu Kampfeinsätzen. Zu ihren Kunden zählen Regierungen, Wirtschaftsunternehmen, internationale Organisationen, NGOs, humanitäre Organisationen sowie Privatpersonen. Gegenwärtig lässt sich an den Auseinandersetzungen im Irak sowohl die Aktualität wie auch die Brisanz ihres Einsatzes illustrieren, gibt es doch Anzeichen dafür, dass Beschäftigte solcher Unternehmen u.a. in die Folterung von Gefangenen verwickelt sind. Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes aus der Feder nationaler wie internationaler Expertinnen und Experten beschreiben und analysieren verschiedene Typen von privaten Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmens, ihre Dienstleistungen und die Umstände, die ihren Boom befördert haben. Sie diskutieren die Vor- wie auch die Nachteile ihres Einsatzes und beschreiben Instrumente, die die Tätigkeit dieser Unternehmen stärker reglementieren und kontrollieren könnten.

The Markets for Force

Molly Dunigan,Ulrich Petersohn
The Markets for Force Book PDF

Author : Molly Dunigan,Ulrich Petersohn
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2015-01-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780812291438

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The Markets for Force by Molly Dunigan,Ulrich Petersohn Pdf

The Markets for Force examines and compares the markets for private military and security contractors in twelve nations: Argentina, Guatemala, Peru, Ecuador, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Russia, Afghanistan, China, Canada, and the United States. Editors Molly Dunigan and Ulrich Petersohn argue that the global market for force is actually a conglomeration of many types of markets that vary according to local politics and geostrategic context. Each case study investigates the particular characteristics of the region's market, how each market evolved into its current form, and what consequence the privatized market may have for state military force and the provision of public safety. The comparative standpoint sheds light on better-known markets but also those less frequently studied, such as the state-owned and -managed security companies in China, militaries working for private sector extractive industries in Ecuador and Peru, and the ways warlord forces overlap with private security companies in Afghanistan. An invaluable resource for scholars and policymakers alike, The Markets for Force offers both an empirical analysis of variations in private military and security companies across the globe and deeper theoretical knowledge of how such markets develop. Contributors: Olivia Allison, Oldrich Bures, Jennifer Catallo, Molly Dunigan, Scott Fitzsimmons, Maiah Jaskoski, Kristina Mani, Carlos Ortiz, Ulrich Petersohn, Jake Sherman, Christopher Spearin.

State Control Over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict

Hannah Tonkin
State Control Over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict Book PDF

Author : Hannah Tonkin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Combatants and noncombatants (International law)
ISBN : OCLC:1090048127

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State Control Over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict by Hannah Tonkin Pdf

The past two decades have witnessed the rapid growth and consolidation of the global private security industry. Tens of thousands of contractors working for private military and security companies (PMSCs) now provide a wide range of services to states, international organisations, corporations and non-governmental organisations around the world. Many PMSCs operate in zones of armed conflict, where they carry out functions that were formerly the exclusive domain of the armed forces. In this context, PMSCs have performed coercive activities such as offensive combat, armed security and the detention and interrogation of prisoners, as well as non-coercive activities such as military advice and training, transport, housing and intelligence collection and analysis"

Privatizing War

Lindsey Cameron,Vincent Chetail
Privatizing War Book PDF

Author : Lindsey Cameron,Vincent Chetail
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781107328686

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Privatizing War by Lindsey Cameron,Vincent Chetail Pdf

A growing number of states use private military and security companies (PMSCs) for a variety of tasks, which were traditionally fulfilled by soldiers. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the law that applies to PMSCs active in situations of armed conflict, focusing on international humanitarian law. It examines the limits in international law on how states may use private actors, taking the debate beyond the question of whether PMSCs are mercenaries. The authors delve into issues such as how PMSCs are bound by humanitarian law, whether their staff are civilians or combatants, and how the use of force in self-defence relates to direct participation in hostilities, a key issue for an industry that operates by exploiting the right to use force in self-defence. Throughout, the authors identify how existing legal obligations, including under state and individual criminal responsibility should play a role in the regulation of the industry.

Public International Law and Human Rights Violations by Private Military and Security Companies

Helena Torroja
Public International Law and Human Rights Violations by Private Military and Security Companies Book PDF

Author : Helena Torroja
Publisher : Springer
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-23
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783319660981

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Public International Law and Human Rights Violations by Private Military and Security Companies by Helena Torroja Pdf

This book explores the human rights consequences of the new mercenarism, as channeled through so-called private military and security companies (PMSCs), and offers an overview of the evolution and status quo of both non-legal (soft law and self-regulation) and legal initiatives seeking to limit them. It addresses various topics, including the impact of the presence of non-state actors on human security using the cases of Afghanistan and Syria; research on PMSCs’ impact on human rights in specific cases; the insufficiency and ineffectiveness of existing direct and indirect legal prohibitions on the use of mercenaries; various aspects of international human rights law and international humanitarian law related to the conduct of PMSCs; soft-law and self-regulation mechanisms; and the international minimum standard in general international law regarding the privatization, export, import, and contracting of PMSCs.

