Private Security Contractors And New Wars

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Private Security Contractors and New Wars

Kateri Carmola
Private Security Contractors and New Wars Book PDF

Author : Kateri Carmola
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010-02-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135153281

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Private Security Contractors and New Wars by Kateri Carmola Pdf

This book addresses the ambiguities of the growing use of private security contractors and provides guidance as to how our expectations about regulating this expanding ‘service’ industry will have to be adjusted. In the warzones of Iraq and Afghanistan many of those who carry weapons are not legally combatants, nor are they protected civilians. They are contracted by governments, businesses, and NGOs to provide armed security. Often mistaken as members of armed forces, they are instead part of a new protean proxy force that works alongside the military in a multitude of shifting roles, and overseen by a matrix of contracts and regulations. This book analyzes the growing industry of these private military and security companies (PMSCs) used in warzones and other high risk areas. PMSCs are the result of a unique combination of circumstances, including a change in the idea of soldiering, insurance industry analyses that require security contractors, and a need for governments to distance themselves from potentially criminal conduct. The book argues that PMSCs are a unique type of organization, combining attributes from worlds of the military, business, and humanitarian organizations. This makes them particularly resistant to oversight. The legal status of these companies and those they employ is also hard to ascertain, which weakens the multiple regulatory tools available. PMSCs also fall between the cracks in ethical debates about their use, seeming to be both justifiable and objectionable. This transformation in military operations is a seemingly irreversible product of more general changes in the relationship between the individual citizen and the state. This book will be of much interest to students of private security companies, war and conflict studies, security studies and IR in general. Kateri Carmola is the Christian A. Johnson Professor of Political Science at Middlebury College in Vermont. She received her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley.

Private Military and Security Companies

Erika Calazans
Private Military and Security Companies Book PDF

Author : Erika Calazans
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2016-05-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781443893954

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Private Military and Security Companies by Erika Calazans Pdf

This book’s primary concern is the application of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in addressing the business conduct of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) during armed conflicts, as well as state responsibility for human rights violations and current attempts at international regulation. The book discusses four interconnected themes. First, it differentiates private contractors from mercenaries, presenting an historical overview of private violence. Second, it situates PMSCs’ employees under the legal status of civilian or combatant in accordance with the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions of 1949. It then investigates the existing law on state responsibility and what sort of responsibility companies and their employees can face. Finally, the book explores current developments on regulation within the industry, on national, regional and international levels. These themes are connected by the argument that, in order to find gaps in the existing laws, it is necessary to establish what they are, what law is applicable and what further developments are needed.

Private Militaries and the Security Industry in Civil Wars

Seden Akcinaroglu,Elizabeth Radziszewski
Private Militaries and the Security Industry in Civil Wars Book PDF

Author : Seden Akcinaroglu,Elizabeth Radziszewski
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780197520819

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Private Militaries and the Security Industry in Civil Wars by Seden Akcinaroglu,Elizabeth Radziszewski Pdf

Since the 1990s, private military and security companies (PMSCs) have intervened in civil wars around the globe. International, legally registered corporate actors have assisted governments with a myriad of tasks including combat support, logistics, army and police training, intelligence analysis, and guard services. However, reports that such contractors have been responsible for human rights abuses have spurred the need to evaluate the industry's impact on conflicts. Are these contractors effective in curbing violence or does emphasis on profit and lack of accountability get in the way? And how can governments improve PMSCs' commitment to contractual obligations, including adherence to international humanitarian laws? This book identifies two market forces that impact PMSCs' military effectiveness: local or conflict-level competition and global or industry-level competition. Specifically, Seden Akcinaroglu and Elizabeth Radziszewski challenge the assumption that interventions by profit-driven coporations are likely to destabilize areas engaged in war, and provide data that private contractors do contribute to conflict termination under certain circumstances. They argue that competitive market pressure creates a strong monitoring system and that the company's corporate structure and external competitive environment in a given conflict help to explain the variance in accountability to clients. Including an analysis of data on international PMSCs' interventions in civil wars from 1990-2008, Akcinaroglu and Radziszewski show the impact of competition on companies' contribution to the termination of different types of civil wars.

Mercenaries and War

National Defense University Press,Sean McFate
Mercenaries and War Book PDF

Author : National Defense University Press,Sean McFate
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-18
Category : Mercenary troops
ISBN : 1678665231

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Mercenaries and War by National Defense University Press,Sean McFate Pdf

Mercenaries are more powerful than experts realize, a grave oversight. Those who assume they are cheap imitations of national armed forces invite disaster because for-profit warriors are a wholly different genus and species of fighter. Private military companies such as the Wagner Group are more like heavily armed multinational corporations than the Marine Corps. Their employees are recruited from different countries, and profitability is everything. Patriotism is unimportant, and sometimes a liability. Unsurprisingly, mercenaries do not fight conventionally, and traditional war strategies used against them may backfire.

The Morality of Private War

James Pattison
The Morality of Private War Book PDF

Author : James Pattison
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199639700

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The Morality of Private War by James Pattison Pdf

The private military industry has been growing rapidly since the end of the Cold War. This work uses normative political theory to assess the leading moral arguments for and against the use of private military and security companies.

New Wars and New Soldiers

Asst Prof Jessica Wolfendale,Dr Paolo Tripodi
New Wars and New Soldiers Book PDF

Author : Asst Prof Jessica Wolfendale,Dr Paolo Tripodi
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781409489290

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New Wars and New Soldiers by Asst Prof Jessica Wolfendale,Dr Paolo Tripodi Pdf

Modern conflicts now bear little relation to traditional wars between states. The threat of terrorism, the creation of new military technologies, the rise of private military companies, and the increasing involvement of the military in counter-terrorism and humanitarian operations all pose challenges to traditional ideas about the ethics of war, the relevance of current international law governing armed conflict, and Just War theory. How, then, should military ethics approach these new forms of conflict? Modern military ethics now includes work from disciplines as diverse as philosophy, history, sociology, international relations, politics, and psychology. This diversity of approaches suggests that the approach to contemporary military ethics that is best suited to understanding the wars of today is a broad multidisciplinary vision. By bringing together contributors from philosophy, international relations, security studies, and strategic studies, this volume offers just such an interdisciplinary analysis. The chapters in this volume explore the ethical issues posed by recent developments in both the nature and conduct of war, as well as focusing on the role and needs of modern military personnel. This comprehensive approach allows the reader to see the broad scope of modern military ethics, and to understand the numerous questions about modern conflict that require critical scrutiny. Aimed at both military and academic audiences, this volume will be of significant interest to researchers and students in philosophy, sociology, military and strategic studies, international relations, politics, and security studies.

The Modern Mercenary

Sean McFate
The Modern Mercenary Book PDF

Author : Sean McFate
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780190621087

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The Modern Mercenary by Sean McFate Pdf

In The Modern Mercenary, Sean McFate lays bare this opaque world, explaining the economic structure of the industry and showing in detail how firms operate on the ground. A former U.S. Army paratrooper and private military contractor, McFate provides an unparalleled perspective into the nuts and bolts of the industry, as well as a sobering prognosis for the future of war. While at present, the U.S. government and U.S. firms dominate the market, private military companies are emerging from other countries, and warlords and militias have restyled themselves as private security companies in places like Afghanistan and Somalia. To understand how the proliferation of private forces may influence international relations, McFate looks back to the European Middle Ages, when mercenaries were common and contract warfare the norm. He concludes that international relations in the twenty-first century may have more in common with the twelfth century than the twentieth. This "back to the future" situation, which he calls "neomedievalism," is not necessarily a negative condition, but it will produce a global system that contains rather than solves problems.

Routledge Handbook of Private Security Studies

Rita Abrahamsen,Anna Leander
Routledge Handbook of Private Security Studies Book PDF

Author : Rita Abrahamsen,Anna Leander
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317914334

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Routledge Handbook of Private Security Studies by Rita Abrahamsen,Anna Leander Pdf

