Psychological Perspectives On Expertise

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Psychological perspectives on expertise

Guillermo Campitelli,Michael H Connors, Merim Bilalić,David Zachary Hambrick
Psychological perspectives on expertise Book PDF

Author : Guillermo Campitelli,Michael H Connors, Merim Bilalić,David Zachary Hambrick
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05-19
Category : Expertise
ISBN : 9782889195206

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Psychological perspectives on expertise by Guillermo Campitelli,Michael H Connors, Merim Bilalić,David Zachary Hambrick Pdf

Experts are persons who are very knowledgeable about or skillful in a particular area. The aim of this Research Topic is to advance knowledge in the understanding of the phenomenon of expertise by putting together different lines of research that directly or indirectly study expertise. Herbert Simon’s expertise studies initiated two lines of research. One is interested in elucidating the cognitive processes underlying expertise, and the other investigates how expertise develops. These lines of research started with studies comparing experts and novices in chess, and then they extended to numerous areas of expertise such as music, medical diagnosis, sports, arts and sciences. In the field of judgment and decision making researchers investigate the quality of judgments and decisions of experts in different professions (e.g., clinical psychologists, medical practitioners, judges, meteorologists, stock brokers). Those lines of research explicitly investigate the topic of expertise, but there are other research areas that make a substantial contribution to understanding expertise. Scholars in language acquisition and in face perception, for example, investigate cognitive processes and development of expertise in areas in which almost everyone becomes an expert. Furthermore, skill acquisition research informs in detail about short term cognitive changes that may be important to understand how expertise develops. We are interested in original research that advances knowledge in the understanding of decision making, cognitive processes and development of expertise in sports, intellectual games, arts, scientific disciplines and professions, as well as expertise in cognitive abilities such as perception, memory, attention, language and imagery. We are also interested in theoretical articles in any of these areas, articles that describe computational or mathematical models of expertise, and articles offering a framework that would guide expertise research. Articles that offer integrative approaches of some of the areas described above are strongly encouraged. The goal of this Research Topic is to produce a hallmark piece of work in the field of expertise, which complements and does not overlap with the “Neural implementations of expertise” Research Topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.

The Science of Expertise

David Z. Hambrick,Guillermo Campitelli,Brooke N. Macnamara
The Science of Expertise Book PDF

Author : David Z. Hambrick,Guillermo Campitelli,Brooke N. Macnamara
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2017-09-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351624848

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The Science of Expertise by David Z. Hambrick,Guillermo Campitelli,Brooke N. Macnamara Pdf

Offering the broadest review of psychological perspectives on human expertise to date, this volume covers behavioral, computational, neural, and genetic approaches to understanding complex skill. The chapters show how performance in music, the arts, sports, games, medicine, and other domains reflects basic traits such as personality and intelligence, as well as knowledge and skills acquired through training. In doing so, this book moves the field of expertise beyond the duality of "nature vs. nurture" toward an integrative understanding of complex skill. This book is an invaluable resource for researchers and students interested in expertise, and for professionals seeking current reviews of psychological research on expertise.

Psychological Perspectives on Musical Experiences and Skills

Blanka Bogunović,Renee Timmers,Sanela Nikolić
Psychological Perspectives on Musical Experiences and Skills Book PDF

Author : Blanka Bogunović,Renee Timmers,Sanela Nikolić
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-20
Category : Music
ISBN : 9781805112211

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Psychological Perspectives on Musical Experiences and Skills by Blanka Bogunović,Renee Timmers,Sanela Nikolić Pdf

