Race Social Reform And The Making Of A Middle Class

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Race, Social Reform, and the Making of a Middle Class

Joseph O. Jewell
Race Social Reform and the Making of a Middle Class Book PDF

Author : Joseph O. Jewell
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2007-03-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781461641650

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Race, Social Reform, and the Making of a Middle Class by Joseph O. Jewell Pdf

Moral reform movements targeting racial minorities have long been central in negotiating the relationship between race and class in the United States, particularly in periods of large scale social change. Over a century ago, when the abolition of racial slavery, Southern Reconstruction, industrialization, and urban migration presented challenges to both race and class hierarchies in the South, postbellum missionary reform organizations like the American Missionary Association crusaded to establish schools, colleges, and churches for Blacks in Southern cities like Atlanta that would aggressively erode cultural differences among former slaves and assimilate them into a civic order defined by Anglo-Protestant culture. While the AMA's missionary institutions in Atlanta sought to shift racial dynamics between Blacks and Whites, they also fueled struggles over the social and cultural boundaries of middle class belonging in a region beset by social change. Drawing upon late nineteenth century accounts of AMA missionary activity in Atlanta, Black attempts to define and maintain a middle class identity, and Atlanta Whites' concerns about Black attempts at upward mobility, the author argue that the rhetoric about the implications of increased minority access to middle class resources like education and cultural knowledge speaks to links between anxieties about class position and racial status in societies stratified by both class and race.

Making Middle-Class Multiculturalism

Jennifer Elrick
Making Middle Class Multiculturalism Book PDF

Author : Jennifer Elrick
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781487527808

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Making Middle-Class Multiculturalism by Jennifer Elrick Pdf

In the 1950s and 1960s, immigration bureaucrats in the Department of Citizenship and Immigration played an important yet unacknowledged role in transforming Canada’s immigration policy. In response to external economic and political pressures for change, high-level bureaucrats developed new admissions criteria gradually and experimentally while personally processing thousands of individual immigration cases per year. Making Middle-Class Multiculturalism shows how bureaucrats’ perceptions and judgements about the admissibility of individuals – in socioeconomic, racial, and moral terms – influenced the creation of formal admissions criteria for skilled workers and family immigrants that continue to shape immigration to Canada. A qualitative content analysis of archival documents, conducted through the theoretical lens of a cultural sociology of immigration policy, reveals that bureaucrats’ interpretations of immigration files generated selection criteria emphasizing not just economic utility, but also middle-class traits and values such as wealth accumulation, educational attainment, entrepreneurial spirit, resourcefulness, and a strong work ethic. By making "middle-class multiculturalism" a demographic reality and basis of nation-building in Canada, these state actors created a much-admired approach to managing racial diversity that has nevertheless generated significant social inequalities.

The Making of the Middle Class

A. Ricardo López
The Making of the Middle Class Book PDF

Author : A. Ricardo López
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2012-01-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822351290

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The Making of the Middle Class by A. Ricardo López Pdf

The contributors question the current academic understanding of what is known as the global middle class. They see middle-class formation as transnational and they examine this group through the lenses of economics, gender, race, and religion from the mid-nineteenth century to today.

Black Corporate Executives

Sharon M. Collins
Black Corporate Executives Book PDF

Author : Sharon M. Collins
Publisher : Temple University Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 1566394740

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Black Corporate Executives by Sharon M. Collins Pdf

Against the backdrop of increasing ambivalence in the federal government commitment to race-based employment policies, this book reveals how African-Americans first broke into professional and managerial jobs in corporations during the sixties and offers in-depth profiles of their subsequent career experiences.Two sets of interviews with the most successful Black executives in Chicago's major corporations are used to demonstrate how the creation of the Black business elite is connected to federal government pressures and black social unrest that characterized the civil Rights movement in the sixties.Black Corporate Executives presents, first hand, the dilemmas and contradictions that face this first wave of Black managers and reveals a subtle new employment discrimination. Corporations hired these executives in response to race-conscious political pressures and shifted them into "racialized" positions directing affirmative action programs or serving "special" markets of minority clients, customers, or urban affairs. Many executives became, as one man said, "the head Black in charge of Black people." These positions gave upper-middle-class lifestyles to those who held them but also siphoned these executives out of mainstream paths to corporate power typically leading through planning and production areas. As the political climate has become more conservative and the economy undergoes restructuring, these Black executives believe that the importance of recruiting Blacks has waned and that the jobs Blacks hold are vulnerable.Collins-Lowry's analysis challenges arguments that justify dismantling affirmative action. She argues that it is a myth to believe that Black occupational attainments are evidence that race no longer matters in the middle-class employment arena. On the contrary, Blacks' progress and well-being are tied to politics and employment practices that are sensitive to race. Author note: Sharon M. Collins teaches Sociology at the University of Illinois, in Chicago.

