Reducing Refining And Replacing The Use Of Animals In Toxicity Testing
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David G. Allen,Dave Allen,Michael D.. Waters,Mike D. Waters
Author : David G. Allen,Dave Allen,Michael D.. Waters,Mike D. Waters Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry Page : 386 pages File Size : 53,8 Mb Release : 2013 Category : Medical ISBN : 9781849736527
Reducing, Refining and Replacing the Use of Animals in Toxicity Testing by David G. Allen,Dave Allen,Michael D.. Waters,Mike D. Waters Pdf
This thought-provoking book describes the ever-expanding "toolbox" of methods now available to reduce, refine, or replace animal usage in toxicity testing.
Animal Experimentation: Working Towards a Paradigm Change by Kathrin Herrmann,Kimberley Jayne Pdf
Animal experimentation has been one of the most controversial areas of animal use, mainly due to the intentional harms inflicted upon animals for the sake of hoped-for benefits in humans. Despite this rationale for continued animal experimentation, shortcomings of this practice have become increasingly more apparent and well-documented. However, these limitations are not yet widely known or appreciated, and there is a danger that they may simply be ignored. The 51 experts who have contributed to Animal Experimentation: Working Towards a Paradigm Change critically review current animal use in science, present new and innovative non-animal approaches to address urgent scientific questions, and offer a roadmap towards an animal-free world of science.
Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education. Summary by Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Office of Technology Assessment Pdf
With an estimated 17-22 million animals used in laboratories annually in the United States, public interest in animal welfare has sparked an often emotional debate over such uses of animals. Concerns focus on balancing societal needs for continued progress in biomedical and behavioral research, for toxicity testing to safeguard the public, and for education in the life sciences with desires to replace, reduce, and refine the use of laboratory animals. In 1985, the United States Congress enacted three laws that dealt with laboratory animals, including amendments to the Animal Welfare Act. This assessment analyzes the scientific, regulatory, economic, legal, and ethical considerations involved in alternative technologies in biomedical and behavioral research, toxicity testing, and education. Included is a detailed examination of federal, state, and institutional regulation of animal use, and a review of recent developments in 10 other countries. The report illustrates a range of options for congressional action in seven areas of public policy regarding animals: using existing alternatives; developing new alternatives; disseminating research and testing information; restricting animal use; counting the numbers and kinds of animals used; establishing a uniform policy for animal use within federal agencies; and amending the Animal Welfare Act. (JN)
National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 113 pages File Size : 47,6 Mb Release : 1988-02-01 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309038393
Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research Pdf
Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.
Alternatives to Animal Testing by Christoph A. Reinhardt Pdf
Opinion leaders in science and politics examine findings and legislation in alternatives to animal testing! Refine, reduce, replace - These are the three demands that scientists have placed upon themselves in their search for alternatives to animal testing. Indeed much interdisciplinary research is being carried on today, and new fields have emerged, such as in-vitro toxicology. The three R's call for new scientific insights. Moreover, validation and acceptance strategies have to be adapted, a process of much ongoing interest and vital concern to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Researchers need to know exactly what has been achieved and accepted in alternatives to animal testing in science and politics. In this book they have the opportunity to benefit from the knowledge and expertise of leading researchers and influential representatives of national and international regulatory authorities.
Committee on the Use of Animals in Research (U.S.),Institute of Medicine (U.S.)
Author : Committee on the Use of Animals in Research (U.S.),Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 48 pages File Size : 45,7 Mb Release : 1991 Category : Medical ISBN : UOM:39015009123855
Science, Medicine, and Animals by Committee on the Use of Animals in Research (U.S.),Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Pdf
The necessity for animal use in biomedical research is a hotly debated topic in classrooms throughout the country. Frequently teachers and students do not have access to balanced,  factual material to foster an informed discussion on the topic. This colorful, 50-page booklet is designed to educate teenagers about the role of animal research in combating disease, past and present; the perspective of animal use within the whole spectrum of biomedical research; the regulations and oversight that govern animal research; and the continuing efforts to use animals more efficiently and humanely.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 217 pages File Size : 51,8 Mb Release : 2007-11-05 Category : Nature ISBN : 9780309151733
Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicity Testing and Assessment of Environmental Agents Pdf
Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in the environment. The National Research Council was asked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to review the state of the science and create a far-reaching vision for the future of toxicity testing. The book finds that developing, improving, and validating new laboratory tools based on recent scientific advances could significantly improve our ability to understand the hazards and risks posed by chemicals. This new knowledge would lead to much more informed environmental regulations and dramatically reduce the need for animal testing because the new tests would be based on human cells and cell components. Substantial scientific efforts and resources will be required to leverage these new technologies to realize the vision, but the result will be a more efficient, informative and less costly system for assessing the hazards posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides.
