Aboutness

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Aboutness

Stephen Yablo
Aboutness Book PDF

Author : Stephen Yablo
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016-11-08
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691173658

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Aboutness by Stephen Yablo Pdf

Aboutness has been studied from any number of angles. Brentano made it the defining feature of the mental. Phenomenologists try to pin down the aboutness-features of particular mental states. Materialists sometimes claim to have grounded aboutness in natural regularities. Attempts have even been made, in library science and information theory, to operationalize the notion. But it has played no real role in philosophical semantics. This is surprising; sentences have aboutness-properties if anything does. Aboutness is the first book to examine through a philosophical lens the role of subject matter in meaning. A long-standing tradition sees meaning as truth-conditions, to be specified by listing the scenarios in which a sentence is true. Nothing is said about the principle of selection--about what in a scenario gets it onto the list. Subject matter is the missing link here. A sentence is true because of how matters stand where its subject matter is concerned. Stephen Yablo maintains that this is not just a feature of subject matter, but its essence. One indicates what a sentence is about by mapping out logical space according to its changing ways of being true or false. The notion of content that results--directed content--is brought to bear on a range of philosophical topics, including ontology, verisimilitude, knowledge, loose talk, assertive content, and philosophical methodology. Written by one of today's leading philosophers, Aboutness represents a major advance in semantics and the philosophy of language.

The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization

Elaine Svenonius
The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization Book PDF

Author : Elaine Svenonius
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262194333

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The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization by Elaine Svenonius Pdf

Integrating the disparate disciplines of descriptive cataloging, subject cataloging, indexing, and classification, the book adopts a conceptual framework that views the process of organizing information as the use of a special language of description called a bibliographic language.

Real Materialism

Galen Strawson
Real Materialism Book PDF

Author : Galen Strawson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2008-05-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199267422

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Real Materialism by Galen Strawson Pdf

Real Materialism is a collection of highly original essays on a set of related topics in philosophy of mind and metaphysics: consciousness and the mind-body problem; our knowledge of the world; the nature of the self or subject; free will and moral responsibility; the nature of thought and intentionality; causation and David Hume.

Cataloging and Classification

Gretchen L. Hoffman,Karen Snow
Cataloging and Classification Book PDF

Author : Gretchen L. Hoffman,Karen Snow
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-24
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781000483604

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Cataloging and Classification by Gretchen L. Hoffman,Karen Snow Pdf

The cataloging and classification field is changing rapidly. New concepts and models, such as linked data, identity management, the IFLA Library Reference Model, and the latest revision of Resource Description and Access (RDA), have the potential to change how libraries provide access to their collections. To prepare library and information science (LIS) students to be successful cataloging practitioners in this changing landscape, they need a solid understanding of fundamental cataloging concepts, standards, and practices: their history, where they stand currently, and possibilities for the future. The chapters in Cataloging and Classification: Back to Basics are meant to complement textbooks and lectures so students can go deeper into specific topics. New and well-seasoned library practitioners will also benefit from reading these chapters as a way to refresh or fill gaps in their knowledge of cataloging and classification. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal, Cataloging & Classification Quarterly.

Graffiti Art Styles

Lisa Gottlieb
Graffiti Art Styles Book PDF

Author : Lisa Gottlieb
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-10
Category : Art
ISBN : 9780786452255

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Graffiti Art Styles by Lisa Gottlieb Pdf

This book presents a classification system for graffiti art styles that reflects the expertise of graffiti writers and the work of art historian Erwin Panofsky. Based on Panofsky’s theories of iconographical analysis, the classification model is designed to identify the style of a graffiti art piece through its visual characteristics. Tested by image cataloguers in archives, libraries, and museums, the system assists information professionals in identifying the iconic styles of graffiti art pieces. It also demonstrates the power of Panofsky’s theories to provide access to non-representational or abstract art images. The result is a new paradigm for Panofsky’s theories that challenges the assumptions of traditional models. This innovative book is a valuable resource for anyone who wants to learn more about graffiti art and for information professionals concerned with both the practical and intellectual issues surrounding image access.