Psychology of Music is a flourishing area of research in the Western Balkans. However, much of its findings and insights have remained relatively unknown outside the region. Psychological Perspectives on Musical Experiences and Skills features recent research from the Western Balkans, foregrounding its specific topics, methods, and influences, and bringing it into productive conversation with complementary research from Western Europe and further afield. The essays in this collection investigate the psychology of listening and performance and their relevance to music practice. Employing a range of research methodologies, they address divergent themes, from a cross-cultural understanding of aesthetic experiences and innovations to attract new audiences, to developmental perspectives on musical growth and the challenges of mastering performance skills. Authors reflect independently and collaboratively on how these psychological processes are shaped by the different traditions and geopolitical conditions inside and outside the Western Balkans. The result is a volume that emphasizes how musical experiences and practices happen not in isolation but in socio-cultural environments that contribute to their definition. This work will appeal to musicians, music educators, students, researchers, and psychologists with an interest in the psychology of music and exemplify ways forward in decolonizing academia.

The Social Psychology of Expertise

Harald A. Mieg
The Social Psychology of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Harald A. Mieg
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2001-06-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781135652135

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The Social Psychology of Expertise by Harald A. Mieg Pdf

The Social Psychology of Expertise offers an integrative perspective to the analysis of experts and expertise in organizations, social roles, management, etc. It is the first book to link the psychology of expertise to sociology, particularly the sociology of professions. By examining the converging elements of both approaches and investigating the conditions of interactions with all types of experts, The Social Psychology of Expertise makes it possible to understand the market form of expert services. This book: *introduces the expert role approach--a new and encompassing view on the role of experts and how to use the experts' expertise in organizations, financial markets, and environmental issues; *enhances a mutual understanding between the psychology of expertise and the sociology of professions (for students, as well as scholars); *provides a helpful understanding of dealing with experts in the context of organizational behavior; *shows how we can make proper use of the experts' expertise in management and planning; *demonstrates how the role of experts influences volatility in financial markets; and *defines the limits of human expertise in predicting climate change.

The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance

K. Anders Ericsson,Robert R. Hoffman,Aaron Kozbelt
The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance Book PDF

Author : K. Anders Ericsson,Robert R. Hoffman,Aaron Kozbelt
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 985 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781107137554

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The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance by K. Anders Ericsson,Robert R. Hoffman,Aaron Kozbelt Pdf

In this book, some of the world's foremost 'experts on expertise' provide scientific knowledge on expertise and expert performance.

The Oxford Handbook of Expertise

Paul Ward,Jan Maarten Schraagen,Julie Gore,Emilie M. Roth
The Oxford Handbook of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Paul Ward,Jan Maarten Schraagen,Julie Gore,Emilie M. Roth
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 912 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780192515407

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The Oxford Handbook of Expertise by Paul Ward,Jan Maarten Schraagen,Julie Gore,Emilie M. Roth Pdf

The study of expertise weaves its way through various communities of practice, across disciplines, and over millennia. To date, the study of expertise has been primarily concerned with how human beings perform at a superior level in complex environments and sociotechnical systems, and at the highest levels of proficiency. However, more recent research has continued the search for better descriptions, and causal mechanisms that explain the complexities of expertise in context, with a view to translating this understanding into useful predictions and interventions capable of improving the performance of human systems as efficiently as possible. The Oxford Handbook of Expertise provides a comprehensive picture of the field of Expertise Studies. It offers both traditional and contemporary perspectives, and importantly, a multidiscipline-multimethod view of the science and engineering research on expertise. The book presents different perspectives, theories, and methods of conducting expertise research, all of which have had an impact in helping us better understand expertise across a broad range of domains. The Handbook also describes how researchers and practitioners have addressed practical problems and societal challenges. Throughout, the authors have sought to demonstrate the heterogeneity of approaches and conceptions of expertise, to place current views of expertise in context, to show how these views can be used to address current issues, and to examine ways to advance the study of expertise. The Oxford Handbook of Expertise is an essential resource both to those wanting to gain an up-to-date knowledge of the science of expertise and those wishing to study experts.

