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Author : Anonim
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1983-01-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Romualdo Benigni
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2003-02-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780203010822
Applied with success in a number of areas, QSAR studies have become particularly popular in the rational design of drugs and pesticides. Much has been published on the principles of QSAR in this area, but not on their application s to toxic chemicals. This book provides the first comprehensive, interdisciplinary presentation of QSAR studies on
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309047869
The scientific basis, inference assumptions, regulatory uses, and research needs in risk assessment are considered in this two-part volume. The first part, Use of Maximum Tolerated Dose in Animal Bioassays for Carcinogenicity, focuses on whether the maximum tolerated dose should continue to be used in carcinogenesis bioassays. The committee considers several options for modifying current bioassay procedures. The second part, Two-Stage Models of Carcinogenesis, stems from efforts to identify improved means of cancer risk assessment that have resulted in the development of a mathematical dose-response model based on a paradigm for the biologic phenomena thought to be associated with carcinogenesis.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Comparative Toxicity of Naturally Occurring Carcinogens
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1996-02-12
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309175715
Despite increasing knowledge of human nutrition, the dietary contribution to cancer remains a troubling question. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens assembles the best available information on the magnitude of potential cancer riskâ€"and potential anticarcinogenic effectâ€"from naturally occurring chemicals compared with risk from synthetic chemical constituents. The committee draws important conclusions about diet and cancer, including the carcinogenic role of excess calories and fat, the anticarcinogenic benefit of fiber and other substances, and the impact of food additive regulation. The book offers recommendations for epidemiological and diet research. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens provides a readable overview of issues and addresses critical questions: Does diet contribute to an appreciable proportion of human cancer? Are there significant interactions between carcinogens and anticarcinogens in the diet? The volume discusses the mechanisms of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties and considers whether techniques used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of synthetics can be used with naturally occurring chemicals. The committee provides criteria for prioritizing the vast number of substances that need to be tested. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens clarifies the issues and sets the direction for further investigations into diet and cancer. This volume will be of interest to anyone involved in food and health issues: policymakers, regulators, researchers, nutrition professionals, and health advocates.
Author : Ernest H.Y. Chu,Walderico M. Generoso
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 852 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461323990
During the early 1930s, when I was a graduate student and later a post-doctoral researcher at the National Research Council for the University of Wisconsin at Madison, we had the opportunity to get acquainted with many graduate students from China who were sent to the University for training in modern basic sciences as well as social sciences. The University of Wisconsin continues to graduate a large number of Chinese students. Economic conditions in the 1930s were very precarious for the United States and other parts of the world. Many of us students grew closer together because we were living on similarly tight budgets. As a matter of fact, we subleased a part of our apartment in Madison to some Chinese graduate students. This was a very nice opportunity for us to learn about the scientific and cultural back ground of our Chinese friends. Many of them came from the interior of China and had had very little opportunity to become acquainted with people from a western culture. Living with these students was a very pleasant and educational experience which gave us a good pic ture of the cultural life and educational system of China at that time--an intimate picture that one normally would not see without travelling in that country.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 728 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UCSD:31822037817723
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author : F.J. Cleton,J.W.I.M. Simons
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400988231
In 1978 the Dutch Genetic SOciety organized a symposium on the genetic aspects of the origin of tumor cells. The objective of this symposium was to reach an overview of the state of knowledge in a number of quite different fields related to each other through the genetics of the initiation of tumor cells. This monograph contains the brought-up-to-date contributions of this symposium. Herein discussed is the extent that characteristics of tumor cells can be considered as a phenotype. The possible role of somatic mutation and repair of genetic damage is studied and the analysis of genes with oncogenic potential is pursued. Also the influence of host factors in the response to oncogenic action is dealt with. This volume describes in a clear and concise manner the current status in these research areas and, it is hoped, will stimulate the exchange of information and ideas between them. Dr. F.l. CLETON, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam Dr. J.W.I.M. SIMONS, Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, University of Leiden CONTRIBUTORS P. Bentvelzen Ph. D. Radiobiological Institute TNO, Lange Kleiweg 151, Rijswijk (ZH), The Nether lands. F.I. Cleton M.D. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-Huis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. P. Demant M.D. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-Huis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. A.I. van der Eb Ph. D., H. Iochemsen, I.H. Lupker, I. Maat, H. van Ormondt, P.1. Schrier.