System Theories and A Priori Aspects of Perception

J.S. Jordan
System Theories and A Priori Aspects of Perception Book PDF

Author : J.S. Jordan
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1998-04-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080542212

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System Theories and A Priori Aspects of Perception by J.S. Jordan Pdf

This book takes as a starting point, John Dewey's article, The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology, in which Dewey was calling for, in short, the utilisation of systems theories within psychology, theories of behaviour that capture its nature as a vastly-complex dynamic coordination of nested coordinations. This line of research was neglected as American psychology migrated towards behaviourism, where perception came to be thought of as being both a neural response to an external stimulus and a mediating neural stimulus leading to, or causing a muscular response. As such, perception becomes a question of how it is the perceiver creates neural representations of the physical world. Gestalt psychology, on the other hand, focused on perception itself, utilising the term Phenomenological Field; a term that elegantly nests perception and the organism within their respective, as well as relative, levels of organisation. With the development of servo-mechanisms during the second world war, systems theory began to take on momentum within psychology, and then in the 1970s William T Powers brought the notion of servo-control to perception in his book, Behavior: The Control of Perception. Since then, scientists have come to see nature not as linear chain of contingent cause-effect relationships, but rather, as a non linear, unpredictable nesting of self referential, emergent coordinations, best described as Chaos theory. The implications for perception are astounding, while maintaining the double-aspect nature of perception espoused by the Gestalt psychologists. In short, system theories model perception within the context of a functioning organism, so that objects of experience come to be seen as scale-dependent, psychophysically-neutral, phenomenological transformations of energy structures, the dynamics of which are the result of evolution, and therefore, a priori to the individual case. This a priori, homological unity among brain perception and world is revealed through the use of systems theories and represents the thrust of this book. All the authors are applying some sort of systems theory to the psychology of perception. However, unlike Dewey we have close to a century of technology we can bring to bear upon the issue. This book should be seen as a collection of such efforts.

Mental Reality, second edition, with a new appendix

Galen Strawson
Mental Reality second edition with a new appendix Book PDF

Author : Galen Strawson
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2009-10-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262264471

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Mental Reality, second edition, with a new appendix by Galen Strawson Pdf

An argument against neobehaviorism and for "naturalized Cartesianism," which couples a wholly materialist approach to the mind with a fully realist attitude to the phenomena of conscious experience. In Mental Reality, Galen Strawson argues that much contemporary philosophy of mind gives undue primacy of place to publicly observable phenomena, nonmental phenomena, and behavioral phenomena (understood as publicly observable phenomena) in its account of the nature of mind. It does so at the expense of the phenomena of conscious experience. Strawson describes an alternative position, "naturalized Cartesianism," which couples the materialist view that mind is entirely natural and wholly physical with a fully realist account of the nature of conscious experience. Naturalized Cartesianism is an adductive (as opposed to reductive) form of materialism. Adductive materialists don't claim that conscious experience is anything less than we ordinarily conceive it to be, in being wholly physical. They claim instead that the physical is something more than we ordinarily conceive it to be, given that many of the wholly physical goings on in the brain constitute—literally are—conscious experiences as we ordinarily conceive them. Since naturalized Cartesianism downgrades the place of reference to nonmental and publicly observable phenomena in an adequate account of mental phenomena, Strawson considers in detail the question of what part such reference still has to play. He argues that it is a mistake to think that all behavioral phenomena are publicly observable phenomena.This revised and expanded edition of Mental Reality includes a new appendix, which thoroughly revises the account of intentionality given in chapter 7.

The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy

Frank Jackson,Michael Smith
The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Frank Jackson,Michael Smith
Publisher : Oxford Handbooks Online
Page : 932 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2005-10-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 019924295X

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The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy by Frank Jackson,Michael Smith Pdf

Jackson and Smith have assembled over 30 distinguished scholars to contribute surveys in the principal areas of research in philosophy, including metaphysics, the philosophy of language and epistemology.