Class and Schools

Richard Rothstein
Class and Schools Book PDF

Author : Richard Rothstein
Publisher : Teachers College Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Education
ISBN : 0807745561

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Class and Schools by Richard Rothstein Pdf

Contemporary public policy assumes that the achievement gap between black and white students could be closed if only schools would do a better job. According to Richard Rothstein, "Closing the gaps between lower-class and middle-class children requires social and economic reform as well as school improvement. Unfortunately, the trend is to shift most of the burden to schools, as if they alone can eradicate poverty and inequality." In this book, Rothstein points the way toward social and economic reforms that would give all children a more equal chance to succeed in school. This book features: a summary of numerous studies linking school achievement to health care quality, nutrition, childrearing styles, housing stability, parental economic security, and more ; aA look at erroneous and misleading data that underlie commonplace claims that some schools "beat the demographic odds and therefore any school can close the achievement gap if only it adopted proper practices." ; and an analysis of how the over-emphasis of standardized tests in federal law obscures the true achievement gap and makes narrowing it more difficult.

Not Alms but Opportunity

Touré F. Reed
Not Alms but Opportunity Book PDF

Author : Touré F. Reed
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0807888540

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Not Alms but Opportunity by Touré F. Reed Pdf

Illuminating the class issues that shaped the racial uplift movement, Toure Reed explores the ideology and policies of the national, New York, and Chicago Urban Leagues during the first half of the twentieth century. Reed argues that racial uplift in the Urban League reflected many of the class biases pervading contemporaneous social reform movements, resulting in an emphasis on behavioral, rather than structural, remedies to the disadvantages faced by Afro-Americans. Reed traces the Urban League's ideology to the famed Chicago School of Sociology. The Chicago School offered Leaguers powerful scientific tools with which to foil the thrust of eugenics. However, Reed argues, concepts such as ethnic cycle and social disorganization and reorganization led the League to embrace behavioral models of uplift that reflected a deep circumspection about poor Afro-Americans and fostered a preoccupation with the needs of middle-class blacks. According to Reed, the League's reform endeavors from the migration era through World War II oscillated between projects to "adjust" or even "contain" unacculturated Afro-Americans and projects intended to enhance the status of the Afro-American middle class. Reed's analysis complicates the mainstream account of how particular class concerns and ideological influences shaped the League's vision of group advancement as well as the consequences of its endeavors.

White Man’s Work

Joseph O. Jewell
White Man s Work Book PDF

Author : Joseph O. Jewell
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2023-11-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781469673509

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White Man’s Work by Joseph O. Jewell Pdf

In the financial chaos of the last few decades, increasing wealth inequality has shaken people's expectations about middle-class stability. At the same time, demographers have predicted the "browning" of the nation's middle class—once considered a de facto "white" category—over the next twenty years as the country becomes increasingly racially diverse. In this book, Joseph O. Jewell takes us back to the turn of the twentieth century to show how evidence of middle-class mobility among Black, Mexican American, and Chinese men generated both new anxieties and varieties of backlash among white populations. Blending cultural history and historical sociology, Jewell chronicles the continually evolving narratives that linked whiteness with middle-class mobility and middle-class manhood. In doing so, Jewell addresses a key issue in the historical sociology of race: how racialized groups demarcate, defend, and alter social positions in overlapping hierarchies of race, class, and gender. New racist narratives about non-white men occupying middle-class occupations emerged in cities across the nation at the turn of the century. These stories helped to shore up white supremacy in the face of far-reaching changes to the nation's racialized economic order.