Author : Michael Balls Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry Page : 137 pages File Size : 55,8 Mb Release : 2006 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780854042111
Alternatives to Animal Testing by Michael Balls Pdf
Animal experimentation has long been a controversial issue with impassioned arguments on both sides of the debate. Increasingly it has become more expedient and feasible to develop new methods that avoid the use of animals. There is agreement on both sides that reduction and refinement of experiments on animals should be an important goal for the industries involved. Alternatives to Animal Testing, written by leading experts in the field, discusses the issues involved and approaches that can be taken. Topics include; the safety evaluation of chemicals, international validation and barriers to the validation of alternative tests, in vitro testing for endocrine disruptors, intelligent approaches to safety evaluation of chemicals, alternative tests and the regulatory framework. The book provides an up-to-date discussion of the current state of development of alternatives to animal testing and is ideal for professionals and academics in the field. It would also be of use for graduate students wishing to pursue a career in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 223 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2003-08-22 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309167857
Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Pdf
Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.
Progress in the Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement of Animal Experimentation by Michael Balls,A-M. Zeller,Marlies E. Halder Pdf
Hardbound. New legislation enacted in many countries and regions of the world during the 1980s requires that laboratory animal use be reduced, refined and replaced wherever possible, for ethical and scientific reasons, in line with the Three Rs concept put forward by W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Bnurch in 1958, in The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. This Congress provided an opportunity for a celebration of the 40th anniversary of the publication of this book, and for a coming together of many of those who are actively pursuing the implementation of the Three Rs in the interests of good science and humane science.Current uses and future prospects for the use of laboratory animal procedures and non-animal methods in the biomedical sciences are considered in five themes: the development of replacement alternative methods; the validation and regulatory acceptance of alternative test methods; reduction alternatives and the testi
European Communities Commission: Directorate- for Research
Author : European Communities Commission: Directorate- for Research Publisher : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities Page : 0 pages File Size : 48,9 Mb Release : 2008-04 Category : Animal experimentation ISBN : 9279056891
Alternative Testing Strategies Replacing, Reducing and Refining Use of Animals in Research: Eur 22846 by European Communities Commission: Directorate- for Research Pdf
On cover: Genomics & biotechnology for health/Project synopses/ 6th framework programme. EU-supported research 2002-2006
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 137 pages File Size : 49,7 Mb Release : 2008-04-10 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309108171
Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals Pdf
Scientific advances in our understanding of animal physiology and behavior often require theories to be revised and standards of practice to be updated to improve laboratory animal welfare. This new book from the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) at the National Research Council, Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals, focuses on the stress and distress which is experienced by animals when used in laboratory research. This book aims to educate laboratory animal veterinarians; students, researchers, and investigators; animal care staff, as well as animal welfare officers on the current scientific and ethical issues associated with stress and distress in laboratory animals. It evaluates pertinent scientific literature to generate practical and pragmatic guidelines. Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals focuses specifically on the scientific understanding of the causes and the functions of stress and distress, the transformation of stress to distress, and the identification of principles for the recognition and alleviation of distress. This book discusses the role of humane endpoints in situations of distress and principles for the minimization of distress in laboratory animals. It also identifies areas in which further scientific investigation is needed to improve laboratory animal welfare in order to adhere to scientific and ethical principles that promote humane care and practice.
Alternative Toxicological Methods by Harry Salem,Sidney A. Katz Pdf
Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientist
