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Quantum Microscopy of Biological Systems by Michael Taylor Pdf
This thesis reports on the development of the first quantum enhanced microscope and on its applications in biological microscopy. The first quantum particle-tracking microscope, described in detail here, represents a pioneering advance in quantum microscopy, which is shown to be a powerful and relevant technique for future applications in science and medicine. The microscope is used to perform the first quantum-enhanced biological measurements -- a central and long-standing goal in the field of quantum measurement. Sub diffraction-limited quantum imaging is achieved, also for the first time, with a scanning probe imaging configuration allowing 10-nanometer resolution.
National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division On Earth And Life Studies,Board On Life Sciences
Author : National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division On Earth And Life Studies,Board On Life Sciences Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 128 pages File Size : 50,8 Mb Release : 2021-11-20 Category : Science ISBN : 0309465346
Quantum Science Concepts in Enhancing Sensing and Imaging Technologies: Applications for Biology: Proceedings of a Workshop by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri,National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division On Earth And Life Studies,Board On Life Sciences Pdf
Quantum concepts hold the potential to enable significant advances in sensing and imaging technologies that could be vital to the study of biological systems. The workshop Quantum Science Concepts in Enhancing Sensing and Imaging Technologies: Applications for Biology, held online March 8-10, 2021, was organized to examine the research and development needs to advance biological applications of quantum technology. Hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the event brought together experts working on state-of-the-art, quantum-enabled technologies and scientists who are interested in applying these technologies to biological systems. Through talks, panels, and discussions, the workshop facilitated a better understanding of the current and future biological applications of quantum-enabled technologies in fields such as microbiology, molecular biology, cell biology, plant science, mycology, and many others. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
Atomic Force Microscopy for Biologists by V J Morris,A R Kirby,A P Gunning Pdf
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is part of a range of emerging microscopic methods for biologists which offer the magnification range of both the light and electron microscope, but allow imaging under the 'natural' conditions usually associated with the light microscope. To biologists AFM offers the prospect of high resolution images of biological material, images of molecules and their interactions even under physiological conditions, and the study of molecular processes in living systems. This book provides a realistic appreciation of the advantages and limitations of the technique and the present and future potential for improving the understanding of biological systems. Contents:ApparatusBasic PrinciplesMacromoleculesInterfacial SystemsOrdered MacromoleculesCells, Tissue and BiomineralsOther Probe Microscopes Readership: Undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in biophysics. Keywords:AFM;Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM);Biophysics;Cells;Macromolecules;Imaging;Biopolymers;Interfaces;DNA;PhospholipidsReviews:“This book fills an important niche by providing an introduction to AFM that will be understandable to a wide range of scientists … the reader is offered an introduction of sufficient brevity to actually be read and of sufficient depth to help in defining the potential uses of SPMs in his or her own research.”Scott Fraser (California Institute of Technology, USA) Nature Cell Biology “I found this book easy to read with clear, simple explanations of a complex topic. I think that the selection of the subjects treated in the book is sufficient for the non-specialist to understand both the basic concepts of the AFM and the production of AFM images in biological systems.”Microscopy and Analysis “… is an excellent introduction for anybody wishing to enter this field … In summary I would strongly recommend this book to any biologist planning on carrying out research using SPM imaging techniques and existing users in the field who wish to broaden their knowledge of SPM imaging and the research already carried out on common biological systems.”Drew Murray JPK Instruments, Berlin “This book provides an excellent survey of novel applications. It is nicely illustrated with numerous images from leading experts in the field. Clear descriptions of the apparatus and its basic principles are provided in a way accessible to students/scientists who do not have a strong physics background. It will be useful to biologists, but also non-biologists dealing with biosystems …”Prof Y F Dufrêne UCL, Belgium
Noriko Hiroi,Viji M. Draviam,Tetsuya J. Kobayashi,Akira Funahashi,Chun-Biu Li,Douglas B. Murray,Hiroaki Takagi,Ziya Kalay,Rinshi S. Kasai,Jason Edward Shoemaker,Akatsuki Kimura,Naoki A. Irie
Author : Noriko Hiroi,Viji M. Draviam,Tetsuya J. Kobayashi,Akira Funahashi,Chun-Biu Li,Douglas B. Murray,Hiroaki Takagi,Ziya Kalay,Rinshi S. Kasai,Jason Edward Shoemaker,Akatsuki Kimura,Naoki A. Irie Publisher : Frontiers Media SA Page : 138 pages File Size : 45,8 Mb Release : 2017-07-24 Category : Electronic book ISBN : 9782889452132
Quantitative Biology: Dynamics of Living Systems by Noriko Hiroi,Viji M. Draviam,Tetsuya J. Kobayashi,Akira Funahashi,Chun-Biu Li,Douglas B. Murray,Hiroaki Takagi,Ziya Kalay,Rinshi S. Kasai,Jason Edward Shoemaker,Akatsuki Kimura,Naoki A. Irie Pdf
With the emergence of Systems Biology, there is a greater realization that the whole behavior of a living system may not be simply described as the sum of its elements. To represent a living system using mathematical principles, practical quantities with units are required. Quantities are not only the bridge between mathematical description and biological observations; they often stand as essential elements similar to genome information in genetics. This important realization has greatly rejuvenated research in the area of Quantitative Biology. Because of the increased need for precise quantification, a new era of technological development has opened. For example, spatio-temporal high-resolution imaging enables us to track single molecule behavior in vivo. Clever artificial control of experimental conditions and molecular structures has expanded the variety of quantities that can be directly measured. In addition, improved computational power and novel algorithms for analyzing theoretical models have made it possible to investigate complex biological phenomena. This research topic is organized on two aspects of technological advances which are the backbone of Quantitative Biology: (i) visualization of biomolecules, their dynamics and function, and (ii) generic technologies of model optimization and numeric integration. We have also included articles highlighting the need for new quantitative approaches to solve some of the long-standing cell biology questions. In the first section on visualizing biomolecules, four cutting-edge techniques are presented. Ichimura et al. provide a review of quantum dots including their basic characteristics and their applications (for example, single particle tracking). Horisawa discusses a quick and stable labeling technique using click chemistry with distinct advantages compared to fluorescent protein tags. The relatively small physical size, stability of covalent bond and simple metabolic labeling procedures in living cells provides this type of technology a potential to allow long-term imaging with least interference to protein function. Obien et al. review strategies to control microelectrodes for detecting neuronal activity and discuss techniques for higher resolution and quality of recordings using monolithic integration with on-chip circuitry. Finally, the original research article by Amariei et al. describes the oscillatory behavior of metabolites in bacteria. They describe a new method to visualize the periodic dynamics of metabolites in large scale cultures populations. These four articles contribute to the development of quantitative methods visualizing diverse targets: proteins, electrical signals and metabolites. In the second section of the topic, we have included articles on the development of computational tools to fully harness the potential of quantitative measurements through either calculation based on specific model or validation of the model itself. Kimura et al. introduce optimization procedures to search for parameters in a quantitative model that can reproduce experimental data. They present four examples: transcriptional regulation, bacterial chemotaxis, morphogenesis of tissues and organs, and cell cycle regulation. The original research article by Sumiyoshi et al. presents a general methodology to accelerate stochastic simulation efforts. They introduce a method to achieve 130 times faster computation of stochastic models by applying GPGPU. The strength of such accelerated numerical calculation are sometimes underestimated in biology; faster simulation enables multiple runs and in turn improved accuracy of numerical calculation which may change the final conclusion of modeling study. This also highlights the need to carefully assess simulation results and estimations using computational tools.
