Radiation Source Use And Replacement

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Radiation Source Use and Replacement
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2008-05-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309110143

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Radiation Source Use and Replacement by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on Radiation Source Use and Replacement Pdf

In the United States there are several thousand devices containing high-activity radiation sources licensed for use in areas ranging from medical uses such as cancer therapy to safety uses such as testing of structures and industrial equipment. Those radiation sources are licensed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state agencies. Concerns have been raised about the safety and security of the radiation sources, particularly amid fears that they could be used to create dirty bombs, or radiological dispersal device (RDD). In response to a request from Congress, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission asked the National Research Council to conduct a study to review the uses of high-risk radiation sources and the feasibility of replacing them with lower risk alternatives. The study concludes that the U.S. government should consider factors such as potential economic consequences of misuse of the radiation sources into its assessments of risk. Although the committee found that replacements of most sources are possible, it is not economically feasible in some cases. The committee recommends that the U.S. government take steps to in the near term to replace radioactive cesium chloride radiation sources, a potential "dirty bomb" ingredient used in some medical and research equipment, with lower-risk alternatives. The committee further recommends that longer term efforts be undertaken to replace other sources. The book presents a number of options for making those replacements.

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : Bernan Press(PA)
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105002686678

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Recommendations for the Safe Use and Regulation of Radiation Sources in Industry, Medicine, Research and Teaching by International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf

Please note: this publication will be superseded by a later SST publication.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study the Feasibility of, and Need for, Epidemiologic Studies of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Families of Atomic Veterans
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1995-07-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309176118

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Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans by Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study the Feasibility of, and Need for, Epidemiologic Studies of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in the Families of Atomic Veterans Pdf

Over the past several decades, public concern over exposure to ionizing radiation has increased. This concern has manifested itself in different ways depending on the perception of risk to different individuals and different groups and the circumstances of their exposure. One such group are those U.S. servicemen (the "Atomic Veterans" who participated in the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site or in the Pacific Proving Grounds, who served with occupation forces in or near Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or who were prisoners of war in or near those cities at the time of, or shortly after, the atomic bombings. This book addresses the feasibility of conducting an epidemiologic study to determine if there is an increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes in the spouses, children, and grandchildren of the Atomic Veterans.

Author : Committee for Review and Evaluation of the Medical Use Program of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1996-04-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309588751

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Radiation in Medicine by Committee for Review and Evaluation of the Medical Use Program of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,Institute of Medicine Pdf

Does radiation medicine need more regulation or simply better-coordinated regulation? This book addresses this and other questions of critical importance to public health and safety. The issues involved are high on the nation's agenda: the impact of radiation on public safety, the balance between federal and state authority, and the cost-benefit ratio of regulation. Although incidents of misadministration are rare, a case in Pennsylvania resulting in the death of a patient and the inadvertent exposure of others to a high dose of radiation drew attention to issues concerning the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine and the need to examine current regulatory practices. Written at the request from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Radiation in Medicine reviews the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine, focusing on the NRC's Medical Use Program, which governs the use of reactor-generated byproduct materials. The committee recommends immediate action on enforcement and provides longer term proposals for reform of the regulatory system. The volume covers Sources of radiation and their use in medicine. Levels of risk to patients, workers, and the public. Current roles of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other federal agencies, and states. Criticisms from the regulated community. The committee explores alternative regulatory structures for radiation medicine and explains the rationale for the option it recommends in this volume. Based on extensive research, input from the regulated community, and the collaborative efforts of experts from a range of disciplines, Radiation in Medicine will be an important resource for federal and state policymakers and regulators, health professionals involved in radiation treatment, developers and producers of radiation equipment, insurance providers, and concerned laypersons.

Author : Damijan Balenovic,Emilije Stimac
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Medical care
ISBN : 162100869X

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Radiation Exposure by Damijan Balenovic,Emilije Stimac Pdf

Soil is the main source of continuous radiation exposure to humans. It also acts as a medium of migration for transfer of radionuclides to the biological systems and hence, it is the basic indicator of radiological contamination in the environment. In this new book, the authors present current research in the study of the sources, impacts and reduction strategies to radiation exposure. Topics discussed include radiation exposure and protection in conventional paediatric radiology of the thorax; natural and man-made radionuclides in the soil; the current state of terrestrial ecosystems in the Eastern Ural radioactive trace; pharmaceuticals photochemical reactions and radiation exposure in pregnancy and in medical imaging.

