Reasoning About Preference Dynamics

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Reasoning about Preference Dynamics

Fenrong Liu
Reasoning about Preference Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Fenrong Liu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2011-05-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400713444

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Reasoning about Preference Dynamics by Fenrong Liu Pdf

Our preferences determine how we act and think, but exactly what the mechanics are and how they work is a central cause of concern in many disciplines. This book uses techniques from modern logics of information flow and action to develop a unified new theory of what preference is and how it changes. The theory emphasizes reasons for preference, as well as its entanglement with our beliefs. Moreover, the book provides dynamic logical systems which describe the explicit triggers driving preference change, including new information, suggestions, and commands. In sum, the book creates new bridges between many fields, from philosophy and computer science to economics, linguistics, and psychology. For the experienced scholar access to a large body of recent literature is provided and the novice gets a thorough introduction to the action and techniques of dynamic logic.

Introduction to Formal Philosophy

Sven Ove Hansson,Vincent F. Hendricks
Introduction to Formal Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Sven Ove Hansson,Vincent F. Hendricks
Publisher : Springer
Page : 733 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319774343

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Introduction to Formal Philosophy by Sven Ove Hansson,Vincent F. Hendricks Pdf

This Undergraduate Textbook introduces key methods and examines the major areas of philosophy in which formal methods play pivotal roles. Coverage begins with a thorough introduction to formalization and to the advantages and pitfalls of formal methods in philosophy. The ensuing chapters show how to use formal methods in a wide range of areas. Throughout, the contributors clarify the relationships and interdependencies between formal and informal notions and constructions. Their main focus is to show how formal treatments of philosophical problems may help us understand them better. Formal methods can be used to solve problems but also to express new philosophical problems that would never have seen the light of day without the expressive power of the formal apparatus. ​Formal philosophy merges work in different areas of philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, computer science, linguistics, physics, psychology, biology, economics, political theory, and sociology. This title offers an accessible introduction to this new interdisciplinary research area to a wide academic audience.

Handbook of Philosophical Logic

Dov M. Gabbay,Franz Guenthner
Handbook of Philosophical Logic Book PDF

Author : Dov M. Gabbay,Franz Guenthner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319977553

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Handbook of Philosophical Logic by Dov M. Gabbay,Franz Guenthner Pdf

This eighteenth volume of the acclaimed Handbook of Philosophical Logic includes many contributors who are among the most famous leading figures of applied philosophical logic of our time. Coverage includes deontic logic, practical reasoning, homogeneous and heterogeneous logical proportion, and talmudic logic. Overall, it will appeal to students, practitioners, and researchers looking for an authoritative resource in these areas. The contributors first explore models in terms of dynamic logics for information-driven agency. The paradigm they use is dynamic-epistemic logics for knowledge and belief and their current extensions to the statics and dynamics of agents’ preferences. Next, in the presentation of preference based agency, coverage examines a large number of themes, including interactive social agents and scenarios with long term patterns emerging over time. From here, the book moves on to offer an introduction to homogeneous and heterogeneous logical proportions. Readers will also learn more about the general challenge that the problem of formalizing practical reasoning presents to logical theory. The contributors survey the existing resources that might contribute to the development of such a formalization. They conclude that, while a robust, adequate logic of practical reasoning is not yet in place, the materials for developing such a logic are now available. The last chapter explores topics that deal with the logic of Jewish law and the logic of the Talmud. This includes obligations and prohibitions in Talmudic deontic logic, the handling of loops in Talmudic logic, Temporal Talmudic logic, and quantum states and disjunctive attacks in Talmudic logic. The Talmudic logic system presented are also exported to general logic and to Artificial Intelligence.

Logic, Rationality, and Interaction

Hans van Ditmarsch,Jerome Lang,Shier Ju
Logic Rationality and Interaction Book PDF

Author : Hans van Ditmarsch,Jerome Lang,Shier Ju
Publisher : Springer
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2011-10-07
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783642241307

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Logic, Rationality, and Interaction by Hans van Ditmarsch,Jerome Lang,Shier Ju Pdf

Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information, this book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, LORI 2011, held in Guangzhou, China, in October 2011. The 25 revised full papers presented together with 12 posters were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. Among the topics covered are semantic models for knowledge, for belief, and for uncertainty; dynamic logics of knowledge, information flow, and action; logical analysis of the structure of games; belief revision, belief merging; logics and preferences, compact preference representation; logics of intentions, plans, and goals; logics of probability and uncertainty; logical approaches to decision making and planning; argument systems and their role in interaction; norms, normative interaction, and normative multiagent systems; and logical and computational approaches to social choice.