Introduction to Modern Biophysics by Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman Pdf
This textbook provides an introduction to the fundamental and applied aspects of biophysics for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of physics, chemistry, and biology. The application of physics principles and techniques in exploring biological systems has long been a tradition in scientific research. Biological systems hold naturally inbuilt physical principles and processes which are popularly explored. Systematic discoveries help us understand the structures and functions of individual biomolecules, biomolecular systems, cells, organelles, tissues, and even the physiological systems of animals and plants. Utilizing a physics- based scientific understanding of biological systems to explore disease is at the forefront of applied scientific research. This textbook covers key breakthroughs in biophysics whilst looking ahead to future horizons and directions of research. It contains models based on both classical and quantum mechanical treatments of biological systems. It explores diseases related to physical alterations in biomolecular structures and organizations alongside drug discovery strategies. It also discusses the cutting- edge applications of nanotechnologies in manipulating nanoprocesses in biological systems. Key Features: • Presents an accessible introduction to how physics principles and techniques can be used to understand biological and biochemical systems. • Addresses natural processes, mutations, and their purposeful manipulation. • Lays the groundwork for vitally important natural scientific, technological, and medical advances. Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman, a biophysicist and condensed matter scientist, is passionate about investigating biological and biochemical processes utilizing physics principles and techniques. He is a professor of biophysics at King Saud University’s Biochemistry Department in the College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; the co- founder of MDT Canada Inc., and the founder of Child Life Development Institute, Edmonton, Canada. He has authored Biophysics and Nanotechnology of Ion Channels, Nanoscale Biophysics of the Cell, and Membrane Biophysics. He has also published about 50 peer- reviewed articles and several patents, edited two books, and has been serving on the editorial boards of Elsevier and Bentham Science journals. Dr. Ashrafuzzaman has held research and academic ranks at Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, University of Neuchatel (Switzerland), Helsinki University of Technology (Finland), Weill Medical College of Cornell University (USA), and University of Alberta (Canada). During 2013– 2018 he also served as a Visiting Professor at the Departments of Oncology, and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, of the University of Alberta. Dr. Ashrafuzzaman earned his highest academic degree, Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) in condensed matter physics from the University of Neuchatel, Switzerland in 2004.
Quantitative Understanding of Biosystems by Thomas M. Nordlund,Peter M. Hoffmann Pdf
Praise for the prior edition "The author has done a magnificent job... this book is highly recommended for introducing biophysics to the motivated and curious undergraduate student." ―Contemporary Physics "a terrific text ... will enable students to understand the significance of biological parameters through quantitative examples―a modern way of learning biophysics." ―American Journal of Physics "A superb pedagogical textbook... Full-color illustrations aid students in their understanding" ―Midwest Book Review This new edition provides a complete update to the most accessible yet thorough introduction to the physical and quantitative aspects of biological systems and processes involving macromolecules, subcellular structures, and whole cells. It includes two brand new chapters covering experimental techniques, especially atomic force microscopy, complementing the updated coverage of mathematical and computational tools. The authors have also incorporated additions to the multimedia component of video clips and animations, as well as interactive diagrams and graphs. Key Features: Illustrates biological examples with estimates and calculations of biophysical parameters. Features two brand-new chapters on experimental methods, a general overview and focused introduction to atomic force microscopy. Includes new coverage of important topics such as measures of DNA twist, images of nanoparticle assembly, and novel optical and electron nanoscopy. Provides a guide to investigating current expert biophysical research. Enhanced self-study problems and an updated glossary of terms.
This book presents the hotly debated question of whether quantum mechanics plays a non-trivial role in biology. In a timely way, it sets out a distinct quantum biology agenda. The burgeoning fields of nanotechnology, biotechnology, quantum technology, and quantum information processing are now strongly converging. The acronym BINS, for Bio-Info-Nano-Systems, has been coined to describe the synergetic interface of these several disciplines. The living cell is an information replicating and processing system that is replete with naturally-evolved nanomachines, which at some level require a quantum mechanical description. As quantum engineering and nanotechnology meet, increasing use will be made of biological structures, or hybrids of biological and fabricated systems, for producing novel devices for information storage and processing and other tasks. An understanding of these systems at a quantum mechanical level will be indispensable.