The Oxford Handbook of Expertise

Paul Ward,Jan Maarten Schraagen,Julie Gore,Emilie M. Roth
The Oxford Handbook of Expertise Book PDF

Author : Paul Ward,Jan Maarten Schraagen,Julie Gore,Emilie M. Roth
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 912 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2019-11-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780192515414

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The Oxford Handbook of Expertise by Paul Ward,Jan Maarten Schraagen,Julie Gore,Emilie M. Roth Pdf

The study of expertise weaves its way through various communities of practice, across disciplines, and over millennia. To date, the study of expertise has been primarily concerned with how human beings perform at a superior level in complex environments and sociotechnical systems, and at the highest levels of proficiency. However, more recent research has continued the search for better descriptions, and causal mechanisms that explain the complexities of expertise in context, with a view to translating this understanding into useful predictions and interventions capable of improving the performance of human systems as efficiently as possible. The Oxford Handbook of Expertise provides a comprehensive picture of the field of Expertise Studies. It offers both traditional and contemporary perspectives, and importantly, a multidiscipline-multimethod view of the science and engineering research on expertise. The book presents different perspectives, theories, and methods of conducting expertise research, all of which have had an impact in helping us better understand expertise across a broad range of domains. The Handbook also describes how researchers and practitioners have addressed practical problems and societal challenges. Throughout, the authors have sought to demonstrate the heterogeneity of approaches and conceptions of expertise, to place current views of expertise in context, to show how these views can be used to address current issues, and to examine ways to advance the study of expertise. The Oxford Handbook of Expertise is an essential resource both to those wanting to gain an up-to-date knowledge of the science of expertise and those wishing to study experts.

Psychological Perspectives on Walking

Ralf Risser,Matúš Šucha
Psychological Perspectives on Walking Book PDF

Author : Ralf Risser,Matúš Šucha
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000094442

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Psychological Perspectives on Walking by Ralf Risser,Matúš Šucha Pdf

Psychological Perspectives on Walking provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of walking and shows how we can encourage people to walk more based on psychological principles. It examines how walking significantly improves health, positively impacts the environment, contributes to resolving social issues, and boosts the local micro-economy. This pioneering book discusses psychological motivations for walking versus not walking and asserts research-based arguments in favour of walking, including both theoretical considerations and everyday concerns. The book investigates the motivations that can lead to increased walking, advises on how to build walking-conducive habits, and recommends strategies for decision makers for promoting changes that will allow walking to thrive more easily. The authors include success stories and lessons learned from what have become known as 'walkable' cities to show how interventions and initiatives can succeed on a practical basis. This accessible, practical book is essential for urban planners; health specialists; policy makers; traffic experts; psychology, civil engineering, and social sciences students; and experts in the field of sustainable mobility. Psychological Perspectives on Walking will appeal to anyone in the general population in favour of a sustainable and healthy lifestyle.

Psychological Expertise in Court

Daniel A. Krauss
Psychological Expertise in Court Book PDF

Author : Daniel A. Krauss
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317073895

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Psychological Expertise in Court by Daniel A. Krauss Pdf

Expertise in Court: Perspectives on Testimony is the second of a two-volume set on the Psychology of the Courtroom. The authors, a renowned group of psychology and legal scholars, offer definitive coverage of the use of psychological expert testimony and evidence in a variety of legal contexts. They explore the controversies that surround it, from questions of its admissibility to its effects on eventual juror decisions. A wide range of topics are covered including system and estimator variables in eyewitness identification, expert testimony on psychological syndromes, the insanity defence and sexual harassment, how child sexual abuse is used by the courts, and recent research on false confessions. They also provide a comparative analysis exploring how different types of psychological expert testimony and evidence are used by different countries’ legal systems. All the chapters conclude by making specific recommendations for how psychological research and information could be better utilized by courts around the world.

