Public Expenditures Growth And Poverty

Author : Fan, Shenggen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2008-05-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780801888595

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Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty by Fan, Shenggen Pdf

Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty assesses the efficacy of poverty reduction programs in Latin America, Africa, and Asia by synthesizing studies conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute over the past ten years. Overall, the studies find that investments in agricultural research, infrastructure, and human capital are beneficial in the long term, while food aid and poverty reduction programs have little utility beyond immediately abating hunger and generating short-run income effects. The book develops a conceptual framework for analyzing public expenditures and their short- and long-run impact on poverty through various channels. It surveys spending trends and analyzes the effect of growing public investment on urban and rural poverty through case studies of India, China, Thailand, and Uganda. And it highlights the advantages of directing spending toward public works programs that engage impoverished peoples rather than using the limited aid money on food subsidies and other passive donations. Featuring discussions about the roles of various social safety net programs and a chapter devoted solely to the vexing poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, Public Expenditures, Growth, and Poverty will aid policy makers and encourage further, more analytic study of worldwide poverty reduction programs.

Author : Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Smart, Jenny,Diao, Xinshen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 35 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021-11-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Public expenditure’s role in reducing poverty and improving food and nutrition security: Preliminary cross-country insights based on SPEED data by Takeshima, Hiroyuki,Smart, Jenny,Diao, Xinshen Pdf

Public expenditures (PE), their sizes, and allocations across sectors, are some of the important instruments for the public sector to contribute toward sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, knowledge gaps remain as to how PEs have actually contributed to key SDG outcomes in the past, including the eradication of poverty and hunger, and the improvement in food and nutrition security in sustainable manners (SDGs 1 and 2). This study aims to partly fill this knowledge gap using the Statistics on Public Expenditures for Economic Development (SPEED data) and various country-level panel data. We find that PEs in different sectors have been significantly associated with key indicators under SDGs 1 and 2. Specifically, greater PEs for agriculture and health sectors have had relatively positive effects on total factor productivity growth in agriculture, reduced consumer food price indices, reduced poverty, reduced stunting, underweight or overweight among children under 5. A greater PE for agriculture has also been weakly associated with enhanced biodiversity. These relationships are observed for a broad class of countries, but somewhat stronger for countries that had been classified as low- or lower-middle-income in 2000. Greater PEs for education and social protection, which have been generally higher than PEs for agriculture and health, have had more mixed effects on these outcomes. While continued analyses are required to better understand the complex linkages between PE and these outcomes, the current study offers useful preliminary insights.

Author : Tewodaj Mogues,Samuel Benin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-03-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136445408

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Public Expenditures for Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa by Tewodaj Mogues,Samuel Benin Pdf

Whereas there is plenty of work looking at macroeconomic effect of public spending on growth and poverty in Africa as well as studies of the impact of spending or investment in one economic sector on outcomes in that sector or on broader welfare measures, this book fills a much needed gap in the research looking how the composition of public spending affects key development outcomes in the region. The book brings together recent analysis on the trends in, and returns to, public spending for agricultural growth and rural development in Africa. Case studies of selected African countries provide insights on the contributions of different types of public expenditures for poverty, growth and welfare outcomes, as well as insights into the constraints in gaining development mileage from investments in the agricultural sector.

Author : Shenggen Fan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008-08-20
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 0195698134

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Public Expenditure,Growth,And Poverty by Shenggen Fan Pdf

Author : Santiago Herrera
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Access to Finance
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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public expenditure and growth by Santiago Herrera Pdf

Abstract: Given that public spending will have a positive impact on GDP if the benefits exceed the marginal cost of public funds, the present paper deals with measuring costs and benefits of public spending. The paper discusses one cost seldom considered in the literature and in policy debates, namely, the volatility derived from additional public spending. The paper identifies a relationship between public spending volatility and consumption volatility, which implies a direct welfare loss to society. This loss is substantial in developing countries, estimated at 8 percent of consumption. If welfare losses due to volatility are this sizeable, then measuring the benefits of public spending is critical. Gauging benefits based on macro aggregate data requires three caveats: a) considering of the impact of the funding (taxation) required for the additional public spending; b) differentiating between investment and capital formation; c) allowing for heterogeneous response of output to different types of capital and differences in network development. It is essential to go beyond country-specificity to project-level evaluation of the benefits and costs of public projects. From the micro viewpoint, the rate of return of a project must exceed the marginal cost of public funds, determined by tax levels and structure. Credible evaluations require microeconomic evidence and careful specification of counterfactuals. On this, the impact evaluation literature and methods play a critical role. From individual project evaluation, the analyst must contemplate the general equilibrium impacts. In general, the paper advocates for project evaluation as a central piece of any development platform. By increasing the efficiency of public spending, the government can permanently increase the rate of productivity growth and, hence, affect the growth rate of GDP.

Author : Emmanuel Pinto Moreira
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Budget Constraint
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Composition of Public Expenditure and Growth: A Small-Scale Intertemporal Model for Low-Income Countries by Emmanuel Pinto Moreira Pdf

Abstract: This paper presents a small-scale intertemporal model of endogenous growth that accounts for the composition of public expenditure and externalities associated with public capital. Government spending is disaggregated into various components, including maintenance, security, and investment in education, health, and core infrastructure. After studying its long-run properties, the model is calibrated for Haiti, using country-specific information as well as parameter estimates from the literature. A variety of policy experiments are then reported, including a reallocation of spending aimed at creating fiscal space to promote public investment; an improvement in fiscal management that leads to a reduction in tax collection costs; higher spending on security; and a composite fiscal package.

Author : Philip Keefer,Stuti Khemani
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Democracy
ISBN : 9780031210104

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Democracy, Public Expenditures, and the Poor by Philip Keefer,Stuti Khemani Pdf

Countries vary systematically with respect to the incentives of politicians to provide broad public goods, and to reduce poverty. Even in developing countries that are democracies, politicians often have incentives to divert resources to political rents, and to private transfers that benefit a few citizens at the expense of many. These distortions can be traced to imperfections in political markets, that are greater in some countries than in others. The authors review the theory, and evidence on the impact of incomplete information of voters, the lack of credibility of political promises, and social polarization on political incentives. They argue that the effects of these imperfections are large, but that their implications are insufficiently integrated into the design of policy reforms aimed at improving the provision of public goods, and reducing poverty.

Author : Guy Pierre Pfeffermann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822004023941

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Public Expenditure in Latin America by Guy Pierre Pfeffermann Pdf

Since public spending is often a crucial component of economic activity in any country, this paper looks at the implications of public spending and its effects on poverty in the Latin American context. Specifically, the paper focuses on two areas. First, because overall economic growth is a necessary condition for long-term poverty reduction, the incidence of public spending on the pace of development is of fundamental importance. Consequently, the paper examines what has been the experience in Latin America during the past fifteen to twenty years and how the state's role in the economy evolved. Second, the paper discusses the social incidence of public expenditures and its effects on poverty. The report indicates that achievement of resumed growth is clearly the goal toward which Latin American governments must be striving if more resources are to be freed for attending to the needs of the poor. However, the report goes on to conclude by saying that the only wise course of action is to consider a reform of government social agencies without further delay, rather than to wait for growth to resume before attacking the social problems of the poor.

Author : Dominique Van de Walle,Kimberly Nead
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Public Spending and the Poor by Dominique Van de Walle,Kimberly Nead Pdf

The book offers a critical assessment of the state of current knowledge on the distributional impacts of public spending for developing and transition countries. It focuses on the distribution of benefits from spending categories that have traditionally been seen as pro-poor, including education and health expenditures, food subsidies, cash transfers, and public employment schemes.

Author : Stefano Paternostro,Anand Rajaram,Erwin R. Tiongson
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Absolute Poverty
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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How Does the Composition of Public Spending Matter? by Stefano Paternostro,Anand Rajaram,Erwin R. Tiongson Pdf

Abstract: Public spending has effects which are complex to trace and difficult to quantify. But the composition of public expenditure has become the key instrument by which development agencies seek to promote economic development. In recent years, the development assistance to heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) has been made conditional on increased expenditure on categories that are thought to be "pro-poor". This paper responds to the growing concern being expressed about the conceptual foundations and the empirical basis for the belief that poverty can be reduced through targeted public spending. While it is widely accepted that growth and redistribution are important sources of reduction in absolute poverty, a review of the literature confirms the lack of an appropriate theoretical framework for assessing the impact of public spending on growth as well as poverty. There is a need to combine principles of both public economics and growth theory to develop appropriate theoretical guidance for public expenditure policy. This paper identifies a number of approaches that are beginning to address this gap. Building on these approaches, it proposes a framework that has its foundation in a broadly articulated development strategy and its economic goals such as growth, equity, and poverty reduction. It recommends the use of public economics principles to clarify the roles of the private and public sectors and to recognize the complementarity of spending, taxation, and regulatory instruments available to affect public policy. With regard to the impact of any given type of public spending, policy recommendations must be tailored to countries and be based on empirical analysis that takes account of the lags and leads in their effects on equity and growth and ultimately on poverty. The paper sketches out such a framework as the first step in what will have to be a longer-term research agenda to provide theoretically and empirically robust and verifiable guidance to public spending policy.

Author : Philip Keefer,Stuti Khemani
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Democracy
ISBN : UCSD:31822032330060

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Democracy, Public Expenditures, and the Poor by Philip Keefer,Stuti Khemani Pdf

Author : John Roberts
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 085003647X

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Managing Public Expenditure for Development Results and Poverty Reduction by John Roberts Pdf

Author : Shenggen Fan,P. B. R. Hazell,Sukhadeo Thorat
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 99 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1999-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780896291133

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Linkages Between Government Spending, Growth, and Poverty in Rural India by Shenggen Fan,P. B. R. Hazell,Sukhadeo Thorat Pdf

Government expenditure, agricultural growth, and rural poverty; conceptual framework; Data model, estimation, and results.

Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor,Blanca Moreno-Dodson
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 59 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Children
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Public Infrastructure and Growth by Pierre-Richard Agénor,Blanca Moreno-Dodson Pdf

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the various channels through which public infrastructure may affect growth. In addition to the conventional productivity, complementarity, and crowding-out effects typically emphasized in the literature, the impact of infrastructure on investment adjustment costs, the durability of private capital, and the production of health and education services are also highlighted. Effects on health and education are well documented in a number of microeconomic studies, but macroeconomists have only recently begun to study their implications for growth. Links between health, infrastructure, and growth are illustrated in an endogenous growth model with transitional dynamics, and the optimal allocation of public expenditure is discussed. The concluding section draws implications of the analysis for the design of strategies aimed at promoting growth and reducing poverty.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821362563

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Creating Fiscal Space for Poverty Reduction in Ecuador by Anonim Pdf

This publication reviews Ecuador's fiscal management and public expenditure policies in the context of its development and poverty reduction goals. Findings include that the country's impressive fiscal performance of 2003 is encouraging but fragile, as several structural bottlenecks could impede fiscal discipline and recovery. Reversing poverty trends is critical for the country's stability, and this can only be achieved with well-targeted, effective and efficient pro-poor programmes.