Even though time-dependent spectroscopic techniques continue to push the frontier of chemical physics, they receive scant mention in introductory courses and are poorly covered in standard texts. Quantum Dynamics: Applications in Biological and Materials Systems bridges the gap between what is traditionally taught in a one-semester quantum chemistr
Multidimensional Microscopy by P.-C. Cheng,T.H. Lin,W.L. Wu,J.L. Wu Pdf
Modern cell biology is being revolutionized by the wedding of microscopy and computers. This book describes the new instrumentation and methods which allow three-dimensional reconstruction of specimens. Multidimensional Microscopy will be of interest to cell biologists, microscopists, and basic biomedical researchers whose work involves microscopic techniques. This book presents current results on a very active field in modern biology: methods in light and electron microscopy that allow the reconstruction of three-dimensional objects with the aid of computers. The book emphasizes the methods that can be used and examples of biological systems to which they have been applied. It includes extensive descriptions of confocal microscopy and its applications, as well as chapters on X-ray microscopy, low-voltage electron microscopy, and image reconstruction. This is an impressive summary of state-of-the-art methods in microscopy, in which microscopes and computers are being joined to permit specimens to be examined and reconstructed in three dimensions. Will be of interest to cell biologists, biomedical researchers, and microscopists.
Unraveling Genetic Mysteries: Longevity, Genetic Engineering and Philosophy of Mind by Edenilson Brandl Pdf
Genetics is a fascinating and complex field, which reveals the secrets of the genetic code present in every living being. Through the investigation of genes and their interaction with the environment, we are able to better understand the biological processes that shape our existence. In this book, we'll explore the wonders and challenges of genetics, as well as its applications in areas such as medicine, criminal investigation, and genetic engineering. The first part of this book will take us through the intricate world of the genetics of aging and longevity. We will investigate the genetic mechanisms that determine the rate of aging of organisms and explore the possibilities of prolonging a healthy life. We'll discover how the latest research is unlocking the mysteries of aging and offering new insights into human longevity. Then we will enter the field of genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). We will explore the innovative techniques that allow the manipulation of DNA and the creation of organisms with specific characteristics. We'll see how this technology is revolutionizing agriculture, medicine, and industry, while raising important ethical and environmental questions. Forensic genetics will also gain prominence on our journey. We will investigate how DNA analysis has become a powerful tool in solving crimes, unraveling mysteries and assisting in the pursuit of justice. We'll discover how technological advances are revolutionizing criminal investigation and providing a deeper understanding of the genetic bonds between individuals. Entering the field of health, we will explore the genetics of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, autoimmune and psychiatric disorders. We will understand how genes play a key role in the development of these diseases and how this understanding can open the way to more effective treatments and prevention strategies. In addition, we will investigate pharmacogenomics and precision medicine, examining how genetic individuality influences individuals' response to medications, enabling personalized and more effective treatments. We'll also cover the genetics of metabolism and obesity, sleep disorders, and the genetic implications for these conditions. The second part of this book will take us on a philosophical journey into the world of the mind. We'll explore debates about the nature of consciousness, the mind-body problem, reductionism, and dualism. We will investigate the relationship between the mind and the brain, the question of personal identity over time, and the philosophical implications of the mind in relation to artificial intelligence, free will, neuroscience, qualia, and even animal consciousness.
Biophotonics: Spectroscopy, Imaging, Sensing, and Manipulation by Baldassare Di Bartolo,John Collins Pdf
This volume describes an impressive array of the current photonic-related technologies being used in the investigation of biological systems. The topics include various types of microscopy (fluorescence correlation microscopy, two-photon microscopy), sensitive detection of biological molecules, nano-surgery techniques, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, nano-plasmonics, terahertz spectroscopy, and photosynthetic energy conversion. The emphasis is on the physical principles behind each technique, and on examining the advantages and limitations of each.The book begins with an overview by Paras Prasad, a leader in the field of biophotonics, of several important optical techniques currently used for studying biological systems. In the subsequent chapters these techniques are discussed in depth, providing the reader with a detailed understanding of the basic physical principles at work. An excellent treatment of terahertz spectroscopy demonstrates how photonics is being extended beyond the visible region. Recent results in the use of femtosecond lasers as a tool to porate cell walls demonstrate that the manipulation of light can be used as a tool for the study and the treatment of biological systems. The field of Bio-photonics is broad and still growing, so cannot be covered comprehensively in one volume. But here the reader will find an introduction to some of the major tools used for studying biological systems, and at the same time a detailed, first-principles treatment of the physics behind these tools.