Logics in Artificial Intelligence

Francesco Calimeri,Nicola Leone,Marco Manna
Logics in Artificial Intelligence Book PDF

Author : Francesco Calimeri,Nicola Leone,Marco Manna
Publisher : Springer
Page : 822 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030195700

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Logics in Artificial Intelligence by Francesco Calimeri,Nicola Leone,Marco Manna Pdf

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 16th European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence, JELIA 2019, held in Rende, Italy, in May 2019. The 50 full papers and 10 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 101 submissions. Additionally, the book contains 3 invited papers. The accepted papers span a number of areas within Logics in AI, including: belief revision and argumentation; causal, defeasible and inductive reasoning; conditional, probabilistic and propositional logic; description logics; logic programming; modal and default logic; and temporal logic.

Games, Actions, and Social Software

Jan van Eijck,Rineke Verbrugge
Games Actions and Social Software Book PDF

Author : Jan van Eijck,Rineke Verbrugge
Publisher : Springer
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642293269

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Games, Actions, and Social Software by Jan van Eijck,Rineke Verbrugge Pdf

Edited in collaboration with FoLLI, the Association of Logic, Language and Information, this book collects a set of chapters of the multi-disciplinary project "Games, actions and Social software" which was carried out at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIAS) in Wassenaar, from September 2006 through January 2007. The chapters focus on social software and the social sciences, knowledge, belief and action, perception, communication, and cooperation.

Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management

Hui Xiong,W.B. Lee
Knowledge Science Engineering and Management Book PDF

Author : Hui Xiong,W.B. Lee
Publisher : Springer
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2012-02-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783642259753

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Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management by Hui Xiong,W.B. Lee Pdf

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, KSEM 2011, held in Irvine, CA, USA, in December 2011. The 34 revised full papers presented together with 7 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions.

Logical Dynamics of Information and Interaction

Johan van Benthem
Logical Dynamics of Information and Interaction Book PDF

Author : Johan van Benthem
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09-29
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781139500463

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Logical Dynamics of Information and Interaction by Johan van Benthem Pdf

This book develops a view of logic as a theory of information-driven agency and intelligent interaction between many agents - with conversation, argumentation and games as guiding examples. It provides one uniform account of dynamic logics for acts of inference, observation, questions and communication, that can handle both update of knowledge and revision of beliefs. It then extends the dynamic style of analysis to include changing preferences and goals, temporal processes, group action and strategic interaction in games. Throughout, the book develops a mathematical theory unifying all these systems, and positioning them at the interface of logic, philosophy, computer science and game theory. A series of further chapters explores repercussions of the 'dynamic stance' for these areas, as well as cognitive science.

J. Michael Dunn on Information Based Logics

Katalin Bimbo
J Michael Dunn on Information Based Logics Book PDF

Author : Katalin Bimbo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319293004

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J. Michael Dunn on Information Based Logics by Katalin Bimbo Pdf

This book celebrates and expands on J. Michael Dunn’s work on informational interpretations of logic. Dunn, in his Ph.D. thesis (1966), introduced a semantics for first-degree entailments utilizing the idea that a sentence can provide positive or negative information about a topic, possibly supplying both or neither. He later published a related interpretation of the logic R-mingle, which turned out to be one of the first relational semantics for a relevance logic. An incompatibility relation between information states lends itself to a definition of negation and it has figured into Dunn's comprehensive investigations into representations of various negations. The informational view of semantics is also a prominent theme in Dunn’s research on other logics, such as quantum logic and linear logic, and led to the encompassing theory of generalized Galois logics (or "gaggles"). Dunn’s latest work addresses informational interpretations of the ternary accessibility relation and the very nature of information. The book opens with Dunn’s autobiography, followed by a list of his publications. It then presents a series of papers written by respected logicians working on different aspects of information-based logics. The topics covered include the logic R-mingle, which was introduced by Dunn, and its applications in mathematical reasoning as well as its importance in obtaining results for other relevance logics. There are also interpretations of the accessibility relation in the semantics of relevance and other non-classical logics using different notions of information. It also presents a collection of papers that develop semantics for various logics, including certain modal and many-valued logics. The publication of this book is well timed, since we are living in an "information age.” Providing new technical findings, intellectual history and careful expositions of intriguing ideas, it appeals to a wide audience of scholars and researchers.

Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences

Byron Kaldis
Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences Book PDF

Author : Byron Kaldis
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 1195 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781452276045

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Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences by Byron Kaldis Pdf

"This encyclopedia, magnificently edited by Byron Kaldis, will become a valuable source both of reference and inspiration for all those who are interested in the interrelation between philosophy and the many facets of the social sciences. A must read for every student of the humanities." Wulf Gaertner, University of Osnabrueck, Germany "Like all good works of reference this Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences is not to be treated passively: it provides clear and sometimes controversial material for constructive confrontation. It is a rich resource for critical engagement. The Encyclopedia conceived and edited by Byron Kaldis is a work of impressive scope and I am delighted to have it on my bookshelf.” David Bloor, Edinburgh University "This splendid and possibly unique work steers a skilful course between narrower conceptions of philosophy and the social sciences. It will be an invaluable resource for students and researchers in either or both fields, and to anyone working on the interrelations between them." William Outhwaite, Newcastle University The Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences is the first of its kind in bringing the subjects of philosophy and the social sciences together. It is not only about the philosophy of the social sciences but, going beyond that, it is also about the relationship between philosophy and the social sciences. The subject of the Encyclopedia is purposefully multi- and inter-disciplinary. Knowledge boundaries are both delineated and crossed over. The goal is to convey a clear sense of how philosophy looks at the social sciences and to mark out a detailed picture of how the two are interrelated: interwoven at certain times but also differentiated and contrasted at others. The Entries cover topics of central significance but also those that are both controversial and on the cutting-edge, underlining the unique mark of this Encyclopedia: the interrelationship between philosophy and the social sciences, especially as it is found in fresh ideas and unprecedented hybrid disciplinary areas. The Encyclopedia serves a further dual purpose: it contributes to the renewal of the philosophy of the social sciences and helps to promote novel modes of thinking about some of its classic problems.

The Handbook of Rationality

Markus Knauff,Wolfgang Spohn
The Handbook of Rationality Book PDF

Author : Markus Knauff,Wolfgang Spohn
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 879 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262045070

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The Handbook of Rationality by Markus Knauff,Wolfgang Spohn Pdf

The first reference on rationality that integrates accounts from psychology and philosophy, covering descriptive and normative theories from both disciplines. Both analytic philosophy and cognitive psychology have made dramatic advances in understanding rationality, but there has been little interaction between the disciplines. This volume offers the first integrated overview of the state of the art in the psychology and philosophy of rationality. Written by leading experts from both disciplines, The Handbook of Rationality covers the main normative and descriptive theories of rationality—how people ought to think, how they actually think, and why we often deviate from what we can call rational. It also offers insights from other fields such as artificial intelligence, economics, the social sciences, and cognitive neuroscience. The Handbook proposes a novel classification system for researchers in human rationality, and it creates new connections between rationality research in philosophy, psychology, and other disciplines. Following the basic distinction between theoretical and practical rationality, the book first considers the theoretical side, including normative and descriptive theories of logical, probabilistic, causal, and defeasible reasoning. It then turns to the practical side, discussing topics such as decision making, bounded rationality, game theory, deontic and legal reasoning, and the relation between rationality and morality. Finally, it covers topics that arise in both theoretical and practical rationality, including visual and spatial thinking, scientific rationality, how children learn to reason rationally, and the connection between intelligence and rationality.

Discovery Science

Toon Calders,Michelangelo Ceci,Donato Malerba
Discovery Science Book PDF

Author : Toon Calders,Michelangelo Ceci,Donato Malerba
Publisher : Springer
Page : 500 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-10-12
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319463070

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Discovery Science by Toon Calders,Michelangelo Ceci,Donato Malerba Pdf

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2016, held in banff, AB, Canada in October 2015. The 30 full papers presented together with 5 abstracts of invited talks in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 60 submissions.The conference focuses on following topics: Advances in the development and analysis of methods for discovering scientific knowledge, coming from machine learning, data mining, and intelligent data analysis, as well as their application in various scientific domains.