The Theme-topic Interface

María A. Gómez-González
The Theme topic Interface Book PDF

Author : María A. Gómez-González
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9027250863

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The Theme-topic Interface by María A. Gómez-González Pdf

The Theme-Topic Interface (TTI) gives a useful catalogue of approaches to the concept Theme in the analysis of Natural Language. The book is written with both theoretical and descriptive goals and aims to synthesize and revise current approaches to pragmatic functions. In addition, TTI explains that different thematic constructions in natural language reveal different discourse strategies related to point of view and speaker subjectivity, which shows the mutually supportive role of form and discourse function vis-á-vis each other. The book's value is enhanced by the use of natural language corpora, the Lancaster IBM Spoken English Corpus (LIBMSEC), and by running multivariate statistical tests, taking into account both segmental and suprasegmental features. The bibliography lists more than 600 publications providing ample material for further research into an integrated theory of language and its use. The indexes provide easy access to most authors mentioned and to the major concepts covered.

Fixing Reference

Imogen Dickie
Fixing Reference Book PDF

Author : Imogen Dickie
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2015-12-03
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191072208

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Fixing Reference by Imogen Dickie Pdf

Imogen Dickie develops an account of aboutness-fixing for thoughts about ordinary objects, and of reference-fixing for the singular terms we use to express them. Extant discussions of this topic tread a weary path through descriptivist proposals, causalist alternatives, and attempts to combine the most attractive elements of each. The account developed here is a new beginning. It starts with two basic principles. The first connects aboutness and truth: a belief is about the object upon whose properties its truth or falsity depends. The second connects truth and justification: justification is truth conducive; in general and allowing exceptions, a subject whose beliefs are justified will be unlucky if they are not true, and not merely lucky if they are. These principles—one connecting aboutness and truth; the other truth and justification—combine to yield a third principle connecting aboutness and justification: a body of beliefs is about the object upon which its associated means of justification converges; the object whose properties a subject justifying beliefs in this way will be unlucky to get wrong and not merely luck to get right. The first part of the book proves a precise version of this principle. Its remaining chapters use the principle to explain how the relations to objects that enable us to think about them—perceptual attention; understanding of proper names; grasp of descriptions—do their aboutness-fixing and thought-enabling work. The book includes discussions of the nature of singular thought and the relation between thought and consciousness.

Against Facts

Arianna Betti
Against Facts Book PDF

Author : Arianna Betti
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262029216

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Against Facts by Arianna Betti Pdf

An argument that the major metaphysical theories of facts give us no good reason to accept facts in our catalog of the world. In this book Arianna Betti argues that we have no good reason to accept facts in our catalog of the world, at least as they are described by the two major metaphysical theories of facts. She claims that neither of these theories is tenable—neither the theory according to which facts are special structured building blocks of reality nor the theory according to which facts are whatever is named by certain expressions of the form “the fact that such and such.” There is reality, and there are entities in reality that we are able to name, but, Betti contends, among these entities there are no facts. Drawing on metaphysics, the philosophy of language, and linguistics, Betti examines the main arguments in favor of and against facts of the two major sorts, which she distinguishes as compositional and propositional, giving special attention to methodological presuppositions. She criticizes compositional facts (facts as special structured building blocks of reality) and the central argument for them, Armstrong's truthmaker argument. She then criticizes propositional facts (facts as whatever is named in “the fact that” statements) and what she calls the argument from nominal reference, which draws on Quine's criterion of ontological commitment. Betti argues that metaphysicians should stop worrying about facts, and philosophers in general should stop arguing for or against entities on the basis of how we use language.

Advances in Comparative Germanic Syntax

Artemis Alexiadou
Advances in Comparative Germanic Syntax Book PDF

Author : Artemis Alexiadou
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 417 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027255242

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Advances in Comparative Germanic Syntax by Artemis Alexiadou Pdf

The present volume contains a selection of papers presented at the 21st and 22nd Comparative Germanic Syntax Workshop held at the University of California, Santa Cruz and the University of Stuttgart. The contributions provide insightful discussions of several topics of current interest for syntactic theory on the basis of comparative data from a wide range of contemporary and historical Germanic languages. The theoretical issues explored include: the left periphery, with a number of contributions touching on the pros and contras of cartographic accounts; different aspects of word order and how it arises from movement and clause structure; the interplay of thematic relations and case theory with the realization of DPs; and the treatment of finiteness and modal structures. This book is of interest to syntacticians working in a comparative perspective and to advanced undergraduates.