Author : Veterans Administration Hospital (Omaha, Neb.). Special Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1966
Category : Radiation
ISBN : SRLF:D0004248951

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Radiation Safety Manual by Veterans Administration Hospital (Omaha, Neb.). Special Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine and Biology Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilitiesâ¬"Phase I
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2012-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309255714

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Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board,Committee on the Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilitiesâ¬"Phase I Pdf

In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : IAEA Safety Standards
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Reference
ISBN : 9201353103

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Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources by International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf

This publication is the new edition of the International Basic Safety Standards. The edition is co-sponsored by seven other international organizations European Commission (EC/Euratom), FAO, ILO, OECD/NEA, PAHO, UNEP and WHO. It replaces the interim edition that was published in November 2011 and the previous edition of the International Basic Safety Standards which was published in 1996. It has been extensively revised and updated to take account of the latest finding of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and the latest recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The publication details the requirements for the protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources. All circumstances of radiation exposure are considered.

Author : Kenneth L. Mossman
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2006-10-20
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781000654547

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Radiation Risks in Perspective by Kenneth L. Mossman Pdf

Public misperception of radiological risk consistently directs limited resources toward managing minimal or even phantom risks at great cost to government and industry with no measurable benefit to overall public health. The public's inability to comprehend small theoretical risks arrived at through inherently uncertain formulae, coupled with an ir

Author : R. J. Pentreath
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-08-12
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781107096028

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Radioecology by R. J. Pentreath Pdf

An overview of the sources, uses and effects of ionising radiation in the environment and their consequences for life.

Author : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2006-03-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309133340

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Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation,National Research Council Pdf

This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.

Author : Geir Anton Johansen,Peter Jackson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2004-10-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470021088

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Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial Process Measurements by Geir Anton Johansen,Peter Jackson Pdf

In order to fully utilise nucleonic measurement principles and their applications, it is important to have an understanding of the underlying physics. Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial Process Measurements combines theoretical background with practical experience in order to present an accessible overview of the use of radioisotopes in industry. This unique book explains the modes of operation of installed gauges and presents nucleonic methods relevant to measurement problems. The first part of the book deals with radiation sources, the interaction of radiation with matter and radiation detectors. The second part explains the different measurement principles used for industrial gauges and the last part of the book covers industrial applications. This book also: Features a concise introduction to atomic and nuclear physics. Presents a range of nucleonic measurement methods and highlights their application to a variety of problems. Contains an overview of electronics, measurement accuracy, safety and standards. Considers processes and demands, design strategies and practical realisation of measurement systems. Provides many practical engineering examples. Offering a comprehensive coverage of engineering applications, this book is an essential tool for electrical, electronic and instrument engineers in the oil and chemicals processing sectors. It is also a valuable reference to graduate students and physicists involved in nuclear radiation measurement, medical applications, radiochemical research, environmental monitoring and chemical engineering.

Author : Frank Verhaegen,Joao Seco
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781000455557

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Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy by Frank Verhaegen,Joao Seco Pdf

Targets both students or professionals, both novice and experienced, in medical radiotherapy physics. Combines overviews of development, methods and references to facilitate Monte Carlo studies. Focuses on applications in radiotherapy.

Author : Michael G. Stabin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 390 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2007-09-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387499833

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Radiation Protection and Dosimetry by Michael G. Stabin Pdf

This book provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of all relevant topics in the field of radiation protection (health physics). The text is organized to introduce the reader to basic principles of radiation emission and propagation, to review current knowledge and historical aspects of the biological effects of radiation, and to cover important operational topics such as radiation shielding and dosimetry. The author’s website contains materials for instructors including PowerPoint slides for lectures and worked-out solutions to end-of-chapter exercises. The book serves as an essential handbook for practicing health physics professionals.

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : International Atomic Energy Agency
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9201047185

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IAEA Safety Glossary by International Atomic Energy Agency Pdf

The IAEA Safety Glossary defines and explains technical terms used in the IAEA Safety Standards and other safety related IAEA publications, and provides information on their usage. The 2018 Edition of the IAEA Safety Glossary is a new edition of the IAEA Safety Glossary, originally issued in 2007. It has been revised and updated to take into account new terminology and usage in safety standards issued between 2007 and 2018. The revisions and updates reflect developments in the technical areas of application of the safety standards and changes in regulatory approaches in Member States.