The Global Bourgeoisie

Christof Dejung,David Motadel,Jürgen Osterhammel
The Global Bourgeoisie Book PDF

Author : Christof Dejung,David Motadel,Jürgen Osterhammel
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691189918

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The Global Bourgeoisie by Christof Dejung,David Motadel,Jürgen Osterhammel Pdf

The first global history of the middle class While the nineteenth century has been described as the golden age of the European bourgeoisie, the emergence of the middle class and bourgeois culture was by no means exclusive to Europe. The Global Bourgeoisie explores the rise of the middle classes around the world during the age of empire. Bringing together eminent scholars, this landmark essay collection compares middle-class formation in various regions, highlighting differences and similarities, and assesses the extent to which bourgeois growth was tied to the increasing exchange of ideas and goods. The contributors indicate that the middle class was from its very beginning, even in Europe, the result of international connections and entanglements. Essays are grouped into six thematic sections: the political history of middle-class formation, the impact of imperial rule on the colonial middle class, the role of capitalism, the influence of religion, the obstacles to the middle class beyond the Western and colonial world, and, lastly, reflections on the creation of bourgeois cultures and global social history. Placing the establishment of middle-class society into historical context, this book shows how the triumph or destabilization of bourgeois values can shape the liberal world order. The Global Bourgeoisie irrevocably changes the understanding of how an important social class came to be.

The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture

Wanda Rushing
The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture Book PDF

Author : Wanda Rushing
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2010-06-07
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9780807898307

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The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture by Wanda Rushing Pdf

This volume of The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture offers a current and authoritative reference to urbanization in the American South from the eighteenth century to the twenty-first, surveying important southern cities individually and examining the various issues that shape patterns of urbanization from a broad regional perspective. Looking beyond the post-World War II era and the emergence of the Sunbelt economy to examine recent and contemporary developments, the 48 thematic essays consider the ongoing remarkable growth of southern urban centers, new immigration patterns (such as the influx of Latinos and the return-migration of many African Americans), booming regional entrepreneurial activities with global reach (such as the rise of the southern banking industry and companies such as CNN in Atlanta and FedEx in Memphis), and mounting challenges that result from these patterns (including population pressure and urban sprawl, aging and deteriorating infrastructure, gentrification, and state and local budget shortfalls). The 31 topical entries focus on individual cities and urban cultural elements, including Mardi Gras, Dollywood, and the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.

Race, Organizations, and the Organizing Process

Melissa E. Wooten
Race Organizations and the Organizing Process Book PDF

Author : Melissa E. Wooten
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-20
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781787564916

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Race, Organizations, and the Organizing Process by Melissa E. Wooten Pdf

This volume shifts the analytic attention of research on race as a people-based theoretical or empirical category to organizations. Chapters investigate how race shapes organizations and an organization's ability to get the cultural, political, and material resources it needs to survive, i.e, the organizing process.

Jim Crow, Literature, and the Legacy of Sutton E. Griggs

Tess Chakkalakal,Kenneth W. Warren
Jim Crow Literature and the Legacy of Sutton E Griggs Book PDF

Author : Tess Chakkalakal,Kenneth W. Warren
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9780820340326

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Jim Crow, Literature, and the Legacy of Sutton E. Griggs by Tess Chakkalakal,Kenneth W. Warren Pdf

Imperium in Imperio (1899) was the first black novel to countenance openly the possibility of organized black violence against Jim Crow segregation. Its author, a Baptist minister and newspaper editor from Texas, Sutton E. Griggs (1872-1933), would go on to publish four more novels; establish his own publishing company, one of the first secular publishing houses owned and operated by an African American in the United States; and help to found the American Baptist Theological Seminary in Tennessee. Alongside W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, Griggs was a key political and literary voice for black education and political rights and against Jim Crow. Jim Crow, Literature, and the Legacy of Sutton E. Griggs examines the wide scope of Griggs's influence on African American literature and politics at the turn of the twentieth century. Contributors engage Griggs's five novels and his numerous works of nonfiction, as well as his publishing and religious careers. By taking up Griggs's work, these essays open up a new historical perspective on African American literature and the terms that continue to shape American political thought and culture.

