Progress Toward Transforming The Integrated Risk Information System Iris Program

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review Advances Made to the IRIS Process
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309474948

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Progress Toward Transforming the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Program by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review Advances Made to the IRIS Process Pdf

Over the past several years, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been transforming the procedures of its Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), a program that produces hazard and doseâ€'response assessments of environmental chemicals and derives toxicity values that can be used to estimate risks posed by exposures to them. The transformation was initiated after suggestions for program reforms were provided in a 2011 report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that reviewed a draft IRIS assessment of formaldehyde. In 2014, the National Academies released a report that reviewed the IRIS program and evaluated the changes implemented in it since the 2011 report. Since 2014, new leadership of EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) and IRIS program has instituted even more substantive changes in the IRIS program in response to the recommendations in the 2014 report. Progress Toward Transforming the Integrated Risk Information System Program: A 2018 Evaluation reviews the EPA's progress toward addressing the past recommendations from the National Academies.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee to Review Advances Made to the IRIS Process
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 119 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Chemicals
ISBN : OCLC:1031966019

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Progress Toward Transforming the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Program by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee to Review Advances Made to the IRIS Process Pdf

"Over the past several years, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been transforming the procedures of its Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), a program that produces hazard and dose‒response assessments of environmental chemicals and derives toxicity values that can be used to estimate risks posed by exposures to them. The transformation was initiated after suggestions for program reforms were provided in a 2011 report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that reviewed a draft IRIS assessment of formaldehyde. In 2014, the National Academies released a report that reviewed the IRIS program and evaluated the changes implemented in it since the 2011 report. Since 2014, new leadership of EPA’s National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) and IRIS program has instituted even more substantive changes in the IRIS program in response to the recommendations in the 2014 report. Progress Toward Transforming the Integrated Risk Information System Program: A 2018 Evaluation reviews the EPA’s progress toward addressing the past recommendations from the National Academies" -- Publisher's description

Author : Kathleen Sellers,Denice K. Nelson,Nadine Weinberg
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780429555176

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Emerging Contaminants by Kathleen Sellers,Denice K. Nelson,Nadine Weinberg Pdf

Emerging Contaminants: Anticipating Developments examines the factors that have led "new" environmental contaminants to emerge in the past and combines the lessons learned to anticipate potential new developments. The analyses described in this book originate in multiple disciplines: the science of toxicology; environmental law and regulation; the field of product stewardship; and the social science which explains why ideas take hold. Over a dozen case studies of contaminants that emerged as environmental issues over the last hundred years illustrate crucial points. The results of the analyses in this book support a step-by-step method to assess the potential for a contaminant to emerge, and a framework to apply those conclusions to managing site liabilities. Features: Describes an unprecedented understanding of why contaminants emerge as issues, based on a multidisciplinary analysis Makes abstract concepts tangible, basing analyses on data and illustrating key points with case studies Enables readers to anticipate and prepare to manage future challenges associated with emerging chemicals Presents an analytical framework for companies to assess and manage business risks Written for regulators, policymakers, industry professionals with responsibility for contaminated site management, as well as attorneys, and consultants, this book provides a framework for anticipating the emergence of new contaminants so that the risks–whether to human health and the environment or to a business–can be anticipated and appropriately managed.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review DOD's Approach to Deriving an Occupational Exposure Limit for TCE
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 77 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-01-13
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309499248

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Review of DOD's Approach to Deriving an Occupational Exposure Level for Trichloroethylene by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review DOD's Approach to Deriving an Occupational Exposure Limit for TCE Pdf

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a solvent that is used as a degreasing agent, a chemical intermediate in refrigerant manufacture, and a component of spot removers and adhesives. It is produced in mass quantities but creates dangerous vapors and is an environmental contaminant at many industrial and government facilities, including facilities run by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). It is important to determine the safe occupational exposure level (OEL) for the solvent in order to protect the health of workers who are exposed to its vapors. However, there are concerns that the current occupational standards insufficiently protect workers from these health threats. Review of DOD's Approach to Deriving an Occupational Exposure Level for Trichloroethylene makes recommendations to improve the DoD's approach to developing an OEL for TCE, strengthen transparency of the process, and improve confidence in the final OEL value. This report reviews the DoD's approach using a literature review, evidence synthesis based on weight of evidence [WOE], point-of-departure derivation, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, extrapolation tools, and explores other elements of the process of deriving an OEL for TCE. It examines scientific approaches to developing exposure values and cancer risk levels, defining the scope of the problem, and improving hazard identification.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the NTP Monograph on the Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 61 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-18
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309673136

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Review of the Draft NTP Monograph by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the NTP Monograph on the Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects Pdf

The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a systematic review of the evidence of adverse neurodevelopmental and cognitive effects of fluoride exposure. NTP's conclusions are summarized in the monograph Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects. At the request of NTP, a committee convened by the National Academies reviewed their monograph to ensure the integrity of that report. It is important to note that the committee was tasked with reviewing the monograph and focused its efforts on evaluating whether evidence as presented in the monograph supported NTP's conclusions. Thus, it did not conduct its own independent evaluation of the evidence, and it did not conduct a data audit. However, it did review some key literature to enable its review of the monograph. Review of the Draft NTP Monograph contains findings and suggestions for improvements and some overarching findings concerning methods, assessment of animal and human evidence, and NTP's hazard conclusion.