This new Handbook offers a comprehensive overview of current research on private security and military companies, comprising essays by leading scholars from around the world. The increasing privatization of security across the globe has been the subject of much debate and controversy, inciting fears of private warfare and even the collapse of the state. This volume provides the first comprehensive overview of the range of issues raised by contemporary security privatization, offering both a survey of the numerous roles performed by private actors and an analysis of their implications and effects. Ranging from the mundane to the spectacular, from secretive intelligence gathering and neighbourhood surveillance to piracy control and warfare, this Handbook shows how private actors are involved in both domestic and international security provision and governance. It places this involvement in historical perspective, and demonstrates how the impact of security privatization goes well beyond the security field to influence diverse social, economic and political relationships and institutions. Finally, this volume analyses the evolving regulation of the global private security sector. Seeking to overcome the disciplinary boundaries that have plagued the study of private security, the Handbook promotes an interdisciplinary approach and contains contributions from a range of disciplines, including international relations, politics, criminology, law, sociology, geography and anthropology. This book will be of much interest to students of private security companies, global governance, military studies, security studies and IR in general.

Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies

Alan Axelrod
Mercenaries A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies Book PDF

Author : Alan Axelrod
Publisher : CQ Press
Page : 670 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781483364667

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Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies by Alan Axelrod Pdf

Mercenaries have been active in battle from the beginning of military history and, as private armies and military support firms, they are a major component of warfare today. Security, military advice, training, logistics support, policing, technological expertise, intelligence, transportation—all are outsourced to a greater or lesser degree in the U.S. military. However, privatization is not a uniquely American phenomenon. Countries as diverse as Saudi Arabia and Australia rely on privatization in one form or another. Historically, heads of state, politicians, and other administrators have justified use of mercenaries on the basis of their effectiveness, and cost-savings. These reasons and others continue to serve as rationales for use of private military companies in military strategy. Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies provides a comprehensive survey and guide to mercenary forces, entrepreneurs, and corporations active on the international military scene today, including a concise history of mercenaries and private armies on land, sea, and in the air. Narrative chapters are amply supplemented by sidebars including biographies of major figures, key statistics, historical and current documents, contracts, and legislation on private armies and outsourced military services. Each chapter includes a bibliography of books, journal articles, and web sites, and a general bibliography concludes the entire work.

Private Military and Security Companies

Thomas Jäger,Gerhard Kümmel
Private Military and Security Companies Book PDF

Author : Thomas Jäger,Gerhard Kümmel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2009-04-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783531903132

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Private Military and Security Companies by Thomas Jäger,Gerhard Kümmel Pdf

Private Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmen erleben seit den 1990er Jahren einen außerordentlichen Boom und sind derzeit eines der spannendsten Phänomene in den internationalen Beziehungen. Die Palette der von ihnen angebotenen Dienstleistungen ist groß. Sie reichen von logistischer Unterstützung über Aufklärung bis hin zu Kampfeinsätzen. Zu ihren Kunden zählen Regierungen, Wirtschaftsunternehmen, internationale Organisationen, NGOs, humanitäre Organisationen sowie Privatpersonen. Gegenwärtig lässt sich an den Auseinandersetzungen im Irak sowohl die Aktualität wie auch die Brisanz ihres Einsatzes illustrieren, gibt es doch Anzeichen dafür, dass Beschäftigte solcher Unternehmen u.a. in die Folterung von Gefangenen verwickelt sind. Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes aus der Feder nationaler wie internationaler Expertinnen und Experten beschreiben und analysieren verschiedene Typen von privaten Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmens, ihre Dienstleistungen und die Umstände, die ihren Boom befördert haben. Sie diskutieren die Vor- wie auch die Nachteile ihres Einsatzes und beschreiben Instrumente, die die Tätigkeit dieser Unternehmen stärker reglementieren und kontrollieren könnten.

Private Security Companies during the Iraq War

Scott Fitzsimmons
Private Security Companies during the Iraq War Book PDF

Author : Scott Fitzsimmons
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317541707

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Private Security Companies during the Iraq War by Scott Fitzsimmons Pdf