Psychology for Social Work Theory and Practice

Paula Nicolson,Rowan Bayne
Psychology for Social Work Theory and Practice Book PDF

Author : Paula Nicolson,Rowan Bayne
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2014-05-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781350312944

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Psychology for Social Work Theory and Practice by Paula Nicolson,Rowan Bayne Pdf

This new edition from a trusted author team bridges the gap between psychological theory and social work practice. Revisited and re-structured to reflect the changing social work context, it provides an authoritative introduction to the key ideas, skills and research from psychology and highlights their role within effective social work practice. Whether you are a student or a practitioner of social work, this book is a vital and practical resource that will enhance your knowledge, skills and practice. New to this Edition: - Includes content which is of relevance across a number of social work modules - Contains new chapters on reflection and the psychological context of social work organisations - A range of new pedagogical features that support the practical application of the book

Routledge International Handbook of Sport Psychology

Robert J. Schinke,Kerry R. McGannon,Brett Smith
Routledge International Handbook of Sport Psychology Book PDF

Author : Robert J. Schinke,Kerry R. McGannon,Brett Smith
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 614 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2016-02-05
Category : Sports & Recreation
ISBN : 9781317692324

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Routledge International Handbook of Sport Psychology by Robert J. Schinke,Kerry R. McGannon,Brett Smith Pdf

Contemporary sport psychology is a rapidly developing and theoretically rich discipline, and a sophisticated and challenging profession. The Routledge International Handbook of Sport Psychology offers a comprehensive and authoritative guide to contemporary sport psychology in all its aspects. Written by a team of world-leading researchers and practitioners from five continents, including both established scholars and the best emerging talents, the book traces the contours of the discipline of sport psychology, introducing fundamental theory, discussing key issues in applied practice, and exploring the most important themes, topics and debates across the sport psychology curriculum. Uniquely, the book presents comparative studies of the history and contemporary practice of sport psychology in ten countries, including the US, UK, China, Japan, Brazil, Russia and Israel, helping the reader to understand the cultural and contextual factors that shape international practice in sport psychology. As well as covering in depth the core pillars of sport psychology, from motivation and cognition to group dynamics, the book also includes a full section on cultural sport psychology, a vital but under-explored sub-discipline that is having a profound influence on contemporary theory and practice. With 56 chapters and unparalleled range, depth and currency, the Routledge Handbook of International Sport Psychology is an essential addition to any library with a serious holding in sport psychology.

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise

Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese
The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise Book PDF

Author : Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 1059 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351720427

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The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise by Ellen Fridland,Carlotta Pavese Pdf

Philosophical questions surrounding skill and expertise can be traced back as far as Ancient Greece, China, and India. In the twentieth century, skilled action was an important factor in the work of phenomenologists such as Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty and analytic philosophers including Gilbert Ryle. However, as a subject in its own right it has, until now, remained largely in the background. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise is an outstanding reference source and the first major collection of its kind, reflecting the explosion of interest in the topic in recent years. Comprising thirty-nine chapters written by leading international contributors, the Handbook is organized into six clear parts: • Skill in the history of philosophy (East and West) • Skill in epistemology • Skill, intelligence, and agency • Skill in perception, imagination, and emotion • Skill, language, and social cognition • Skill and expertise in normative philosophy. Essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of mind and psychology, epistemology, and ethics, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Skill and Expertise is also suitable for those in related disciplines such as social psychology and cognitive science. It is also relevant to those who are interested in conceptual issues underlying skill and expertise in fields such as sport, the performing arts, and medicine.

Psychological Perspectives on Risk and Risk Analysis

Martina Raue,Eva Lermer,Bernhard Streicher
Psychological Perspectives on Risk and Risk Analysis Book PDF

Author : Martina Raue,Eva Lermer,Bernhard Streicher
Publisher : Springer
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018-09-18
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783319924786

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Psychological Perspectives on Risk and Risk Analysis by Martina Raue,Eva Lermer,Bernhard Streicher Pdf

