Raymond Smullyan On Self Reference

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Raymond Smullyan on Self Reference

Melvin Fitting,Brian Rayman
Raymond Smullyan on Self Reference Book PDF

Author : Melvin Fitting,Brian Rayman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319687322

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Raymond Smullyan on Self Reference by Melvin Fitting,Brian Rayman Pdf

This book collects, for the first time in one volume, contributions honoring Professor Raymond Smullyan’s work on self-reference. It serves not only as a tribute to one of the great thinkers in logic, but also as a celebration of self-reference in general, to be enjoyed by all lovers of this field. Raymond Smullyan, mathematician, philosopher, musician and inventor of logic puzzles, made a lasting impact on the study of mathematical logic; accordingly, this book spans the many personalities through which Professor Smullyan operated, offering extensions and re-evaluations of his academic work on self-reference, applying self-referential logic to art and nature, and lastly, offering new puzzles designed to communicate otherwise esoteric concepts in mathematical logic, in the manner for which Professor Smullyan was so well known. This book is suitable for students, scholars and logicians who are interested in learning more about Raymond Smullyan's work and life.

Diagonalization and Self-reference

Raymond M. Smullyan
Diagonalization and Self reference Book PDF

Author : Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher : Oxford Logic Guides
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0198534507

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Diagonalization and Self-reference by Raymond M. Smullyan Pdf

The main purpose of this book is to present a unified treatment of fixed points as they occur in Godel's incompleteness proofs, recursion theory, combinatory logic, semantics, and metamathematics. The book provides a survey of introductory material and a summary of recent research. The firstchapters are of an introductory nature and consist mainly of exercises with solutions given to most of them.

Self-Reference

S.J. Bartlett,P. Suber
Self Reference Book PDF

Author : S.J. Bartlett,P. Suber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400935518

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Self-Reference by S.J. Bartlett,P. Suber Pdf

Self-reference, although a topic studied by some philosophers and known to a number of other disciplines, has received comparatively little explicit attention. For the most part the focus of studies of self-reference has been on its logical and linguistic aspects, with perhaps disproportionate emphasis placed on the reflexive paradoxes. The eight-volume Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, for example, does not contain a single entry in its index under "self-reference", and in connection with "reflexivity" mentions only "relations", "classes", and "sets". Yet, in this volume, the introductory essay identifies some 75 varieties and occurrences of self-reference in a wide range of disciplines, and the bibliography contains more than 1,200 citations to English language works about reflexivity. The contributed papers investigate a number of forms and applications of self-reference, and examine some of the challenges posed by its difficult temperament. The editors hope that readers of this volume will gain a richer sense of the sti11largely unexplored frontiers of reflexivity, and of the indispensability of reflexive concepts and methods to foundational inquiries in philosophy, logic, language, and into the freedom, personality and intelligence of persons.

Satan, Cantor, And Infinity And Other Mind-bogglin

Raymond M. Smullyan
Satan Cantor And Infinity And Other Mind bogglin Book PDF

Author : Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher : Knopf
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2012-05-30
Category : Games & Activities
ISBN : 9780307819826

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Satan, Cantor, And Infinity And Other Mind-bogglin by Raymond M. Smullyan Pdf

More than two hundred new and challenging logic puzzles—the simplest brainteaser to the most complex paradoxes in contemporary mathematical thinking—from our topmost puzzlemaster (“the most entertaining logician who ever lived,” Martin Gardner has called him). Our guide to the puzzles is the Sorcerer, who resides on the Island of Knights and Knaves, where knights always tell the truth and knaves always lie, and he introduces us to the amazing magic—logic—that enables to discover which inhabitants are which. Then, in a picaresque adventure in logic, he takes us to the planet Og, to the Island of Partial Silence, and to a land where metallic robots wearing strings of capital letters are noisily duplicating and dismantling themselves and others. The reader’s job is to figure out how it all works. Finally, we accompany the Sorcerer on an alluring tour of Infinity which includes George Cantor’s amazing mathematical insights. The tour (and the book) ends with Satan devising a diabolical puzzle for one of Cantor’s prize students—who outwits him! In sum: a devilish magician’s cornucopia of puzzles—a delight for every age and level of ability.

The Gödelian Puzzle Book

Raymond M. Smullyan
The G delian Puzzle Book Book PDF

Author : Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher : Courier Corporation
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-08-21
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780486315775

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The Gödelian Puzzle Book by Raymond M. Smullyan Pdf

These logic puzzles provide entertaining variations on Gödel's incompleteness theorems, offering ingenious challenges related to infinity, truth and provability, undecidability, and other concepts. No background in formal logic necessary.

