Private Military And Security Contractors

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Private Military and Security Companies

Erika Calazans
Private Military and Security Companies Book PDF

Author : Erika Calazans
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781443893954

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Private Military and Security Companies by Erika Calazans Pdf

This book’s primary concern is the application of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in addressing the business conduct of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) during armed conflicts, as well as state responsibility for human rights violations and current attempts at international regulation. The book discusses four interconnected themes. First, it differentiates private contractors from mercenaries, presenting an historical overview of private violence. Second, it situates PMSCs’ employees under the legal status of civilian or combatant in accordance with the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions of 1949. It then investigates the existing law on state responsibility and what sort of responsibility companies and their employees can face. Finally, the book explores current developments on regulation within the industry, on national, regional and international levels. These themes are connected by the argument that, in order to find gaps in the existing laws, it is necessary to establish what they are, what law is applicable and what further developments are needed.

Private Military and Security Companies

Thomas Jäger,Gerhard Kümmel
Private Military and Security Companies Book PDF

Author : Thomas Jäger,Gerhard Kümmel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2009-04-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783531903132

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Private Military and Security Companies by Thomas Jäger,Gerhard Kümmel Pdf

Private Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmen erleben seit den 1990er Jahren einen außerordentlichen Boom und sind derzeit eines der spannendsten Phänomene in den internationalen Beziehungen. Die Palette der von ihnen angebotenen Dienstleistungen ist groß. Sie reichen von logistischer Unterstützung über Aufklärung bis hin zu Kampfeinsätzen. Zu ihren Kunden zählen Regierungen, Wirtschaftsunternehmen, internationale Organisationen, NGOs, humanitäre Organisationen sowie Privatpersonen. Gegenwärtig lässt sich an den Auseinandersetzungen im Irak sowohl die Aktualität wie auch die Brisanz ihres Einsatzes illustrieren, gibt es doch Anzeichen dafür, dass Beschäftigte solcher Unternehmen u.a. in die Folterung von Gefangenen verwickelt sind. Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes aus der Feder nationaler wie internationaler Expertinnen und Experten beschreiben und analysieren verschiedene Typen von privaten Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmens, ihre Dienstleistungen und die Umstände, die ihren Boom befördert haben. Sie diskutieren die Vor- wie auch die Nachteile ihres Einsatzes und beschreiben Instrumente, die die Tätigkeit dieser Unternehmen stärker reglementieren und kontrollieren könnten.

State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict

Hannah Tonkin
State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict Book PDF

Author : Hannah Tonkin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2011-08-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781139499453

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State Control over Private Military and Security Companies in Armed Conflict by Hannah Tonkin Pdf

The past two decades have witnessed the rapid proliferation of private military and security companies (PMSCs) in armed conflicts around the world, with PMSCs participating in, for example, offensive combat, prisoner interrogation and the provision of advice and training. The extensive outsourcing of military and security activities has challenged conventional conceptions of the state as the primary holder of coercive power and raised concerns about the reduction in state control over the use of violence. Hannah Tonkin critically analyses the international obligations on three key states - the hiring state, the home state and the host state of a PMSC - and identifies the circumstances in which PMSC misconduct may give rise to state responsibility. This analysis will facilitate the assessment of state responsibility in cases of PMSC misconduct and set standards to guide states in developing their domestic laws and policies on private security.

UN Use of Private Military and Security Companies

Åse Gilje Østensen
UN Use of Private Military and Security Companies Book PDF

Author : Åse Gilje Østensen
Publisher : Ubiquity Press
Page : 83 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2011-11-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781911529309

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UN Use of Private Military and Security Companies by Åse Gilje Østensen Pdf

Although subject to little discussion, the UN has increasingly paid private military and security companies (PMSCs) for a range of services in the areas of humanitarian affairs, peacebuilding and development. However, this practice has rarely translated into coherent policies or guidelines that could guide the UN in setting standards or ensuring responsible contracting procedures. This paper explores UN demand for PMSCs and identifies the need for a more proactive, sensitive and deliberate political approach in order to avoid potential pitfalls associated with involving PMSCs in the delivery of UN tasks.

Private Military and Security Contractors

Jr. Schaub, Gary,Ryan Kelty
Private Military and Security Contractors Book PDF

Author : Jr. Schaub, Gary,Ryan Kelty
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442260238

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Private Military and Security Contractors by Jr. Schaub, Gary,Ryan Kelty Pdf

A multinational team of scholars and experts address the issue of controlling the use of privatized forces by states. They address the role of contract employees, their acceptance by military personnel, and possible tensions between them.

Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability

George Andreopoulos,John Kleinig
Private Military and Security Companies PMSCs and the Quest for Accountability Book PDF

Author : George Andreopoulos,John Kleinig
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000022537

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Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and the Quest for Accountability by George Andreopoulos,John Kleinig Pdf

Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) have constituted a perennial feature of the security landscape. Yet, it is their involvement in and conduct during the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan that have transformed the outsourcing of security services into such a pressing public policy and world-order issue. The PMSCs’ ubiquitous presence in armed conflict situations, as well as in post-conflict reconstruction, their diverse list of clients (governments in the developed and developing world, non-state armed groups, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, and international corporations) and, in the context of armed conflict situations, involvement in instances of gross misconduct, have raised serious accountability issues. The prominence of PMSCs in conflict zones has generated critical questions concerning the very concept of security and the role of private force, a rethinking of "essential governmental functions," a rearticulation of the distinction between public/private and global/local in the context of the creation of new forms of "security governance," and a consideration of the relevance, as well as limitations, of existing regulatory frameworks that include domestic and international law (in particular international human rights law and international humanitarian law). This book critically examines the growing role of PMSCs in conflict and post-conflict situations, as part of a broader trend towards the outsourcing of security functions. Particular emphasis is placed on key moral, legal, and political considerations involved in the privatization of such functions, on the impact of outsourcing on security governance, and on the main challenges confronting efforts to hold PMSCs accountable through a combination of formal and informal, domestic as well as international, regulatory mechanisms and processes. It will be of interest to scholars, policymakers, practitioners and advocates for a more transparent and humane security order. This book was published as a special issue of Criminal Justice Ethics.

Private Military and Security Companies

Andrew Alexandra,Deane-Peter Baker,Marina Caparini
Private Military and Security Companies Book PDF

Author : Andrew Alexandra,Deane-Peter Baker,Marina Caparini
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2009-10-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134081875

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Private Military and Security Companies by Andrew Alexandra,Deane-Peter Baker,Marina Caparini Pdf

This edited book provides an interdisciplinary, state-of-the-art overview of the growing phenomenon of private military companies.

Private Security Contractors and New Wars

Kateri Carmola
Private Security Contractors and New Wars Book PDF

Author : Kateri Carmola
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2010-02-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135153281

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Private Security Contractors and New Wars by Kateri Carmola Pdf

This book addresses the ambiguities of the growing use of private security contractors and provides guidance as to how our expectations about regulating this expanding ‘service’ industry will have to be adjusted. In the warzones of Iraq and Afghanistan many of those who carry weapons are not legally combatants, nor are they protected civilians. They are contracted by governments, businesses, and NGOs to provide armed security. Often mistaken as members of armed forces, they are instead part of a new protean proxy force that works alongside the military in a multitude of shifting roles, and overseen by a matrix of contracts and regulations. This book analyzes the growing industry of these private military and security companies (PMSCs) used in warzones and other high risk areas. PMSCs are the result of a unique combination of circumstances, including a change in the idea of soldiering, insurance industry analyses that require security contractors, and a need for governments to distance themselves from potentially criminal conduct. The book argues that PMSCs are a unique type of organization, combining attributes from worlds of the military, business, and humanitarian organizations. This makes them particularly resistant to oversight. The legal status of these companies and those they employ is also hard to ascertain, which weakens the multiple regulatory tools available. PMSCs also fall between the cracks in ethical debates about their use, seeming to be both justifiable and objectionable. This transformation in military operations is a seemingly irreversible product of more general changes in the relationship between the individual citizen and the state. This book will be of much interest to students of private security companies, war and conflict studies, security studies and IR in general. Kateri Carmola is the Christian A. Johnson Professor of Political Science at Middlebury College in Vermont. She received her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley.

Private Military and Security Companies and States

Christopher Spearin
Private Military and Security Companies and States Book PDF

Author : Christopher Spearin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319549033

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Private Military and Security Companies and States by Christopher Spearin Pdf

This book identifies and explains the functional and ideational boundaries regarding what states and Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) both do and possess regarding land power, sea power, and air power. Whereas the mercenaries, privateers, and chartered companies of years past held similar characteristics to state military forces, the PMSCs of today are dissimilar for two reasons: a conventional forces norm amongst states and a state proclivity towards the offensive. These factors reveal both the limitations of and the possibilities for contemporary security privatization. This volume is ideal for civilian and military practitioners and students wishing to develop a detailed understanding of what the private military and security industry has to offer and why it is structured the way it is.

Corporate Soldiers and International Security

Christopher Kinsey
Corporate Soldiers and International Security Book PDF

Author : Christopher Kinsey
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2006-06-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134214099

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Corporate Soldiers and International Security by Christopher Kinsey Pdf

This book traces the history of private military companies, with a special focus on UK private forces. Christopher Kinsey examines the mercenary companies that filled the ranks of many European armies right up to the 1850s, the organizations that operated in Africa in the 1960s and early 1970s, the rise of legally established private military companies in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and today’s private and important actors in international security and post-conflict reconstruction. He shows how and why the change from the mercenary organizations of the 1960s and 1970s came about, as the increasing newness of private military companies came to be recognised. It then examines how PMCs have been able to impact upon international security. Finally, Kinsey looks at the type of problems and advantages that can arise for organizations that decide to use private military companies and how they can make an unique contribution to international security. Corporate Soldiers and International Security will be of great interest to all students of international politics, security studies and war studies.