This authoritative collection goes beyond economic statistics and probability data to offer a robust psychological understanding of risk perception and risk taking behavior. Expert contributors examine various risk domains in life, and pinpoint cognitive, emotional, and personality factors contributing to individual differences in risk taking as well as the many nuances social demographics (e.g., culture, gender) bring to risk decisions. Coverage takes competing theories and studies into account to identify mechanisms involved in processing and acting on uncertainty. And implications and applications are demonstrated in varied fields, from updated risk models for the insurance sector to improved risk communication in health services to considering risk perception in policy decisions. A sampling of the topics: Personality and risk: beyond daredevils—risk taking from a temperament perspective. Cognitive, developmental, and neurobiological aspects of risk judgments. The group effect: social influences on risk identification, analysis, and decision-making. Cognitive architectures as a scaffolding for risky choice models. Improving understanding of health-relevant numerical information. Risk culture as a framework for improving competence in risk management. Psychological Perspectives on Risk and Risk Analysis will be of great interest to researchers in and outside of psychology, including decision-making experts and behavioral economists. Additionally, this volume will appeal to practitioners who often have to make risky decisions, such as managers and physicians.

Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice

Robert J. Sternberg,Joseph A. Horvath
Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice Book PDF

Author : Robert J. Sternberg,Joseph A. Horvath
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 427 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1999-02-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781135688257

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Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice by Robert J. Sternberg,Joseph A. Horvath Pdf

Those responsible for professional development in public and private-sector organizations have long had to deal with an uncomfortable reality. Billions of dollars are spent on formal education and training directed toward the development of job incumbents, yet the recipients of this training spend all but a fraction of their working life outside the training room--in meetings, on the shop floor, on the road, or in their offices. Faced with the need to promote "continuous learning" in a cost-effective manner, trainers, consultants, and educators have sought to develop ways to enrich the instructional and developmental potential of job assignments--to understand and facilitate the "lessons of experience." Not surprisingly, social and behavioral scientists have weighed in on the subject of on-the-job learning, and one message of their research is quite clear. This message is that much of the knowledge people use to succeed on the job is acquired implicitly--without intention to learn or awareness of having learned. The common language of the workplace reflects an awareness of this fact as people speak of learning "by doing" or "by osmosis" and of professional "instinct" or "intuition." Psychologists, more careful if not clearer in their choice of words, refer to learning without intention or awareness as "implicit learning" and refer to the knowledge that results from this learning as "tacit knowledge." Tacit Knowledge in Professional Practice explores implicit learning and tacit knowledge as they manifest themselves in the practice of six knowledge-intensive professions, and considers the implications of a tacit-knowledge approach for increasing the instructional and developmental impact of work experiences. This volume brings together distinguished practitioners and researchers in each of the six disciplines to discuss their own research and/or professional experience and to engage each other's views. It addresses professional practice in its totality -- from the technical to the interpersonal to the crassly commercial -- not simply a few aspects of practice that lend themselves to controlled study. Finally, this edited volume seeks to go beyond the enumeration of critical experiences to an understanding of the psychological mechanisms that underlie learning from experience in professional disciplines and, in so doing, to lay a foundation for innovations in professional education and training.

The Nature of Expertise in Professional Acting

Helga Noice
The Nature of Expertise in Professional Acting Book PDF

Author : Helga Noice
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134800179

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The Nature of Expertise in Professional Acting by Helga Noice Pdf

For nearly 25 years, expertise has been considered an important testing ground for theories of cognition. Cognitive scientists have examined experts as diverse as chess masters, waiters, field-hockey players, and computer programmers. Recently, increased attention has been given to the arts, including dance, music appreciation and performance, and literary analysis. It is therefore somewhat surprising that--except for the authors' program of research dating from the late 1980s--virtually no studies on the cognitive processes of professional actors can be found in the literature. These experts not only routinely memorize hours of verbal material in a very short time, but they retrieve it verbatim along with the accompanying gestures, movements, thoughts, and emotions of the characters. The mental processes involved in this task constitute the subject of this recent research and are described in detail in this book.