This book explores the use of deadly force by private security companies during the Iraq War. The work focuses on and compares the activities of the US companies Blackwater and Dyncorp. Despite sharing several important characteristics, such as working for the same client (the US State Department) during the same time period, the employees of Blackwater fired their weapons far more often, and killed and seriously injured far more people in Iraq than their counterparts in DynCorp. In order to explain this disparity, the book undertakes the most comprehensive analysis ever attempted on the use of violence by the employees of these firms. Based on extensive empirical research, it offers a credible explanation for this difference: Blackwater maintained a relatively bellicose military culture that placed strong emphasis on norms encouraging its personnel to exercise personal initiative, proactive use of force, and an exclusive approach to security, which, together, motivated its personnel to use violence quite freely against anyone they suspected of posing a threat. Specifically, Blackwater’s military culture motivated its personnel to fire upon suspected threats more quickly, at greater distances, and with a greater quantity of bullets, and to more readily abandon the people they shot at when compared to DynCorp’s personnel, who maintained a military culture that encouraged far less violent behaviour. Utilizing the Private Security Company Violent Incident Dataset (PSCVID), created by the author in 2012, the book draws upon data on hundreds of violent incidents involving private security personnel in Iraq to identify trends in the behaviour exhibited by the employees of different firms. Based on this rich and original empirical data, the book provides the definitive study of contemporary private security personnel in the Iraq War. This book will be of much interest to students of the Iraq War, Private Security Companies, Military Studies, War and Conflict Studies and IR in general.

Outsorcing of Security to private Military Contractors: State Responsibilities

Nicholas Sunday
Outsorcing of Security to private Military Contractors State Responsibilities Book PDF

Author : Nicholas Sunday
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2013-02-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783656377528

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Outsorcing of Security to private Military Contractors: State Responsibilities by Nicholas Sunday Pdf

Research paper from the year 2012 in the subject Law - Miscellaneous, grade: A, , course: LLM INTERNATIONAL LAW, language: English, abstract: The monopoly of the use of force granted to modern States by its citizens is a relatively new phenomenon. Private armies have been operating in European States till the XIX century. The use of mercenaries has been historically a constant phenomenon till almost the end of the XX century, when their activities were criminalized by the international community. Parallel to that phenomenon during the European colonial expansion over all continents, governments had authorized two other forms of similar violence by non-state actors: the corsairs and the colonial merchant companies.

Privatizing War

Lindsey Cameron,Vincent Chetail
Privatizing War Book PDF

Author : Lindsey Cameron,Vincent Chetail
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781107328686

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Privatizing War by Lindsey Cameron,Vincent Chetail Pdf

A growing number of states use private military and security companies (PMSCs) for a variety of tasks, which were traditionally fulfilled by soldiers. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the law that applies to PMSCs active in situations of armed conflict, focusing on international humanitarian law. It examines the limits in international law on how states may use private actors, taking the debate beyond the question of whether PMSCs are mercenaries. The authors delve into issues such as how PMSCs are bound by humanitarian law, whether their staff are civilians or combatants, and how the use of force in self-defence relates to direct participation in hostilities, a key issue for an industry that operates by exploiting the right to use force in self-defence. Throughout, the authors identify how existing legal obligations, including under state and individual criminal responsibility should play a role in the regulation of the industry.

Private Sector, Public Wars

James Jay Carafano
Private Sector Public Wars Book PDF

Author : James Jay Carafano
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2008-07-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105131735412

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Private Sector, Public Wars by James Jay Carafano Pdf

Examining the record of contractors essential to the conduct of recent conflicts around the world, this book looks at the evolution of US reliance on contract support as well as the various types of contractors such as consultants, service providers, and security firms.

Contractors and War

Christopher Kinsey,Malcolm Hugh Patterson
Contractors and War Book PDF

Author : Christopher Kinsey,Malcolm Hugh Patterson
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780804782937

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Contractors and War by Christopher Kinsey,Malcolm Hugh Patterson Pdf

The U.S. military is no longer based on a Cold War self-sufficient model. Today's armed forces are a third smaller than they were during the Cold War, and yet are expected to do as much if not more than they did during those years. As a result, a transformation is occurring in the way the U.S. government expects the military to conduct operations—with much of that transformation contingent on the use of contractors to deliver support to the armed forces during military campaigns and afterwards. Contractors and War explains the reasons behind this transformation and evaluates how the private sector will shape and be shaped by future operations. The authors are drawn from a range of policy, legislative, military, legal, and academic backgrounds. They lay out the philosophical arguments supporting the use of contractors in combat and stabilization operations and present a spectrum of arguments that support and criticize emergent private sector roles. The book provides fresh policy guidance to those who will research, direct, and carry out future deployments.