Author : Haneen Khreis,Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,Josias Zietsman,Tara Ramani
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 650 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9780128181232

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Traffic-Related Air Pollution by Haneen Khreis,Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,Josias Zietsman,Tara Ramani Pdf

Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP’s public health impacts Examines TRAP’s health effects at the population level Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects

Author : Wanda M. Haschek-Hock,Colin G. Rousseaux,Matthew A. Wallig,Brad Bolon
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 694 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2023-02-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323910521

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Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, Volume 2 by Wanda M. Haschek-Hock,Colin G. Rousseaux,Matthew A. Wallig,Brad Bolon Pdf

Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, recognized by many as the most authoritative single source of information in the field of toxicologic pathology, has been extensively updated to continue its comprehensive and timely coverage. The fourth edition has been expanded to five separate volumes due to an explosion of information in this field requiring new and updated chapters. Completely revised with a number of new chapters, Volume 2: Toxicologic Pathology in Safety Assessment is an essential part of the most authoritative reference on toxicologic pathology principles and techniques for assessing product safety and human risk. Volume 2 describes the integration of product-induced structural and functional changes in tissues and the interpretation of their biological implications. Completely revised with many new chapters, Volume 2 of the Fourth Edition covers product safety assessment from many angles including current and emerging issues in toxicologic pathology for many product classes. Volume 2 of the Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology is a key resource for pathologists, toxicologists, research scientists, and regulators who use toxicologic pathology methods to study and make decisions on product safety. Previous chapters on such topics as drug discovery and development, toxicity and carcinogenicity testing, report preparation, and risk assessment and communication have undergone extensive revision that includes in-depth discussion of new developments in the field New chapters consider fundamental attributes for additional product classes including protein therapeutics, nucleic acid pharmaceutical agents, gene therapy and gene editing, stem cell and other cell therapies, vaccines, agricultural and bulk chemicals, and assigning adversity Chapters dealing with product-specific practices address pathology and regulatory issues Chapters offer high-quality and up-to-date content in a trusted work written by the collaborative efforts of many leading international subject matter experts Hundreds of full-color images and diagrams are featured in both the print and electronic versions of this book to illustrate classic examples and highlight difficult concepts

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Evaluate the IRIS Protocol for Inorganic Arsenic
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-31
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309497022

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Review of EPA's Updated Problem Formulation and Protocol for the Inorganic Arsenic IRIS Assessment by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Evaluate the IRIS Protocol for Inorganic Arsenic Pdf

The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is a program within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that is responsible for developing toxicologic assessments of environmental contaminants. An IRIS assessment contains hazard identifications and dose-response assessments of various chemicals related to cancer and noncancer outcomes. Although the program was created to increase consistency among toxicologic assessments within the agency, federal, state, and international agencies and other organizations have come to rely on IRIS assessments for setting regulatory standards, establishing exposure guidelines, and estimating risks to exposed populations. The EPA has been working on its IRIS assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) for many years, and recently released its plans for completing it in the Updated Problem Formulation and Protocol for the Inorganic Arsenic IRIS Assessment. Much of the update was made in response to recommendations in a 2013 report made by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The National Academies recently convened another evaluation of whether the various elements of the IRIS iAs assessment plan are appropriate to synthesize the scientific evidence and quantitate estimates of iAs toxicity. Review of EPA's IRIS Assessment Plan for Inorganic Arsenic explores the EPA's approach to prioritizing health outcomes, EPA's systematic review methods, EPA's consideration of potential health effects from early life exposures, mode-of-action information to inform dose-response analyses, and various approaches to investigate dose-response relationships.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1198 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : United States
ISBN : IND:30000144688128

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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2014 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Administrative agencies
ISBN : IND:30000159047681

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GAO's 2017 High Risk Report by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Oversight,United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Chemicals
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050681415

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Status of Reforms to EPA's Integrated Risk Information System by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Oversight,United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (2011). Subcommittee on Environment Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the IRIS Process
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309304177

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Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Process by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee to Review the IRIS Process Pdf

The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is a program within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that is responsible for developing toxicologic assessments of environmental contaminants. An IRIS assessment contains hazard identifications and dose-response assessments of various chemicals related to cancer and noncancer outcomes. Although the program was created to increase consistency among toxicologic assessments within the agency, federal, state, and international agencies and other organizations have come to rely on IRIS assessments for setting regulatory standards, establishing exposure guidelines, and estimating risks to exposed populations. Over the last decade, the National Research Council (NRC) has been asked to review some of the more complex and challenging IRIS assessments, including those of formaldehyde, dioxin, and tetrachloroethylene. In 2011, an NRC committee released its review of the IRIS formaldehyde assessment. Like other NRC committees that had reviewed IRIS assessments, the formaldehyde committee identified deficiencies in the specific assessment and more broadly in some of EPA's general approaches and specific methods. Although the committee focused on evaluating the IRIS formaldehyde assessment, it provided suggestions for improving the IRIS process and a roadmap for its revision in case EPA decided to move forward with changes to the process. Congress directed EPA to implement the report's recommendations and then asked the National Research Council to review the changes that EPA was making (or proposing to make) in response to the recommendations. Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Process provides an overview of some general issues associated with IRIS assessments. This report then addresses evidence identification and evaluation for IRIS assessments and discusses evidence integration for hazard evaluation and methods for calculating reference values and unit risks. The report makes recommendations and considerations for future directions. Overall, Review of EPA's Integrated Risk Information System Process finds that substantial improvements in the IRIS process have been made, and it is clear that EPA has embraced and is acting on the recommendations in the NRC formaldehyde report. The recommendations of this report should be seen as building on the progress that EPA has already made.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1196 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : United States
ISBN : IND:30000145265629

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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2016 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1180 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:36105050681126

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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2016, Part 4 A, 2015, 114-1 by Anonim Pdf

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 684 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : United States
ISBN : IND:30000159241888

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Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2018 by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Pdf