Outsourcing Security

Bruce Edwin Stanley
Outsourcing Security Book PDF

Author : Bruce Edwin Stanley
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781612347608

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Outsourcing Security by Bruce Edwin Stanley Pdf

Faced with a decreasing supply of national troops, dwindling defense budgets, and the ever-rising demand for boots on the ground in global conflicts and humanitarian emergencies, decision makers are left with little choice but to legalize and legitimize the use of private military contractors (PMCs). Outsourcing Security examines the impact that bureaucratic controls and the increasing permissiveness of security environments have had on the U.S. military’s growing use of PMCs during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Bruce E. Stanley examines the relationship between the rise of the private security industry and five potential explanatory variables tied to supply-and-demand theory in six historical cases, including Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the U.S. intervention in Bosnia in 1995, and Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. Outsourcing Security is the only work that moves beyond a descriptive account of the rise of PMCs to lay out a precise theory explaining the phenomenon and providing a framework for those considering PMCs in future global interaction.

Victory for Hire

Molly Dunigan
Victory for Hire Book PDF

Author : Molly Dunigan
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2011-02-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780804777414

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Victory for Hire by Molly Dunigan Pdf

At peak utilization, private security contractors (PSCs) constituted a larger occupying force in Iraq and Afghanistan than did U.S. troops. Yet, no book has so far assessed the impact of private security companies on military effectiveness. Filling that gap, Molly Dunigan reveals how the increasing tendency to outsource missions to PSCs has significant ramifications for both tactical and long-term strategic military effectiveness—and for the likelihood that the democracies that deploy PSCs will be victorious in warfare, both over the short- and long-term. She highlights some of the ongoing problems with deploying large numbers of private security contractors alongside the military, specifically identifying the deployment scenarios involving PSCs that are most likely to have either positive or negative implications for military effectiveness. She then provides detailed recommendations to alleviate these problems. Given the likelihood that the U.S. will continue to use PSCs in future contingencies, this book has real implications for the future of U.S. military and foreign policy.

Shadow Force

David Isenberg
Shadow Force Book PDF

Author : David Isenberg
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2008-12-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780275996345

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Shadow Force by David Isenberg Pdf

From their limited use in China during World War II, for example, to their often clandestine use in Vietnam ferrying supplies before the war escalated in 1964 and 1965 when their role became more prominent-and public-private military contractors (PMCs) have played made essential contributions to the success and failures of the military and United States. Today, with an emphasis on force restructuring mandated by the Pentagon, the role of PMCs, and their impact on policy-making decisions is at an all time peak. This work analyzes that impact, focusing specifically on PMCs in Iraq since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003. Isenberg dissects their responsibilities, the friction that exists between contractors and military commanders, problems of protocol and accountability, as well as the problems of regulation and control that PMC companies create for domestic politics. Isenberg organizes his work thematically, addressing all facets of PMCs in the current conflict from identifying who the most influential companies are and how they got to that point, to the issues that the government, military, and contractors themselves face when they take the field. He also analyzes the problem of command, control, and accountability. It is no secret that PMCs have been the source of consternation and grief to American military commanders in the field. As they work to establish more routine protocols in the field, however, questions are also being raised about the role of the contractors here at home. The domestic political arena is perhaps the most crucial battleground on which the contractors must have success. After all, they make their corporate living off of taxpayer dollars, and as such, calls for regulation have resonated throughout Washington, D.C., growing louder as the profile of PMCs increases during the current conflict.

Soldiers of Misfortune? [Declassified Press]

Thomas Mockaitis
Soldiers of Misfortune Declassified Press Book PDF

Author : Thomas Mockaitis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1536956422

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Soldiers of Misfortune? [Declassified Press] by Thomas Mockaitis Pdf

Private contractors have become an essential but highly problematic element in the U.S. military's total force structure. The Army in particular relies heavily on contractors to perform duties that free up Soldiers for combat roles. The vast majority of these civilian employees provide logistical and technical support. They build facilities, do laundry, and staff dining halls on U.S. bases at home and abroad. While some of these contractors have been involved in issues of waste, fraud, and abuse, these issues do not have a significant effect on the conduct of contingency operations, especially counterinsurgency (COIN) campaigns.The same cannot be said of a small subset of military contractors known as private military security contractors (PMSCs). PMSCs provide armed security personnel to support contingency operations abroad. They provide heavily armed personal security details for the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of State (DoS), the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), construction contractors, nongovernmental and international organizations (NGOs and IOs), and even private individuals. They also supply static security guards for bases and other facilities, and escort supply convoys in conflict zones. These activities have embroiled them in escalation-of-force and other incidents that have undermined mission goals and objectives. Reigning in security contractors thus presents a major challenge for the U.S. Government in general and the Army in particular.

The Morality of Private War

James Pattison
The Morality of Private War Book PDF

Author : James Pattison
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199639700

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The Morality of Private War by James Pattison Pdf

The private military industry has been growing rapidly since the end of the Cold War. This work uses normative political theory to assess the leading moral arguments for and against the use of private military and security companies.