Private Military and Security Companies as Legitimate Governors

Berenike Prem
Private Military and Security Companies as Legitimate Governors Book PDF

Author : Berenike Prem
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429826009

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Private Military and Security Companies as Legitimate Governors by Berenike Prem Pdf

This book examines the legitimation of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), focusing on the controversy between PMSCs and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). While existing studies disproportionately emphasizes the ability for companies and their clients to dominate and shape perceptions of the industry, this book offers an alternative explanation for the oft-cited normalization of PMSCs and the trend to privatize security by analyzing the changing relationship between PMSCs and NGOs. It uses the concept of ‘norm entrepreneurship’ to elucidate the legitimation game between these two dissimilar actors. Starting from the 1990s, the book shows that the relationship between PMSCs and NGOs has undergone a transition by literally moving from ‘the barricades to the boardrooms’. After years of fierce advocacy and PR campaigns against PMSCs, today both actors increasingly collaborate in multi-stakeholder initiatives, elevating the status of PMSCs from a scorned actor to a trusted partner in the regulation of the industry. The work offers a comprehensive explanation of when and why this kind of collective norm entrepreneurship is likely to occur. This book will be of interest to students of PMSCs, critical security studies, global governance, international norms, and International Relations.

Private Security, Public Order

Simon Chesterman,Angelina Fisher
Private Security Public Order Book PDF

Author : Simon Chesterman,Angelina Fisher
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-11-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191610271

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Private Security, Public Order by Simon Chesterman,Angelina Fisher Pdf

Private actors are increasingly taking on roles traditionally arrogated to the state. Both in the industrialized North and the developing South, functions essential to external and internal security and to the satisfaction of basic human needs are routinely contracted out to non-state agents. In the area of privatization of security functions, attention by academics and policy makers tends to focus on the activities of private military and security companies, especially in the context of armed conflicts, and their impact on human rights and post-conflict stability and reconstruction. The first edited volume emerging from New York University School of Law's Institute for International Justice project on private military and security companies, From Mercenaries to Market: The Rise and Regulation of Private Military Companies broadened this debate to situate the private military phenomenon in the context of moves towards the regulation of activities through market and non-market mechanisms. Where that first volume looked at the emerging market for use of force, this second volume looks at the transformations in the nature of state authority. Drawing on insights from work on privatization, regulation, and accountability in the emerging field of global administrative law, the book examines private military and security companies through the wider lens of private actors performing public functions. In the past two decades, the responsibilities delegated to such actors - especially but not only in the United States - have grown exponentially. The central question of this volume is whether there should be any limits on government capacity to outsource traditionally "public" functions. Can and should a government put out to private tender the fulfilment of military, intelligence, and prison services? Can and should it transfer control of utilities essential to life, such as the supply of water? This discussion incorporates numerous perspectives on regulatory and governance issues in the private provision of public functions, but focuses primarily on private actors offering services that impact the fundamental rights of the affected population.

Outsorcing of Security to private Military Contractors: State Responsibilities

Nicholas Sunday
Outsorcing of Security to private Military Contractors State Responsibilities Book PDF

Author : Nicholas Sunday
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-02-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783656377528

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Outsorcing of Security to private Military Contractors: State Responsibilities by Nicholas Sunday Pdf

Research paper from the year 2012 in the subject Law - Miscellaneous, grade: A, , course: LLM INTERNATIONAL LAW, language: English, abstract: The monopoly of the use of force granted to modern States by its citizens is a relatively new phenomenon. Private armies have been operating in European States till the XIX century. The use of mercenaries has been historically a constant phenomenon till almost the end of the XX century, when their activities were criminalized by the international community. Parallel to that phenomenon during the European colonial expansion over all continents, governments had authorized two other forms of similar violence by non-state actors: the corsairs and the colonial merchant companies.

States, Citizens and the Privatisation of Security

Elke Krahmann
States Citizens and the Privatisation of Security Book PDF

Author : Elke Krahmann
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2010-02-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781139483681

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States, Citizens and the Privatisation of Security by Elke Krahmann Pdf

Recent years have seen a growing role for private military contractors in national and international security. To understand the reasons for this, Elke Krahmann examines changing models of the state, the citizen and the soldier in the UK, the US and Germany. She focuses on both the national differences with regard to the outsourcing of military services to private companies and their specific consequences for the democratic control over the legitimate use of armed force. Tracing developments and debates from the late eighteenth century to the present, she explains the transition from the centralized warfare state of the Cold War era to the privatized and fragmented security governance, and the different national attitudes to the privatization of force.

Private Military and Security Contractors

Jr. Schaub, Gary,Ryan Kelty
Private Military and Security Contractors Book PDF

Author : Jr. Schaub, Gary,Ryan Kelty
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442260238

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Private Military and Security Contractors by Jr. Schaub, Gary,Ryan Kelty Pdf

A multinational team of scholars and experts address the issue of controlling the use of privatized forces by states. They address the role of contract employees, their acceptance by military personnel, and possible tensions between them.