Singular Thought and Mental Files

Rachel Goodman,James Genone,Nick Kroll
Singular Thought and Mental Files Book PDF

Author : Rachel Goodman,James Genone,Nick Kroll
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2020-02-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191063879

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Singular Thought and Mental Files by Rachel Goodman,James Genone,Nick Kroll Pdf

The notion of singular (or de re) thought has become central in philosophy of mind and language, yet there is still little consensus concerning the best way to think about the nature of singular thought. Coinciding with recognition of the need for more clarity about the notion, there has been a surge of interest in the concept of a mental file as a way to understand what is distinctive about singular thought. What isn't always clear, however, is what mental files are meant to be, and why we should believe that thoughts that employ them are singular as opposed to descriptive. This volume brings together original chapters by leading scholars which aim to examine and evaluate the viability of the mental files framework for theorizing about singular thought. The first section of the volume addresses the central issues of the definition and nature of singular thought, as well as how it relates to the notion of a mental file. The second section addresses the legitimacy of the mental files conception of singular thought by assessing the philosophical motivations or the purported empirical support for the view, or by laying out a specific version of it. The third section helps to clarify both the notion of a mental file and the mental files conception of singular thought by focusing on their role in explaining de jure coreference in thought and language. The volume then concludes with a final section that casts doubt on the mental files conception and the legitimacy of the file-theoretic framework more generally.

Linguistic Luck

Abrol Fairweather,Carlos Montemayor
Linguistic Luck Book PDF

Author : Abrol Fairweather,Carlos Montemayor
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192660152

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Linguistic Luck by Abrol Fairweather,Carlos Montemayor Pdf

Despite the considerable attention the topic of luck has received in ethics and epistemology, very little has been published in the philosophical literature overtly on linguistic luck. The essays collected here provide the first sustained examination of the diverse forms of linguistic luck, the mechanisms available to reduce the impact of linguistic luck and how to cope with residual luck not eliminated by the causal, inferential, and intentional mechanisms which aim at its eradication. Of primary interest is not some, hitherto unnoticed widespread prevalence of luck in the determinants of meaning and communication, but rather the impressive extent to which luck is reduced or eliminated therein. Whether through casual, inferential or intentional means, the determinants of meaning and communication are impressively independent of luck and chance. In fact, it is difficult to imagine a world with human language where efforts to communicate succeed no better than chance. Linguistic communication is only possible because robust luck reducing variables are at work. The essays collected seek to understand the diversity, scope and mode of operation of luck reducing mechanisms in language. While it is not possible here to cover the full range of linguistic phenomena affected by luck, a wide range of issues in linguistics and philosophy of language are investigated, including, syntax processing, demonstrative reference, conversational implicature, testimony, lexical innovation, joint attention, communicative value, conventionalism vs. anti-conventionalism, metasemantic safety, and semantic skepticism, to name a few.

The Phenomenal Basis of Intentionality

Angela Mendelovici
The Phenomenal Basis of Intentionality Book PDF

Author : Angela Mendelovici
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-05-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190863814

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The Phenomenal Basis of Intentionality by Angela Mendelovici Pdf

Intentionality is the mind's ability to be "of," "about," or "directed" at things, or to "say" something. For example, a thought might "say" that grass is green or that Santa Claus is jolly, and a visual experience might be "of" a blue cup. While the existence of the phenomenon of intentionality is manifestly obvious, how exactly the mind gets to be "directed" at things, which may not even exist, is deeply mysterious and controversial. It has been long assumed that the best way to explain intentionality is in terms of tracking relations, information, functional roles, and similar notions. This book breaks from this tradition, arguing that the only empirically adequate and in principle viable theory of intentionality is one in terms of phenomenal consciousness, the felt, subjective, or qualitative feature of mental life. According to the theory advanced by Mendelovici, the phenomenal intentionality theory, there is a central kind of intentionality, phenomenal intentionality, that arises from phenomenal consciousness alone, and any other kind of intentionality derives from it. The phenomenal intentionality theory faces important challenges in accounting for the rich and sophisticated contents of thoughts, broad and object-involving contents, and nonconscious states. Mendelovici proposes a novel and particularly strong version of the theory that can meet these challenges. The end result is a radically internalistic picture of the mind, on which all phenomenally represented contents are literally in our heads, and any non-phenomenal contents we in some sense represent are expressly singled out by us.