Author : T. Rao
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468445954
Toph's in Chemical Mutagenesis is a new series dedicated to studies in the areas of environmental chemical mutagenesis and genetic toxicology. In this series we will explore some of many topics that are emerging in these rapidly developing fields. The purpose of the present volume is to attempt to organize and compare the genotoxic properties of the N-nitroso compounds. This is a particularly interesting class of compounds because of the problems encountered with the Salmonella assay of Ames in generating both false positive and false negative results. The battery approach using a number of assay systems seems more appropriate to evaluate chemicals in this class. Topics to be discussed in other volumes in this series include single-cell mutation monitoring systems, the detection of genetic damage in mammalian germ cells, the mutagenicity of pesticides, problems in monitoring human populations in genetic toxicology, and a glossary of terms in genetic toxicology. All of these books are in various stages of development and should appear within the next few years. Frederick J. de Serres Series Editor vii Preface During the past ten years there has been an explosive development in the number of short-term tests to predict the biological risks, especially risks of cancer, in exposure to xenobiotic chemicals. The number of published articles in this area has reached many thousands a year and there are several new journals devoted almost entirely to the presentation of the results obtained in these tests.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Cancer
ISBN : MINN:319510000557733
Author : United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Cancer
ISBN : 9781428924376
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 657 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2001-10-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309072823
Despite overwhelming evidence of tobacco's harmful effects and pressure from anti-smoking advocates, current surveys show that about one-quarter of all adults in the United States are smokers. This audience is the target for a wave of tobacco products and pharmaceuticals that claim to preserve tobacco pleasure while reducing its toxic effects. Clearing the Smoke addresses the problems in evaluating whether such products actually do reduce the health risks of tobacco use. Within the context of regulating such products, the committee explores key questions: Does the use of such products decrease exposure to harmful substances in tobacco? Is decreased exposure associated with decreased harm to health? Are there surrogate indicators of harm that could be measured quickly enough for regulation of these products? What are the public health implications? This book looks at the types of products that could reduce harm and reviews the available evidence for their impact on various forms of cancer and other major ailments. It also recommends approaches to governing these products and tracking their public health effects. With an attitude of healthy skepticism, Clearing the Smoke will be important to health policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, manufacturers and marketers of "reduced-harm" tobacco products, and anyone trying to sort through product claims.
Author : Claudio Nicolini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781468443349
During October 18-30, 1981, the second course of the International School of Pure and Applied Biostructure, a NATO Advanced Study Institute, was held at the Ettore Majorana Center for Scientific Culture in Erice, Italy, co-sponsored by the International Union Against Cancer, the Italian League Against Cancer, the Italian Ministry of Public Education, the Italian Ministry of Scientific and Technological Research, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Italian National Research Council, the Sicilian Regional Government and two pharmaceutical Companies (Zambeletti and Farmitalia). The subject of the course was "Chemical Carcino genesis" with participants selected world-wide from 18 different countries. It is now eminently clear that.the bulk of human cancers are related to one of several types of environmental exposure. Of the environmental hazards, chemicals are among the best characterized carcinogens. However, how chemicals induce cancer is still poorly understood. Because of the magnitude of the problem and the ob vious need for a much more critical scientific analysis of the process by which cancer is induced (carcinogenesis), it was highly desirable to expose a greater number of scientists with varying background to some of the latest thinking in chemical carcino genesis. The course had this as its major objective and the re sulting book does reflect it.
Author : U.S.-Japan Cooperative Cancer Research Program
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Electronic
ISBN : NWU:35558002735047
Author : John A. Heddle
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781483271224
Mutagenicity: New Horizons in Genetic Toxicology provides an overview of the various applications and studies in the field of genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis. The book is composed of selected scientific papers written by experts in the field. The text presents topics on naturally occurring mutagens; occupational carcinogen; and evaluation of cooking methods. Experiments on mammalian cell mutation; chromosomal aberrations; and organisms that can be used as environmental monitors of toxicity are discussed as well. Ecologists, environmental and sanitary engineers, toxicologists, and anyone interested in environmental mutagenesis, genetic toxicology, occupational health, or the regulation of toxic substances will find the book a good source of insight.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Environmental health
ISBN : MINN:30000007296084