Renewing Liberalism

James A. Sherman
Renewing Liberalism Book PDF

Author : James A. Sherman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319282770

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Renewing Liberalism by James A. Sherman Pdf

This book develops an original and comprehensive theory of political liberalism. It defends bold new accounts of the nature of autonomy and individual liberty, the content of distributive justice, and the justification for the authority of the State. The theory that emerges integrates contemporary progressive and pluralistic liberalism into a broadly Aristotelian intellectual tradition. The early chapters of the book challenge the traditional conservative idea of individual liberty—the liberty to dispose of one’s property as one wishes—and replace it with a new one, according to which liberty is of equal value to all persons, regardless of economic position. The middle chapters present an original theory of socio-economic justice, arguing that a society in which every citizen enjoys an equal share of liberty should be the distributive goal of the State. It is argued that this goal is incompatible with the existence of large disparities in wealth and economic power, and that (contra conservative and libertarian economic arguments) such disparities are harmful to the overall health of national and global economies. The final chapters provide an original argument that the State has both a moral duty and a moral right to pursue this program of socio-economic justice (contra conservative and libertarian moral arguments), and that only the measures necessary to implement this program lie within the morally justifiable limits on the State’s authority. Though primarily a political work, it spans most areas of practical philosophy—including ethical, social, and legal theory; and meta-ethics, moral psychology, and action theory. And though fundamentally a philosophical work, it incorporates research from a number of fields—including decision theory, economics, political science, and jurisprudence; primatology, neuroscience, and psychology; and history, anthropology, sociology, and ecology—and is sure to be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students.

Jaakko Hintikka on Knowledge and Game-Theoretical Semantics

Hans van Ditmarsch,Gabriel Sandu
Jaakko Hintikka on Knowledge and Game Theoretical Semantics Book PDF

Author : Hans van Ditmarsch,Gabriel Sandu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-01-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319628646

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Jaakko Hintikka on Knowledge and Game-Theoretical Semantics by Hans van Ditmarsch,Gabriel Sandu Pdf

This book focuses on the game-theoretical semantics and epistemic logic of Jaakko Hintikka. Hintikka was a prodigious and esteemed philosopher and logician, and his death in August 2015 was a huge loss to the philosophical community. This book, whose chapters have been in preparation for several years, is dedicated to the work of Jaako Hintikka, and to his memory. This edited volume consists of 23 contributions from leading logicians and philosophers, who discuss themes that span across the entire range of Hintikka’s career. Semantic Representationalism, Logical Dialogues, Knowledge and Epistemic logic are among some of the topics covered in this book's chapters. The book should appeal to students, scholars and teachers who wish to explore the philosophy of Jaako Hintikka.

Logic in Games

Johan Van Benthem
Logic in Games Book PDF

Author : Johan Van Benthem
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-24
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262019903

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Logic in Games by Johan Van Benthem Pdf

A comprehensive examination of the interfaces of logic, computer science, and game theory, drawing on twenty years of research on logic and games. This book draws on ideas from philosophical logic, computational logic, multi-agent systems, and game theory to offer a comprehensive account of logic and games viewed in two complementary ways. It examines the logic of games: the development of sophisticated modern dynamic logics that model information flow, communication, and interactive structures in games. It also examines logic as games: the idea that logical activities of reasoning and many related tasks can be viewed in the form of games. In doing so, the book takes up the “intelligent interaction” of agents engaging in competitive or cooperative activities and examines the patterns of strategic behavior that arise. It develops modern logical systems that can analyze information-driven changes in players' knowledge and beliefs, and introduces the “Theory of Play” that emerges from the combination of logic and game theory. This results in a new view of logic itself as an interactive rational activity based on reasoning, perception, and communication that has particular relevance for games. Logic in Games, based on a course taught by the author at Stanford University, the University of Amsterdam, and elsewhere, can be used in advanced seminars and as a resource for researchers.