The Myth of the Saving Power of Education

Hannah Adams Ingram
The Myth of the Saving Power of Education Book PDF

Author : Hannah Adams Ingram
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-20
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781725257467

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The Myth of the Saving Power of Education by Hannah Adams Ingram Pdf

In the United States, young people are bombarded with messages that they must go to college in order to secure their place in the middle class. Those who are most disadvantaged in society are the most frequent recipients of this rhetoric because people believe that education is the one ticket that can save them from poverty. Like the belief that there is only one avenue for salvation from hell to heaven, the notion of salvific education presents a single answer to the problem of inequality—if you want to be saved from poverty and oppression, you must go to college. In this book, Hannah Adams Ingram interrogates the presumed promise of education and argues that the myth itself perpetuates, rather than alleviates, social inequality. The Myth of the Saving Power of Education asks educators to reclaim the liberative potential of education and asks Christians to repent of judging individual worth based on the same merits as the secular market system.

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History

Kathryn Gin Lum,Paul Harvey
The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History Book PDF

Author : Kathryn Gin Lum,Paul Harvey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780190221188

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The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History by Kathryn Gin Lum,Paul Harvey Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History brings together a number of established scholars, as well as younger scholars on the rise, to provide a scholarly overview for those interested in the role of religion and race in American history. Thirty-four scholars from the fields of History, Religious Studies, Sociology, Anthropology, and more investigate the complex interdependencies of religion and race from pre-Columbian origins to the present. The volume addresses the religious experience, social realities, theologies, and sociologies of racialized groups in American religious history, as well as the ways that religious myths, institutions, and practices contributed to their racialization. Part One begins with a broad introductory survey outlining some of the major terms and explaining the intersections of race and religions in various traditions and cultures across time. Part Two provides chronologically arranged accounts of specific historical periods that follow a narrative of religion and race through four-plus centuries. Taken together, The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History provides a reliable scholarly text and resource to summarize and guide work in this subject, and to help make sense of contemporary issues and dilemmas.

The Vanishing Middle Class, new epilogue

Peter Temin
The Vanishing Middle Class new epilogue Book PDF

Author : Peter Temin
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262535298

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The Vanishing Middle Class, new epilogue by Peter Temin Pdf

Why the United States has developed an economy divided between rich and poor and how racism helped bring this about. The United States is becoming a nation of rich and poor, with few families in the middle. In this book, MIT economist Peter Temin offers an illuminating way to look at the vanishing middle class. Temin argues that American history and politics, particularly slavery and its aftermath, play an important part in the widening gap between rich and poor. Temin employs a well-known, simple model of a dual economy to examine the dynamics of the rich/poor divide in America, and outlines ways to work toward greater equality so that America will no longer have one economy for the rich and one for the poor. Many poorer Americans live in conditions resembling those of a developing country—substandard education, dilapidated housing, and few stable employment opportunities. And although almost half of black Americans are poor, most poor people are not black. Conservative white politicians still appeal to the racism of poor white voters to get support for policies that harm low-income people as a whole, casting recipients of social programs as the Other—black, Latino, not like "us." Politicians also use mass incarceration as a tool to keep black and Latino Americans from participating fully in society. Money goes to a vast entrenched prison system rather than to education. In the dual justice system, the rich pay fines and the poor go to jail.

Prohibition in Atlanta:

Ron Smith & Mary O. Boyle
Prohibition in Atlanta Book PDF

Author : Ron Smith & Mary O. Boyle
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : History
ISBN : 9781626196063

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Prohibition in Atlanta: by Ron Smith & Mary O. Boyle Pdf

After the Civil War, state and national Prohibition galvanized in Atlanta the issues of classism, racism and anti-immigrant sentiment. While many consider flappers and gangsters the iconic images of the era, in reality, it was marked with temperance zealotry, blind tigers and white lightning. Georgia's protracted and intense battle changed the industrial and social landscapes of its capital city and unleashed a flood of illegal liquor that continually flowed in the wettest city in the South. Moonshine was the toast of the town from mill houses to the state capitol. The state eventually repealed prohibition, but the social, moral and legal repercussions still linger seventy years later. Join authors Ron Smith and Mary O. Boyle as they recount the colorful history of Atlanta's struggle to freely enjoy a drink.