Recursion Theory for Metamathematics

Raymond M. Smullyan
Recursion Theory for Metamathematics Book PDF

Author : Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1993-01-28
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0195344812

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Recursion Theory for Metamathematics by Raymond M. Smullyan Pdf

This work is a sequel to the author's Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems, though it can be read independently by anyone familiar with Gödel's incompleteness theorem for Peano arithmetic. The book deals mainly with those aspects of recursion theory that have applications to the metamathematics of incompleteness, undecidability, and related topics. It is both an introduction to the theory and a presentation of new results in the field.

Forever Undecided

Raymond M. Smullyan
Forever Undecided Book PDF

Author : Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher : Knopf
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2012-07-04
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780307962461

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Forever Undecided by Raymond M. Smullyan Pdf

Forever Undecided is the most challenging yet of Raymond Smullyan’s puzzle collections. It is, at the same time, an introduction—ingenious, instructive, entertaining—to Gödel’s famous theorems. With all the wit and charm that have delighted readers of his previous books, Smullyan transports us once again to that magical island where knights always tell the truth and knaves always lie. Here we meet a new and amazing array of characters, visitors to the island, seeking to determine the natives’ identities. Among them: the census-taker McGregor; a philosophical-logician in search of his flighty bird-wife, Oona; and a regiment of Reasoners (timid ones, normal ones, conceited, modest, and peculiar ones) armed with the rules of propositional logic (if X is true, then so is Y). By following the Reasoners through brain-tingling exercises and adventures—including journeys into the “other possible worlds” of Kripke semantics—even the most illogical of us come to understand Gödel’s two great theorems on incompleteness and undecidability, some of their philosophical and mathematical implications, and why we, like Gödel himself, must remain Forever Undecided!

The Tao Is Silent

Raymond M. Smullyan
The Tao Is Silent Book PDF

Author : Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher : Harper Collins
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-05
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780062281418

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The Tao Is Silent by Raymond M. Smullyan Pdf

The Tao Is Silent Is Raymond Smullyan's beguiling and whimsical guide to the meaning and value of eastern philosophy to westerners. "To me," Writes Smullyan, "Taoism means a state of inner serenity combined with an intense aesthetic awareness. Neither alone is adequate; a purely passive serenity is kind of dull, and an anxiety-ridden awareness is not very appealing." This is more than a book on Chinese philosophy. It is a series of ideas inspired by Taoism that treats a wide variety of subjects about life in general. Smullyan sees the Taoist as "one who is not so much in search of something he hasn't, but who is enjoying what he has." Readers will be charmed and inspired by this witty, sophisticated, yet deeply religious author, whether he is discussing gardening, dogs, the art of napping, or computers who dream that they're human.

Regression Analysis of Count Data

Adrian Colin Cameron,Pravin K. Trivedi
Regression Analysis of Count Data Book PDF

Author : Adrian Colin Cameron,Pravin K. Trivedi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 597 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107014169

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Regression Analysis of Count Data by Adrian Colin Cameron,Pravin K. Trivedi Pdf

This book provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date account of regression methods to explain the frequency of events.

First-Order Logic

Raymond R. Smullyan
First Order Logic Book PDF

Author : Raymond R. Smullyan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783642867187

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First-Order Logic by Raymond R. Smullyan Pdf

Except for this preface, this study is completely self-contained. It is intended to serve both as an introduction to Quantification Theory and as an exposition of new results and techniques in "analytic" or "cut-free" methods. We use the term "analytic" to apply to any proof procedure which obeys the subformula principle (we think of such a procedure as "analysing" the formula into its successive components). Gentzen cut-free systems are perhaps the best known example of ana lytic proof procedures. Natural deduction systems, though not usually analytic, can be made so (as we demonstrated in [3]). In this study, we emphasize the tableau point of view, since we are struck by its simplicity and mathematical elegance. Chapter I is completely introductory. We begin with preliminary material on trees (necessary for the tableau method), and then treat the basic syntactic and semantic fundamentals of propositional logic. We use the term "Boolean valuation" to mean any assignment of truth values to all formulas which satisfies the usual truth-table conditions for the logical connectives. Given an assignment of truth-values to all propositional variables, the truth-values of all other formulas under this assignment is usually defined by an inductive procedure. We indicate in Chapter I how this inductive definition can be made explicit-to this end we find useful the notion of a formation tree (which we discuss earlier).

