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Property-tax Exemption for Charities by Evelyn Brody Pdf
Contributors in municipal studies, law, and philanthropic studies discuss property-tax exemption for charities and how public perception on property-owning charities differs from reality. They survey the legal and political landscape of property-tax exemption for nonprofit organizations, examine the development of the current structure of nonprofit property-tax exemption and its legal rationales, and assess mechanisms adopted by local municipalities to offset some of the revenue lost because of exempt properties. Material originated at the December 1997 26th Annual Conference of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Author : John D Colombo,Mark A Hall Publisher : Routledge Page : 238 pages File Size : 55,9 Mb Release : 2019-07-11 Category : Law ISBN : 9781000315325
The Charitable Tax Exemption by John D Colombo,Mark A Hall Pdf
The tradition of tax-exempt status for nonprofit "charitable" organizations is well established, and few would argue with the principle. But the tax-exempt sector of the economy is vast and rapidly growing, resulting in the loss of billions of dollars of tax revenue. At the same time, we have no consensus on what purpose the charitable tax exemption serves, let alone agreement on what constitutes a charity. In this important addition to the theory of tax law, Colombo and Hall develop an original "donative" theory that links the charitable tax exemption to the ability of an organization to derive donative support from the community. Their theory not only makes intuitive sense but also receives support from economic, political, and moral theory. Its implications would rationalize the charitable tax exemption, comport with legal precedent, and simplify the administration of the law. The Charitable Tax Exemption is a major contribution to the theory of tax law and should be essential reading for a wide range of lawyers dealing with taxes. It will also be enlightening for anyone involved in the operation of a nonprofit organization
Payments in Lieu of Taxes by Daphne A. Kenyon,Adam H. Langley Pdf
Charitable nonprofit organizations, including private universities, nonprofit hospitals, museums, soup kitchens, churches, and retirement homes, are exempt from property taxation in all 50 states. At the same time, these nonprofits impose a cost on municipalities by consuming public services, such as police protection and roads. Payments in lieu of taxes (PILOTs) are payments made voluntarily by these nonprofits as a substitute for property taxes. In recent years, municipal revenue pressures have led to heightened interest in PILOTs, and over the last decade they have been used in at least 117 municipalities in at least 18 states. Large cities collecting PILOTs include Baltimore, Boston, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh. Boston has one of the longest standing and the most revenue productive PILOT program in the United States. PILOTs are a tool to address two problems with the property tax exemption provided to nonprofits. First, the exemption is poorly targeted, since it mainly benefits nonprofits with the most valuable property holdings, rather than those providing the greatest public benefit. Second, a geographic mismatch often exists between the costs and benefits of the property tax exemption, since the cost of the exemption in terms of forgone tax revenue is borne by the municipality in which a nonprofit is located, but the public benefits provided by the nonprofit often extend to the rest of the state or even the whole nation. PILOTs can provide crucial revenue for certain municipalities, and are one way to make nonprofits pay for the public services they consume. However, PILOTs are often haphazard, secretive, and calculated in an ad hoc manner that results in widely varying payments among similar nonprofits. In addition, a municipality's attempt to collect PILOTs can prompt a battle with nonprofits and lead to years of contentious, costly, and unproductive litigation. For this policy focus report, authors Daphne A. Kenyon and Adam H. Langley have researched the continuing policy debate over property tax exemptions among municipalities and nonprofit organizations, and they offer the following recommendations. PILOTs are one revenue option for municipalities. They are most appropriate for municipalities that are highly reliant on the property tax and have a significant share of total property owned by nonprofits. For example, a Minnesota study found that while PILOTs could increase property tax revenue by more than ten percent in six municipalities, there was negligible revenue potential from PILOTs for the vast majority of Minnesota cities and towns. Similarly, PILOTs are not appropriate for all types of nonprofits. PILOTs are most suitable for nonprofits that own large amounts of tax-exempt property and provide modest benefits to local residents relative to their tax savings. Municipalities should work collaboratively with nonprofits when seeking PILOTs. The best PILOT initiatives arise out of a partnership between the municipality and local nonprofit organizations, because both sectors serve the general public and have an interest in an economically and fiscally healthy community. In some cities, case-by-case negotiation with one or several nonprofits is best, as is the case between Yale University and New Haven. In cities with a large number of nonprofits, such as Boston, creating a systematic PILOT program can promote horizontal equity among tax-exempt nonprofits and raise more revenue than negotiating individual agreements.
Author : Jack Walker,Jerry Grad Publisher : Canada Law Book Page : 418 pages File Size : 46,5 Mb Release : 1998 Category : Real property tax ISBN : 0888042450
As a nation, Australians can be a generous people. The massive fundraising response to the bushfires last summer is a case in point. In addition to direct financial giving, many Australians donate goods to charities and not-for-profits, volunteer their time, become involved with fundraising for a specific charity, or advocate and raise awareness for a cause or unmet need. In Australia there are over 50,000 registered charities which make up a diverse sector working across a broad range of areas, including health, education, social welfare, religion, culture, human rights, the environment and animal welfare. How do you choose the right charity to match a righteous cause, so that your donation really does count? Why do people give, and how can it be done responsibly and effectively? What is philanthropy ¿ could wealthier Australians do more to support the not-forprofit sector? This book explains the latest trends in giving and explores the ethics and effectiveness of legitimate charities. In a time of great need, what can we do to make a positive difference?
Author : Peter deL. Swords Publisher : Columbia University Press Page : 240 pages File Size : 47,8 Mb Release : 1981-01-01 Category : Social Science ISBN : 0231054025
The Law and Practice Relating to Charities by Hubert Picarda Pdf
Thoroughly updated and revised to take account of the UK's new Charities Act 2006, this fourth edition of Law and Practice Relating to Charities covers the creation, administration, and marketing of UK charities. It provides an invaluable source of practical advice on the registration of new charities, appeals and fundraising, administration, jurisdiction, court proceedings, trading, taxation, and rating. The book considers the duties of charitable trustees and the updating of charitable trusts. It also explains the UK's new Charity Tribunal and Charitable Corporations (CIOs).