Basic Belief and Basic Knowledge

René Woudenberg,Sabine Roeser,Ron Rood
Basic Belief and Basic Knowledge Book PDF

Author : René Woudenberg,Sabine Roeser,Ron Rood
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110327519

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Basic Belief and Basic Knowledge by René Woudenberg,Sabine Roeser,Ron Rood Pdf

Over the last two decades foundationalism has been severely criticized. In response to this various alternatives to it have been advanced, notably coherentism. At the same time new versions of foundationalism were crafted, that were claimed to be immune to the earlier criticisms. This volume contains 12 papers in which various aspects of this dialectic are covered. A number of papers continue the trend to defend foundationalism, and foundationalism's commitment to basic beliefs and basic knowledge, against various attacks. Others aim to show that one important objection against coherentism, viz. that the notion of 'coherence' is too vague to be useful, can be countered.

To Mock a Mockingbird

Raymond M. Smullyan
To Mock a Mockingbird Book PDF

Author : Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Games & Activities
ISBN : 9780192801425

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To Mock a Mockingbird by Raymond M. Smullyan Pdf

The author of Forever Undecided, Raymond Smullyan continues to delight and astonish us with his gift for making available, in the thoroughly pleasurable form of puzzles, some of the most important mathematical thinking of our time.

A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Coalition Formation

Debraj Ray
A Game Theoretic Perspective on Coalition Formation Book PDF

Author : Debraj Ray
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199207954

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A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Coalition Formation by Debraj Ray Pdf

Drawing upon and extending his inaugural Lipsey Lectures, Debraj Ray looks at coalition formation from the perspective of game theory. Ray brings together developments in both cooperative and noncooperative game theory to study the analytics of coalition formation and binding agreements.

Aboutness

Stephen Yablo
Aboutness Book PDF

Author : Stephen Yablo
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-11-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691173658

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Aboutness by Stephen Yablo Pdf

Aboutness has been studied from any number of angles. Brentano made it the defining feature of the mental. Phenomenologists try to pin down the aboutness-features of particular mental states. Materialists sometimes claim to have grounded aboutness in natural regularities. Attempts have even been made, in library science and information theory, to operationalize the notion. But it has played no real role in philosophical semantics. This is surprising; sentences have aboutness-properties if anything does. Aboutness is the first book to examine through a philosophical lens the role of subject matter in meaning. A long-standing tradition sees meaning as truth-conditions, to be specified by listing the scenarios in which a sentence is true. Nothing is said about the principle of selection--about what in a scenario gets it onto the list. Subject matter is the missing link here. A sentence is true because of how matters stand where its subject matter is concerned. Stephen Yablo maintains that this is not just a feature of subject matter, but its essence. One indicates what a sentence is about by mapping out logical space according to its changing ways of being true or false. The notion of content that results--directed content--is brought to bear on a range of philosophical topics, including ontology, verisimilitude, knowledge, loose talk, assertive content, and philosophical methodology. Written by one of today's leading philosophers, Aboutness represents a major advance in semantics and the philosophy of language.

The Riddle of Scheherazade

Raymond Smullyan
The Riddle of Scheherazade Book PDF

Author : Raymond Smullyan
Publisher : Knopf
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2012-08-22
Category : Games & Activities
ISBN : 9780307819833

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The Riddle of Scheherazade by Raymond Smullyan Pdf

In his new book, Raymond Smullyan, grand vizier of the logic puzzle, joins Scheherazade, a charming young woman of “fantastic logical ingenuity,” to give us 1001 hours of brain-teasing fun. Scheherazade, we find, has gotten back into hot water with the king, and is once more in danger of losing her head at down. But, thinking quickly, she tempts the king to stay her execution by posing him the most delightfully devious mathematical and logic puzzle ever invented. They keep him guessing for many more nights until the fatal hour has passed, and she keeps her head. The Riddle of Scheherazade includes several wonderful old chestnuts and many fiendishly original puzzles, 225 in all. There are logic tricks and number games, metapuzzles (puzzles about puzzles), liar/truth-teller exercises, Gödelian brian twisters, baffling paradoxes, and an excursion, under Scheherazade’s expert guidance, into an amusing new field invented by Smullyan, called “coercive” logic, in which the answer to a problem can actually change the fate of the puzzler! An absolute must for all puzzle fans—from the middle-school whiz to the sophisticated mathematician or computer scientist.